C. F. M. Magalhães, A. Atman, G. Combe, J. Moreira
We present a molecular dynamics study of the jamming/unjamming transition in two-dimensional granular piles with open boundaries. The grains are modeled by viscoelastic forces, Coulomb friction and resistance to rolling. Two models for the rolling resistance interaction were assessed: one considers a constant rolling friction coefficient, and the other one a strain dependent coefficient. The piles are grown on a finite size substrate and subsequently discharged through an orifice opened at the center of the substrate. Varying the orifice width and taking the final height of the pile after the discharge as the order parameter, one can devise a transition from a jammed regime (when the grain flux is always clogged by an arch) to a catastrophic regime, in which the pile is completely destroyed by an avalanche as large as the system size. A finite size analysis shows that there is a finite orifice width associated with the threshold for the unjamming transition, no matter the model used for the microscopic interactions. As expected, the value of this threshold width increases when rolling resistance is considered, and it depends on the model used for the rolling friction. Received: 14 June 2014, Accepted: 7 October 2014; Reviewed by: R. Arevalo, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Edited by: L. A. Pugnaloni; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060007 Cite as: C F M. Magalhaes, A P F Atman, G Combe, J G Moreira, Papers in Physics 6, 060007 (2014)
本文研究了具有开放边界的二维颗粒桩中干扰/解干扰过渡的分子动力学问题。用粘弹性力、库仑摩擦和滚动阻力对晶粒进行了建模。评估了滚动阻力相互作用的两种模型:一种考虑恒定的滚动摩擦系数，另一种考虑应变依赖系数。桩在有限尺寸的基板上生长，随后通过在基板中心打开的孔排出。改变孔口宽度，并以放电后桩的最终高度作为序参量，可以设计出从堵塞状态(当颗粒通量总是被拱阻塞时)到灾难性状态的过渡，在这种状态下，桩被与系统大小相同的雪崩完全摧毁。有限尺寸分析表明，无论微观相互作用采用何种模型，都存在一个有限的孔口宽度与脱阻过渡阈值相关。正如预期的那样，当考虑滚动阻力时，该阈值宽度的值增加，并且取决于用于滚动摩擦的模型。收稿日期:2014年6月14日，收稿日期:2014年10月7日;评审:R. Arevalo，新加坡南洋理工大学物理与数学科学学院;编辑:L. A. Pugnaloni;引用本文:C F M. Magalhaes, A P F Atman, G Combe, J G Moreira, Papers in Physics 6, 060007 (2014)
{"title":"Jamming transition in a two-dimensional open granular pile with rolling resistance","authors":"C. F. M. Magalhães, A. Atman, G. Combe, J. Moreira","doi":"10.4279/PIP.060007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060007","url":null,"abstract":"We present a molecular dynamics study of the jamming/unjamming transition in two-dimensional granular piles with open boundaries. The grains are modeled by viscoelastic forces, Coulomb friction and resistance to rolling. Two models for the rolling resistance interaction were assessed: one considers a constant rolling friction coefficient, and the other one a strain dependent coefficient. The piles are grown on a finite size substrate and subsequently discharged through an orifice opened at the center of the substrate. Varying the orifice width and taking the final height of the pile after the discharge as the order parameter, one can devise a transition from a jammed regime (when the grain flux is always clogged by an arch) to a catastrophic regime, in which the pile is completely destroyed by an avalanche as large as the system size. A finite size analysis shows that there is a finite orifice width associated with the threshold for the unjamming transition, no matter the model used for the microscopic interactions. As expected, the value of this threshold width increases when rolling resistance is considered, and it depends on the model used for the rolling friction. Received: 14 June 2014, Accepted: 7 October 2014; Reviewed by: R. Arevalo, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Edited by: L. A. Pugnaloni; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060007 Cite as: C F M. Magalhaes, A P F Atman, G Combe, J G Moreira, Papers in Physics 6, 060007 (2014)","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"060007-060007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71009787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Commentary on the paper by A Chacoma and D H Zanette [Pap. Phys. 6, 060003 (2014)]. The author of the paper offers a Reply. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060004 Cite as: F Bagnoli, Papers in Physics 6, 060004 (2014)
对A Chacoma和D H Zanette论文的评论[p]。物理学报，2017,06 - 01 [j]。论文的作者给出了一个答复。收稿日期:2014年8月3日，收稿日期:2014年8月3日;编辑:G. Martinez Mekler;引用出处:F Bagnoli, Papers in Physics 6, 060004 (2014)
