Peptides最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its receptors (TRHRs) in Nile tilapia: Molecular identification, ligand-receptor interaction and expression profile","authors":"Guixian Bu ,&nbsp;Tao Yong ,&nbsp;Yuqing Tang ,&nbsp;Jingyan Luo ,&nbsp;Yu Ji ,&nbsp;Li Guo ,&nbsp;Shasha Guo ,&nbsp;Shuai Yang ,&nbsp;Linyan Huang ,&nbsp;Xianyin Zeng ,&nbsp;Caiyun Sun ,&nbsp;Fengyan Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a highly conserved tripeptide across vertebrates and regulates various biological processes, including energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction. The functions of TRH are mediated by TRH receptors (TRHRs). In vertebrates, three <em>TRHR</em> subtypes have been identified, namely <em>TRHR1</em>, <em>TRHR2</em>, and <em>TRHR3</em>. However, <em>TRHR2</em> and <em>TRHR3</em> are often lost in some vertebrate lineages, highlighting the evolutionary divergence of the TRH-TRHR system. Although extensive research has been conducted in mammals, studies concerning the biological roles of TRH-TRHR system remain limited in fish. Therefore, using Nile tilapia (ti-) as a teleost model, we cloned the full-length cDNA of <em>TRH</em> and its receptors. Based on sequence alignment, synteny analysis and phylogenetic tree construction, we observed that <em>TRHR2</em> has been lost in Nile tilapia. The cloned <em>tiTRHRs</em> were designated as <em>tiTRHR1a</em>, <em>tiTRHR1b</em>, and <em>tiTRHR3</em>. Using luciferase reporter assays, signal pathway inhibitors and western blot analysis, we demonstrated that tiTRH could effectively activate tiTRHR1a, tiTRHR1b, and tiTRHR3, leading to the stimulation of intracellular calcium mobilization, MAPK/ERK, and cAMP/PKA signaling cascades. However, the efficiencies in activating signaling pathways differed between tiTRHR subtypes upon tiTRH treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that <em>tiTRH</em> and <em>tiTRHRs</em> were mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) including the hypothalamus. Moreover, hypothalamic mRNA levels of <em>tiTRH</em> and <em>tiTRHR1b</em> were significantly downregulated in response to short-term fasting and acute cold exposure, while <em>tiTRHR1a</em> expression was only responsive to acute cold stress. Collectively, our data will facilitate a better understanding of the components and functions of the TRH-TRHR system in teleost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PACAP inhibits sepsis-associated acute lung injury by inhibiting the Sp1/AQP1 pathway","authors":"Zhuangzhi Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zhou ,&nbsp;Yufeng Li ,&nbsp;Liu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) represents a severe pathological state marked by uncontrolled inflammation, redox imbalance, and alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in a murine sepsis-ALI model. PACAP treatment notably ameliorated histological damage, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers, and mitigated inflammatory processes, including neutrophil accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Molecular analysis revealed PACAP-mediated downregulation of Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1), key regulators of alveolar fluid homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. Genetic Sp1 overexpression abrogated PACAP-induced AQP1 suppression, validating the Sp1/AQP1 signaling pathway as a critical mediator of PACAP’s protective effects. Additionally, in vitro MTT assays on RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrated that PACAP has low toxicity at biologically relevant levels. These findings demonstrate PACAP’s therapeutic promise for sepsis-ALI through modulation of the Sp1/AQP1 axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant production of isotope-labeled human α-defensin 5 via calmodulin fusion and insights into its expression enhancement","authors":"Shaonan Yan ,&nbsp;Hao Gu ,&nbsp;Mitsuki Shibagaki ,&nbsp;Jeremia Oktavian Chrisnanto ,&nbsp;Fumi Hirai ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kumeta ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kumaki ,&nbsp;Yuki Yokoi ,&nbsp;Kiminori Nakamura ,&nbsp;Takashi Kikukawa ,&nbsp;Tokiyoshi Ayabe ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Arai ,&nbsp;Tomoyasu Aizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human α-defensin 5 (HD5), a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide critical for intestinal innate immunity, has been extensively studied for its structural and functional properties. Both the reduced form (HD5red) and the oxidized form (HD5oxi) exist <em>in vivo</em> and exhibit distinct antimicrobial activity spectra. In this study, we developed an efficient method