Pub Date : 1997-07-22DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660247
C. Dyer, P. Truscott, L. Evans, J. Trombka
Predictions have been made of the cosmic-ray induced radioactivity in germanium, bismuth germanate and sodium iodide and are compared with data obtained from the Mars Observer and Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous missions. The energies of the dominant line features are well predicted. Quantitative comparisons have been made for the germanium detector on Mars Observer and predictions based on spallation by primaries are generally in agreement, with observations to better than a factor of two. Pre-flight predictions are presented for the bismuth germanate detector on the Lunar Prospector mission.
{"title":"Comparison between predictions and observations of induced radioactive background in interplanetary missions","authors":"C. Dyer, P. Truscott, L. Evans, J. Trombka","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660247","url":null,"abstract":"Predictions have been made of the cosmic-ray induced radioactivity in germanium, bismuth germanate and sodium iodide and are compared with data obtained from the Mars Observer and Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous missions. The energies of the dominant line features are well predicted. Quantitative comparisons have been made for the germanium detector on Mars Observer and predictions based on spallation by primaries are generally in agreement, with observations to better than a factor of two. Pre-flight predictions are presented for the bismuth germanate detector on the Lunar Prospector mission.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"17 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114131516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-22DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660251
J. Ryan, D. Holslin, J. Macri, M. McConnell, C. Wunderer
SONTRAC will measure 20-250 MeV neutrons from solar flares using scintillator fibers viewed by CCD cameras to track neutron-proton scatters. SONTRAC can also be used to track gamma rays above 20 MeV. Veto shields are used to reject all charged particles. Gamma-ray and neutron events have very different track densities, allowing discrimination between the two. Double neutron-proton scatters allow unambiguous determination of the incident neutron energy and direction. Therefore, SONTRAC is capable of rejecting almost all background except neutrons from the solar direction. SONTRAC would have detected the June 15, 1991 flare with 42/spl sigma/ for 20-100 MeV neutrons, having an effective area of 17 cm/sup 2/ in that energy range. The authors present SONTRAC prototype performance results both for neutrons at threshold energy and for cosmic-ray muons.
{"title":"SONTRAC-a low background, large area solar neutron spectrometer","authors":"J. Ryan, D. Holslin, J. Macri, M. McConnell, C. Wunderer","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660251","url":null,"abstract":"SONTRAC will measure 20-250 MeV neutrons from solar flares using scintillator fibers viewed by CCD cameras to track neutron-proton scatters. SONTRAC can also be used to track gamma rays above 20 MeV. Veto shields are used to reject all charged particles. Gamma-ray and neutron events have very different track densities, allowing discrimination between the two. Double neutron-proton scatters allow unambiguous determination of the incident neutron energy and direction. Therefore, SONTRAC is capable of rejecting almost all background except neutrons from the solar direction. SONTRAC would have detected the June 15, 1991 flare with 42/spl sigma/ for 20-100 MeV neutrons, having an effective area of 17 cm/sup 2/ in that energy range. The authors present SONTRAC prototype performance results both for neutrons at threshold energy and for cosmic-ray muons.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-22DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660255
P. Clark, S. Floyd, J. Trombka
A proportional counter with a special mask/filter (SMPC) designed to measure solar output from 1 to 10 keV and to enhance sensitivity at higher energies where the solar flux is lower, as well as an experimental Si PIN detector (SMPN) are being used to measure solar flux on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission. The complimentary nature of their performances is considered.
{"title":"The effectiveness of the proportional counter as a solar X-ray monitor on the NEAR mission","authors":"P. Clark, S. Floyd, J. Trombka","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660255","url":null,"abstract":"A proportional counter with a special mask/filter (SMPC) designed to measure solar output from 1 to 10 keV and to enhance sensitivity at higher energies where the solar flux is lower, as well as an experimental Si PIN detector (SMPN) are being used to measure solar flux on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission. The complimentary nature of their performances is considered.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130103338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-22DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660246
G. Lasche, R. Coldwell, J. Nobel, A. C. Rester, J. Trombka
An advanced derivative of ROBFIT spectral analysis software is tested for its ability to fit spectra from space. The approach, which emphasizes the background shape function, is uniquely suited to the identification of weak-strength nuclides in high-radiation environments, and for analyses in which a suitable off-source background spectrum may not be available. Compared to earlier analysis using on-source/off-source subtraction, all data from SN 1987A were combined and reanalyzed with significant improvement in results.
{"title":"Spectral analysis in high radiation space backgrounds with robust fitting","authors":"G. Lasche, R. Coldwell, J. Nobel, A. C. Rester, J. Trombka","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660246","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced derivative of ROBFIT spectral analysis software is tested for its ability to fit spectra from space. The approach, which emphasizes the background shape function, is uniquely suited to the identification of weak-strength nuclides in high-radiation environments, and for analyses in which a suitable off-source background spectrum may not be available. Compared to earlier analysis using on-source/off-source subtraction, all data from SN 1987A were combined and reanalyzed with significant improvement in results.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-22DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660252
M. Schieber, A. Zuck, M. Braiman, L. Melekhov, J. Nissenbaum, R. Turchett, W. Duliński, D. Husson, J. Riester
Radiation detectors have been fabricated from very thick films (100-600 /spl mu/m) of mercuric iodide (HgI/sub 2/). These devices, which function as nuclear particle counters and not as spectrometers, have been prepared with single continuous electrical contacts, linear microstrips and square pixel contacts. The word ceramic is used to distinguish the detectors from single crystals which are usually studied for this application. The detectors have been tested with different kinds of gamma and beta sources as well as in a high energy beam of 100 GeV muons at CERN. The presented results show the potential of this material for applications demanding position sensitive, radiation resistant, room-temperature operating radiation detectors, where position rather than spectroscopic resolution is essential, as it can be found in some specific applications in high energy physics, nuclear medicine and astrophysics. Because of the low cost and of the polycrystallinity, detectors can be potentially fabricated in any size and shape, using standard ceramic technology shaping equipment, which is an attractive feature where low cost and large area applications are needed.
