Federico Andelsman, Sergio Masuelli, Francisco Tamarit
The study of precipitation is one of the most intriguing areas in atmospheric sciences, with significant implications for our daily lives and climate change projections. This paper explores the estimation of rainfall trends in South American regions using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The study focuses on the application of Cloud-Net, a CNN-based model with a format similar to an autoencoder, to obtain qualitative estimates of precipitation patterns. The employed loss functions, Categorical Cross Entropy and Categorical Focal Loss, address the challenges of classifying minority categories in unbalanced data. Regional analysis was conducted, identifying days with high rainfall intensity and the predominant intensities in 25 regions. The CNN model’s performance was compared with the XGBoost algorithm, showing excellent results for extreme rainfall categories and challenging intermediate categories. Furthermore, a comparison was made with Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) data and ground measurements from rain gauges. While the CNN model provided a valuable qualitative estimate of precipitation trends, achieving precise quantitative estimation would require an extensive data set of in-situ measurements. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of CNNs for estimating rainfall trends and understanding precipitation patterns in South American regions. The findings offer valuable insights for further applications in meteorology and environmental studies.
{"title":"Detection and classification of rainfall in South America using satellite images and machine learning techniques","authors":"Federico Andelsman, Sergio Masuelli, Francisco Tamarit","doi":"10.4279/pip.150006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150006","url":null,"abstract":"The study of precipitation is one of the most intriguing areas in atmospheric sciences, with significant implications for our daily lives and climate change projections. This paper explores the estimation of rainfall trends in South American regions using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The study focuses on the application of Cloud-Net, a CNN-based model with a format similar to an autoencoder, to obtain qualitative estimates of precipitation patterns. The employed loss functions, Categorical Cross Entropy and Categorical Focal Loss, address the challenges of classifying minority categories in unbalanced data. Regional analysis was conducted, identifying days with high rainfall intensity and the predominant intensities in 25 regions. The CNN model’s performance was compared with the XGBoost algorithm, showing excellent results for extreme rainfall categories and challenging intermediate categories. Furthermore, a comparison was made with Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) data and ground measurements from rain gauges. While the CNN model provided a valuable qualitative estimate of precipitation trends, achieving precise quantitative estimation would require an extensive data set of in-situ measurements. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of CNNs for estimating rainfall trends and understanding precipitation patterns in South American regions. The findings offer valuable insights for further applications in meteorology and environmental studies.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Salam, I. Hossain, H. H. Kassim, Ahmed Saleh, A. H. H. Alghanmi, F. I. Sharrad, N. Aldahan
In this study, we applied the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-I) to compute the electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2)(downarrow) of even-even neutron rich (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars. The ratio (R_{4/2} = E(4_{1}^{+}) / E(2_{1}^{+})) has also been calculated for those isobars and the SU(3) symmetry for those isobars has been reported. (E(4_{1}^{+})) and (E(2_{1}^{+})) indicate the energy level of (4_{1}^{+}) and (2_{1}^{+}), respectively. We have described the strength of B(E2) in W.u. for (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in contrast to obtainable measured data. The electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2)(downarrow) from yrast state gamma transition from (12_1^{+} rightarrow 10_1^{+}), (10_1^{+} rightarrow 8_1^{+}), (8_1^{+} rightarrow 6_1^{+}), (6_1^{+} rightarrow 4_1^{+}), (4_1^{+} rightarrow 2_1^{+}) and (2_1^{+} rightarrow 0_1^{+}) and other bands states and B(E2) ratio of (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars have been compared with obtainable measured data and other previous studies. Also calculated were the systematic strength of B(E2), intrinsic quadrupole moments, and deformation parameters of even-even (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars. The data from these calculations are in good matching with the obtainable measured data. The IBM-I model for the strength of B(E2) has been systematically deduced in SU(3) limit for a few yrasts states transitions in (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars.