to overexpress recombinant HD5 in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) BL21 (DE3) strain by using calmodulin (CaM), which also interacts with antimicrobial peptides, as a fusion partner. Fusion expression suppressed the degradation of HD5 and reduced its toxicity to host cells. Following purification of the fusion protein and enzymatic cleavage to release the HD5 region, we successfully obtained sufficient amounts (yielding 1.5–1.7 mg/L culture) of active recombinant HD5oxi and HD5red for various applications, including stable isotope-labeled peptides for NMR analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effect of CaM fusion and the mechanism of disulfide bond formation using CD and NMR spectroscopy, structural prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results suggest that the appropriate interaction strength between CaM and the HD5 region in the fusion state is a key factor for stable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of galanin receptors 2 and 3 double-knockout on neuroinflammation and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury","authors":"Susanne M. Brunner ,&nbsp;Stefanie Gaisbauer ,&nbsp;Patrick N. Pallier ,&nbsp;Ping K. Yip ,&nbsp;Andrea Ramspacher ,&nbsp;Julia Leitner ,&nbsp;Felix Sternberg ,&nbsp;Christina Erhardt-Kreutzer ,&nbsp;Theresa Haslauer ,&nbsp;Sara Huber ,&nbsp;Lara Bieler ,&nbsp;Sebastien Couillard-Despres ,&nbsp;Barbara Kofler","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the world’s leading causes of death and disability in young individuals and the mechanism underlying TBI-associated neuroinflammation is poorly understood. The regulatory neuropeptide galanin (GAL) and its three receptors (GAL_1–3R) are assumed to modulate the neuroinflammatory response following TBI, especially by signalling via GAL₂R and GAL₃R. Therefore, the role of GALRs in acute neuroinflammation and functional recovery following moderate Controlled Cortical Impact TBI was studied using GAL_2/3R-double-KO (GAL_2/3R-KO) mice. Brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected at day 1 and 30 days post TBI. Functional recovery post TBI was assessed by the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Post TBI (day 1–28 post injury), neurological dysfunction was more severe in GAL_2/3R-KO mice than in WT mice. At 1 day post TBI, inflammatory markers and several nerve growth factors significantly increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere, compared to the contralateral hemisphere in both GAL_2/3R-KO and WT mice. At 4 days post surgery, TBI mice entered significantly more frequent the open-arms in the EPM compared to Sham-operated mice, suggestive of increased exploratory behaviour in TBI mice. At 30 days post TBI, immunostaining of brain sections revealed significant differences in vascularisation and glial scarring in the cortex when comparing TBI and Sham-operated mice, but genotypes were similar. In summary, the results indicate that GAL₂R and/or GAL₃R have a neuroprotective role following moderate TBI, as the severity was significantly lower in their presence than in their absence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2024","authors":"Richard J. Bodnar","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is the forty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2024 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical stretch improves high glucose-induced leptin resistance thus promoting glucose uptake of C2C12 myoblasts","authors":"Shaoting Fu ,&nbsp;Jin Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exercise has been shown to alleviate central leptin resistance (LR), while the effects of exercise on peripheral especially skeletal muscle LR and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanisms of mechanical stretch (mimic exercise in vitro) on high glucose-induced LR of C2C12 myoblasts. We found (1) 65 mM glucose-induced LR of C2C12 cells was improved by 15 % stretch lasting for 3 or 6 h (represented as decrease of leptin and increases of leptin receptor (LepR) and glucose uptake), with more glucose uptake in 6h-stretch than 3h-stretch; (2) 15 % stretch changed the levels of important regulators of LR, including increasing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), decreasing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), with higher alterations of STAT3 and SOCS3 in 6h-stretch than 3h-stretch; (3) 15 % stretch activated the classical pathway regulating glucose metabolism, including increasing the levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), enhancing activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, with more increases of IGF-1R and IRS1 in 6h-stretch than 3h-stretch and enhanced GLUT4 only