{"title":"Ceramic mercuric iodide semiconductor particle counters","authors":"M. Schieber, A. Zuck, M. Braiman, L. Melekhov, J. Nissenbaum, R. Turchett, W. Duliński, D. Husson, J. Riester","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660252","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation detectors have been fabricated from very thick films (100-600 /spl mu/m) of mercuric iodide (HgI/sub 2/). These devices, which function as nuclear particle counters and not as spectrometers, have been prepared with single continuous electrical contacts, linear microstrips and square pixel contacts. The word ceramic is used to distinguish the detectors from single crystals which are usually studied for this application. The detectors have been tested with different kinds of gamma and beta sources as well as in a high energy beam of 100 GeV muons at CERN. The presented results show the potential of this material for applications demanding position sensitive, radiation resistant, room-temperature operating radiation detectors, where position rather than spectroscopic resolution is essential, as it can be found in some specific applications in high energy physics, nuclear medicine and astrophysics. Because of the low cost and of the polycrystallinity, detectors can be potentially fabricated in any size and shape, using standard ceramic technology shaping equipment, which is an attractive feature where low cost and large area applications are needed.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131802353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660219
T. W. Armstrong, B. L. Colborn, K. Dietz, S. O’Dell, M. Weisskopf
X-ray detector backgrounds expected for the planned AXAF mission due to the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton environment have been determined by detailed Monte Carlo simulations. The predicted GCR-induced prompt and activation backgrounds are about 0.03 and 0.02 counts/cm/sup 2/-s, respectively which are small compared to signal strengths expected for planned AXAF observation scenarios.
{"title":"AXAF detector backgrounds produced by cosmic ray protons","authors":"T. W. Armstrong, B. L. Colborn, K. Dietz, S. O’Dell, M. Weisskopf","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660219","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray detector backgrounds expected for the planned AXAF mission due to the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton environment have been determined by detailed Monte Carlo simulations. The predicted GCR-induced prompt and activation backgrounds are about 0.03 and 0.02 counts/cm/sup 2/-s, respectively which are small compared to signal strengths expected for planned AXAF observation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115431564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-01DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660262
V. Dmitrenko, A. Galper, V. Gratchev, V. G. Kirillov-Ugryumov, S. Krivov, A. Moiseev, S. Ulin, Z. Uteshev, K. Vlasik, Y. Yurkin
Gamma-ray background measurements on board the Russian orbital stations Salyut-6, Salyut-7, Mir, Soyuz and Progress have been carried out since 1979. The dependencies of background intensity on mission mass, telescope orientation, and cut-off rigidity are presented for the energy intervals 0.1-8 MeV and 30-600 MeV. The background from man-made sources on board these spacecraft was investigated.
{"title":"Gamma-radiation background on board Russian orbital stations","authors":"V. Dmitrenko, A. Galper, V. Gratchev, V. G. Kirillov-Ugryumov, S. Krivov, A. Moiseev, S. Ulin, Z. Uteshev, K. Vlasik, Y. Yurkin","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660262","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-ray background measurements on board the Russian orbital stations Salyut-6, Salyut-7, Mir, Soyuz and Progress have been carried out since 1979. The dependencies of background intensity on mission mass, telescope orientation, and cut-off rigidity are presented for the energy intervals 0.1-8 MeV and 30-600 MeV. The background from man-made sources on board these spacecraft was investigated.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123158502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-15DOI: 10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660261
A. Vampola, M. Lauriente
This work demonstrates that spurious effects, such as SEUs, anomalies, and enhanced noise in shielded sensors, can be used as proxy data sets to evaluate AP8 at low altitude, to provide corrections to it, and to indicate the energy of the protons that are producing the background effect. The approach is to use a 2-D (longitude and latitude) cross-correlation between the background data set and the current-epoch AP8 predicted fluxes. The correlation is done as a function of proton energy and satellite altitude. The technique can be used to determine the energy of the particle that is producing a particular effect. This cross-correlation technique shows that using APS with a present-epoch magnetic field model accurately predicts the present location of the South Atlantic Anomaly proton flux enhancement at the TOPEX altitude (/spl sim/1300 km), and furthermore, lower altitude cross-correlations using COBE data show that a dual-peaked intensity structure above 100 MeV in AP8 is an artifact of the model and its interpolation routines; only a single peak is actually present in the particle distribution in space.
{"title":"Using cross-correlations of SEUs and AP8 as a diagnostic tool","authors":"A. Vampola, M. Lauriente","doi":"10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CHERBS.1997.660261","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates that spurious effects, such as SEUs, anomalies, and enhanced noise in shielded sensors, can be used as proxy data sets to evaluate AP8 at low altitude, to provide corrections to it, and to indicate the energy of the protons that are producing the background effect. The approach is to use a 2-D (longitude and latitude) cross-correlation between the background data set and the current-epoch AP8 predicted fluxes. The correlation is done as a function of proton energy and satellite altitude. The technique can be used to determine the energy of the particle that is producing a particular effect. This cross-correlation technique shows that using APS with a present-epoch magnetic field model accurately predicts the present location of the South Atlantic Anomaly proton flux enhancement at the TOPEX altitude (/spl sim/1300 km), and furthermore, lower altitude cross-correlations using COBE data show that a dual-peaked intensity structure above 100 MeV in AP8 is an artifact of the model and its interpolation routines; only a single peak is actually present in the particle distribution in space.","PeriodicalId":197895,"journal":{"name":"Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space. Workshop Record","volume":"311 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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