{"title":"Commentary on \"Critical phenomena in the spreading of opinion consensus and disagreement\"","authors":"F. Bagnoli","doi":"10.4279/PIP.060004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060004","url":null,"abstract":"A Commentary on the paper by A Chacoma and D H Zanette [Pap. Phys. 6, 060003 (2014)]. The author of the paper offers a Reply. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060004 Cite as: F Bagnoli, Papers in Physics 6, 060004 (2014)","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"060004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71009839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Reply to the Commentary by F. Bagnoli [Pap. Phys. 6, 060004 (20014)]. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060005 Cite as: A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060005 (2014)
对F. Bagnoli评论的答复[Pap]。物理学报，2004,16(2)。收稿日期:2014年8月3日，收稿日期:2014年8月3日;编辑:G. Martinez Mekler;引用全文:A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060005 (2014)
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We consider a class of models of opinion formation where the dissemination of individual opinions occurs through the spreading of local consensus and disagreement. We study the emergence of full collective consensus or maximal disagreement in one- and two-dimensional arrays. In both cases, the probability of reaching full consensus exhibits well-defined scaling properties as a function of the system size. Two-dimensional systems, in particular, possess nontrivial exponents and critical points. The dynamical rules of our models, which emphasize the interaction between small groups of agents, should be considered as complementary to the imitation mechanisms of traditional opinion dynamics. Received: 11 March 2014, Accepted: 1 August 2014; Reviewed by: F. Bagnoli, Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060003 Cite as: A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060003 (2014)
我们考虑了一类意见形成模型，其中个人意见的传播是通过局部共识和分歧的传播发生的。我们研究了在一维和二维数组中完全集体共识或最大分歧的出现。在这两种情况下，达成完全共识的概率表现出定义良好的缩放特性，作为系统大小的函数。特别是二维系统，具有非平凡指数和临界点。我们的模型的动态规则，强调小群体之间的相互作用，应该被认为是传统意见动态模仿机制的补充。收稿日期:2014年3月11日，收稿日期:2014年8月1日;审校:F. Bagnoli，意大利佛罗伦萨大学天文学系;编辑:G. Martinez Mekler;引用全文:A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060003 (2014)
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Synchrotron radiation at 10 keV was used to experimentally determine the Ll, L, LI, LII, LI and LII fluorescence cross sections for elements with 45 < Z < 50, as part of an ongoing investigation at low energies. The measured data were compared with calculated values obtained using coefficients from Scofield, Krause and Puri et al. Received: 19 December 2013, Accepted: 20 January 2014; Reviewed by: J. P. Marques, Departamento de Fisica, Centro de Fisica Atomica, Fac. de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. ; Edited by: P. Weck; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060001 Cite as: E V Bonzi, G B Grad, R A Barrea, Papers in Physics 6, 060001 (2014)
利用10 keV同步辐射实验测定了45 < Z < 50元素的Ll, L, LI, LII, LI和LII荧光截面，作为正在进行的低能研究的一部分。测量数据与使用Scofield, Krause和Puri等人的系数获得的计算值进行比较。收稿日期:2013年12月19日，收稿日期:2014年1月20日;审评人:j.p.m arques，法国核工业中心核工业部。de Ciencias，里斯本大学，葡萄牙。;编辑:P. Weck;引用全文:E V Bonzi, G B Grad, R A Barrea, Papers in Physics 6, 060001 (2014)
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Recently, a variational approach has been introduced for the paradigmatic Kardar{Parisi{ Zhang (KPZ) equation. Here we review that approach, together with the functional Taylor expansion that the KPZ nonequilibrium potential (NEP) admits. Such expansion becomes naturally truncated at third order, giving rise to a nonlinear stochastic partial dierential equation to be regarded as a gradient-ow counterpart to the KPZ equation. A dynamic renormalization group analysis at one-loop order of this new mesoscopic model yields the KPZ scaling relation +z = 2, as a consequence of the exact cancelation of the dierent contributions to vertex renormalization. This result is quite remarkable, considering the lower degree of symmetry of this equation, which is in particular not Galilean invariant. In addition, this scheme is exploited to inquire about the dynamical behavior of the KPZ equation through a path-integral approach. Each of these aspects oers novel points of view and sheds light on particular aspects of the dynamics of the KPZ equation.