in 6h-stretch. Altogether, 15 % stretch alleviated high glucose-induced LR of C2C12 myoblasts through increasing STAT3 and decreasing PTP1B and SOCS3, then enhancing glucose uptake via IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt-GLUT4 pathway, which would deepen our understanding how exercise improved skeletal muscle LR and subsequent glucose uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of central UAG on metabolic associated fatty liver disease: A possible mechanism involving in GLP-1 neural pathway","authors":"Wenxiu Xu ,&nbsp;Zixin Du ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yating Gong ,&nbsp;Jiantong Yu ,&nbsp;Xueyuying Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Sun ,&nbsp;Yanling Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to investigate the possible effect of central unacylated ghrelin (UAG) on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its underlying mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A high fat diet (HFD) was fed to rat to construct MAFLD model. UAG was administered via intra-cerebroventricular injection (ICV) and its effect on MAFLD was observed. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neural pathway was observed via FluoroGold (FG) retrograde tracking combined with immunofluorescence. To assess the involvement of the GLP-1 pathway, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) inhibitor Exendin (9−39) was injected prior to ICV of UAG.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICV administration of UAG significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver and liver injury in MAFLD rats which was partially attenuated by Exendin(9−39). Central UAG upregulated and activated GLP-1 neurons in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), and increased GLP-1 projections from NTS to paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), respectively. Consequently, GLP-1R in PVN and VTA was activated, resulting in decreased food intake and reward behavior, as well as increased hepatic insulin sensitivity via activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These changes downregulated key lipogenic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoAdesaturase-1 (SCD-1), thereby alleviating MAFLD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that central UAG might alleviate MAFLD by modulating GLP-1 neuronal pathway from NTS to PVN and VTA. Further studies are needed to identify the specific receptor for UAG and its potential interaction with GLP-1 or GLP-1R, which could provide direct evidence for the role of central UAG in regulating food intake and lipid metabolism in MAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurokinin B is a potential target for treating disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction","authors":"Feifan Wang ,&nbsp;Xia Jiang ,&nbsp;Zifeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang ,&nbsp;Yingchao Gao ,&nbsp;Haobo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The neurokinin-B (NKB)/neurokinin-3-receptor (NK3R) pathway is involved in the inflammatory response. However, its role in the disruption of intestine mucosal barrier during mechanical intestinal obstruction (IO) remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected serum samples from 30 mechanical IO patients and 30 healthy volunteers and measured the serum levels of NKB, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D‑lactate (D‑LA) by using ELISA. We subsequently used a mechanical IO mice model and intraperitoneally injected the mice with NKB (Senktide) and NK3R antagonist (NK3Ra). We used the ELISA to measure the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, LPS, DAO, and D-LA serum concentrations in the mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe structural changes in the intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum NKB (75.36 ± 28.67 pg/mL <em>vs.</em> 44.95 ± 16.92 pg/mL) and LPS (7.38 ± 3.63 μg/mL <em>vs.</em> 4.50 ± 2.94 μg/mL) levels were higher in mechanical IO patients than in control people (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). We found a positive correlation between serum NKB and LPS levels in mechanical IO patients. The serum LPS concentration in the IO+NKB mice was greater than that in the IO mice (<em>P</em> = 0.001). After the use of NK3Ra, the serum LPS, DAO and D-LA levels decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). H&amp;E staining indicated that the intestinal mucosal epithelial structure was severely damaged, including lamina propria hemorrhage, atrophied villi, and inflammatory cell infiltration in IO+NKB mice. TEM revealed that the junctional complexes between epithelial cells were disrupted and absent in the IO+NKB