{"title":"Invited review: KPZ. Recent developments via a variational formulation","authors":"H. Wio, R. Deza, C. Escudero, J. Revelli","doi":"10.4279/PIP.050010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050010","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a variational approach has been introduced for the paradigmatic Kardar{Parisi{ Zhang (KPZ) equation. Here we review that approach, together with the functional Taylor expansion that the KPZ nonequilibrium potential (NEP) admits. Such expansion becomes naturally truncated at third order, giving rise to a nonlinear stochastic partial dierential equation to be regarded as a gradient-ow counterpart to the KPZ equation. A dynamic renormalization group analysis at one-loop order of this new mesoscopic model yields the KPZ scaling relation +z = 2, as a consequence of the exact cancelation of the dierent contributions to vertex renormalization. This result is quite remarkable, considering the lower degree of symmetry of this equation, which is in particular not Galilean invariant. In addition, this scheme is exploited to inquire about the dynamical behavior of the KPZ equation through a path-integral approach. Each of these aspects oers novel points of view and sheds light on particular aspects of the dynamics of the KPZ equation.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"050010-050010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nearly all living organisms, including some bacterial species, exhibit biological processes with a period of about 24 h called circadian (from the Latin circa , about and dies , day) rhythms. These rhythms allow living organisms to anticipate the daily alternation of light and darkness. Experiments carried out in cyanobacteria have shown the adaptive value of circadian clocks. In theseexperiments, a wild type cyanobacterial strain (with a 24 h circadian rhythm) and a mutantstrain (with a longer or shorter period) grow in competition. In different experiments, the external light dark cycle was chosen to match the circadian period of the different strains, revealing that the strain whose circadian period matches the light-dark cycle has a larger fitness. As a consequence, the initial population of one strain grows while the other decays. These experiments were made under fixed light and dark intervals. In Nature, however, this relationship changes according to the season. Therefore, seasonalchanges in light could affect the results of the competition. Using a theoretical model, we analyze how modulation of light can change the survival of the different cyanobacterial strains. Our results show that there is a clear shift in the competition due to the modulation of light, which could be verified experimentally. Received: 20 Novembre 2014, Accepted: 29 March 2015; Edited by: C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070005 Cite as: G Cascallares, P M Gleiser, Papers in Physics 7, 070005 (2015) This paper, by G. Cascallares, P. M. Gleiser , is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 .
几乎所有的生物体，包括一些细菌物种，都表现出以24小时为周期的生物过程，称为昼夜节律(来自拉丁语circa，大约和死亡，天)节律。这些节律使生物体能够预测每天的明暗交替。在蓝藻中进行的实验显示了生物钟的适应价值。在这些实验中，一种野生型蓝藻菌株(24小时昼夜节律)和一种突变菌株(更长或更短的周期)在竞争中生长。在不同的实验中，选择外部光暗周期来匹配不同菌株的昼夜周期，发现昼夜周期匹配的菌株具有更大的适应度。结果，一种菌株的初始种群增长，而另一种则衰减。这些实验是在固定的明暗间隔下进行的。然而，在自然界中，这种关系随着季节的变化而变化。因此，光照的季节性变化可能会影响比赛的结果。利用理论模型，我们分析了光的调制如何改变不同蓝藻菌株的生存。我们的研究结果表明，由于光的调制，竞争发生了明显的变化，这可以通过实验来验证。收稿日期:2014年11月20日，收稿日期:2015年3月29日;编辑:C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona;本文由G. Cascallares, P. M. Gleiser撰写，采用知识共享署名许可3.0协议。
{"title":"What season suits you best? Seasonal light changes and cyanobacterial competition","authors":"Guadalupe Cascallares, P. M. Gleiser","doi":"10.4279/PIP.070005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070005","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly all living organisms, including some bacterial species, exhibit biological processes with a period of about 24 h called circadian (from the Latin circa , about and dies , day) rhythms. These rhythms allow living organisms to anticipate the daily alternation of light and darkness. Experiments carried out in cyanobacteria have shown the adaptive value of circadian clocks. In theseexperiments, a wild type cyanobacterial strain (with a 24 h circadian rhythm) and a mutantstrain (with a longer or shorter period) grow in competition. In different experiments, the external light dark cycle was chosen to match the circadian period of the different strains, revealing that the strain whose circadian period matches the light-dark cycle has a larger fitness. As a consequence, the initial population of one strain grows while the other decays. These experiments were made under fixed light and dark intervals. In Nature, however, this relationship changes according to the season. Therefore, seasonalchanges in light could affect the results of the competition. Using a theoretical model, we analyze how modulation of light can change the survival of the different cyanobacterial strains. Our results show that there is a clear shift in the competition due to the modulation of light, which could be verified experimentally. Received: 20 Novembre 2014, Accepted: 29 March 2015; Edited by: C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070005 Cite as: G Cascallares, P M Gleiser, Papers in Physics 7, 070005 (2015) This paper, by G. Cascallares, P. M. Gleiser , is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 .","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"070005-070005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Reply to the Commentary by E. M. Forgan [Pap. Phys. 5, 050008 (20013)]. Received: 30 October 2013, Accepted: 4 November 2013; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/ 10.4279/PIP.050009 Cite as: P. Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5, 050009 (2013)
{"title":"Reply to the Commentary on Graphite and its hidden superconductivity\"","authors":"P. Esquinazi","doi":"10.4279/PIP.050009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050009","url":null,"abstract":"A Reply to the Commentary by E. M. Forgan [Pap. Phys. 5, 050008 (20013)]. Received: 30 October 2013, Accepted: 4 November 2013; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/ 10.4279/PIP.050009 Cite as: P. Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5, 050009 (2013)","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"050009-050009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2013-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We review experimental results, from transport to magnetization measurements, on different graphite samples, from bulk oriented graphite, thin graphite films to transmission electron microscope lamellae, that indicate the existence of granular superconductivity at temperatures above 100~K. The accumulated evidence speaks for a localization of the superconducting phase(s) at certain interfaces embedded in semiconducting crystalline regions with Bernal stacking order. Received: 25 January 2013, Accepted: 10 October 2013; Reviewed by: E. M. Forgan, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, U.K.; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050007 Cite as: P Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5, 050007 (2013)
我们回顾了不同石墨样品的实验结果，从输运到磁化测量，从块取向石墨，石墨薄膜到透射电镜片，表明在100~K以上的温度下存在颗粒超导性。积累的证据表明，超导相在半导体晶体区域的某些界面上具有伯纳尔堆叠顺序。收稿日期:2013年1月25日，收稿日期:2013年10月10日;评审人:e.m. Forgan，英国伯明翰大学物理与天文学院;编辑:S. A. Grigera;引用出处:P Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5,050007 (2013)
{"title":"Invited review: Graphite and its hidden superconductivity","authors":"P. Esquinazi","doi":"10.4279/PIP.050007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050007","url":null,"abstract":"We review experimental results, from transport to magnetization measurements, on different graphite samples, from bulk oriented graphite, thin graphite films to transmission electron microscope lamellae, that indicate the existence of granular superconductivity at temperatures above 100~K. The accumulated evidence speaks for a localization of the superconducting phase(s) at certain interfaces embedded in semiconducting crystalline regions with Bernal stacking order. Received: 25 January 2013, Accepted: 10 October 2013; Reviewed by: E. M. Forgan, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, U.K.; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050007 Cite as: P Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5, 050007 (2013)","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"050007-050007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2013-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71010121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Commentary on the paper by P. Esquinazi [Pap. Phys. 5, 050007 (2013)]. The author of the paper offers a Reply. Received: 10 October 2013,, Accepted: 4 November 2013; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4279/PIP.050008
对P. Esquinazi论文的评论[P.]。物理学报，5(2013)。论文的作者给出了一个答复。收稿日期:2013年10月10日;收稿日期:2013年11月4日;编辑:S. A. Grigera;DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4279/PIP.050008
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