mice. Compared with those in the IO mice, the expression levels of claudin-1 and occludin in intestinal tissues were lower in the IO+NKB mice. However, the intraperitoneal injection of NK3Ra attenuated the damage to tight junction proteins and the intestinal mucosal structure caused by NKB. Additionally, we observed that the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the IO+NK3Ra mice were lower than those in the IO mice (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NKB might increase the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α by acting on the NK3 receptor, promoting intestinal inflammation, and subsequently destroying the intestinal mucosal barrier during mechanical IO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 171419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma angiotensinogen is associated with higher 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure independently of plasma angiotensin II in obese men","authors":"Camilla L. Asferg ,&nbsp;Ulrik B. Andersen ,&nbsp;Jørgen L. Jeppesen","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of liver-targeted antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering ribonucleic acids that inhibit hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis has led to renewed interest in the role of angiotensinogen in hypertension. Therefore, we decided to do further angiotensinogen analyses in a hypertension research program, where we found that obese hypertensive men, given their high salt intake and high 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), had higher than expected renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) activity. In a cross-sectional study, we examined 64 newly diagnosed treatment-naïve obese hypertension men (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m², 24-hour systolic ABP ≥ 130 mm Hg and/or 24-hour diastolic ABP ≥ 80 mm Hg), and 40 obese normotensive men (BMI ≥30 mg/m², 24-hour systolic ABP &lt;130 and 24-hour diastolic ABP &lt;80 mm Hg). Blood for biochemical evaluation of the RAS was drawn after 60 minutes rest in the supine position. We applied multiple linear regression analysis to explore independent associations. The obese hypertensive men had a higher mean fasting plasma concentration of angiotensinogen than the obese normotensive men (970.4 ± 214.3 nmol/L versus 868.4 ± 173.0 nmol/L, <em>P</em> = 0.013). Adjusted for age and angiotensin II, angiotensinogen was significantly associated with 24-hour systolic ABP (regression coefficient±standard error (mm Hg/100 nmol/L angiotensinogen): 1.8 ± 0.6, <em>P</em> = 0.006), 24-hour diastolic ABP (0.8 ± 0.3, <em>P</em> = 0.021), and 24-hour pulse pressure (1.0 ± 0.4, <em>P</em> = 0.028). Thus, plasma angiotensinogen was associated with higher 24-hour ABPs independently of plasma angiotensin II in obese men. However, further studies are warranted to determine whether angiotensinogen is only a risk marker of high BP or has BP raising effects independent of angiotensin II.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 171410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spexin is a biomarker of the process that regulates leptin sensitivity","authors":"Mohamed Badie Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdella M. Habib ,&nbsp;Saif Badran ,&nbsp;Abeer Alsherawi ,&nbsp;Asma Syed ,&nbsp;Hoda Khoogaly ,&nbsp;Atalla Hammouda ,&nbsp;Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra ,&nbsp;Suhail A. Doi","doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prevalence of obesity poses a critical threat to global health, prompting an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to delve into the relationship between obesity, leptin sensitivity, and gut hormones, focusing on spexin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). We examined patients undergoing body contouring surgeries to assess how these hormones and leptin interact. Blood samples were collected at three different time points, and hormone levels were analyzed. Our findings indicated that increases in GLP-1 and decreases in GIP correlated with improved leptin sensitivity, indicated by decreased plasma leptin levels and associated with increase in steepness of the plasma leptin-spexin slope. These results suggest that spexin may serve as a biomarker for leptin sensitivity, the latter influenced by gut hormones in obese individuals. The study provides further evidence that the modulation of leptin sensitivity by gut hormones could be key in addressing obesity and its metabolic consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19765,"journal":{"name":"Peptides","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 171416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}