{"title":"Electric reduced transition probabilities of (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars through the interacting boson model-I","authors":"A. Salam, I. Hossain, H. H. Kassim, Ahmed Saleh, A. H. H. Alghanmi, F. I. Sharrad, N. Aldahan","doi":"10.4279/pip.150005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we applied the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-I) to compute the electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2)(downarrow) of even-even neutron rich (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars. The ratio (R_{4/2} = E(4_{1}^{+}) / E(2_{1}^{+})) has also been calculated for those isobars and the SU(3) symmetry for those isobars has been reported. (E(4_{1}^{+})) and (E(2_{1}^{+})) indicate the energy level of (4_{1}^{+}) and (2_{1}^{+}), respectively. We have described the strength of B(E2) in W.u. for (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in contrast to obtainable measured data. The electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2)(downarrow) from yrast state gamma transition from (12_1^{+} rightarrow 10_1^{+}), (10_1^{+} rightarrow 8_1^{+}), (8_1^{+} rightarrow 6_1^{+}), (6_1^{+} rightarrow 4_1^{+}), (4_1^{+} rightarrow 2_1^{+}) and (2_1^{+} rightarrow 0_1^{+}) and other bands states and B(E2) ratio of (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars have been compared with obtainable measured data and other previous studies. Also calculated were the systematic strength of B(E2), intrinsic quadrupole moments, and deformation parameters of even-even (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars. The data from these calculations are in good matching with the obtainable measured data. The IBM-I model for the strength of B(E2) has been systematically deduced in SU(3) limit for a few yrasts states transitions in (^{186}text{W}) and (^{186}text{Os}) isobars.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Eduardo Martínez-Núñez, Y Delgado-Beleño, M Cortez-Valadez, O Rocha-Rocha, Ramón A B Alvarez, M Flores-Acosta
Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the electronic and vibrational properties of the chemical bond between the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and (CuO)n clusters. After chemical adsorption, the HOMO orbitals of PCBM primarily shifted towards (CuO)n, leading to a noticeable reduction in the band gap. Similarly, the bond established is responsible for the spatial redistribution of boundary orbitals, mainly towards the clusters. In addition, the orbital analysis revealed that the primary contributions to the chemical bond originated from the Cu atoms. The PCBM Raman intensity shows a meaningful enhancement consequence of the chemical bond established with the clusters. In addition, new normal modes of PCBM are observed in the Raman activity spectrum after the chemical adsorption.
{"title":"Insights into vibrational and electronic properties of (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) chemical bonding with (CuO)n clusters: a DFT study","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Martínez-Núñez, Y Delgado-Beleño, M Cortez-Valadez, O Rocha-Rocha, Ramón A B Alvarez, M Flores-Acosta","doi":"10.4279/pip.150004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150004","url":null,"abstract":"Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the electronic and vibrational properties of the chemical bond between the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and (CuO)n clusters. After chemical adsorption, the HOMO orbitals of PCBM primarily shifted towards (CuO)n, leading to a noticeable reduction in the band gap. Similarly, the bond established is responsible for the spatial redistribution of boundary orbitals, mainly towards the clusters. In addition, the orbital analysis revealed that the primary contributions to the chemical bond originated from the Cu atoms. The PCBM Raman intensity shows a meaningful enhancement consequence of the chemical bond established with the clusters. In addition, new normal modes of PCBM are observed in the Raman activity spectrum after the chemical adsorption.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We numerically study hysteresis in the ferromagnetic random field 3-state clock model in two and three dimensional periodic lattices at zero temperature and in the zero frequency limit of the driving field. The on-site quenched disorders are continuous and are drawn froma uniform distribution. We numerically analyzed the effects of disorder on the dynamics of the model and hence on the shape of the hysteresis loops. We also study the model in the presence of dilution and an absorbing state.
{"title":"Study of hysteresis in the ferromagnetic random field 3-state clock model in two and three dimensional periodic lattices at zero temperature and in the presence of dilution and an absorbing state","authors":"Elisheba Syiem, R. Kharwanlang","doi":"10.4279/pip.150003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150003","url":null,"abstract":"We numerically study hysteresis in the ferromagnetic random field 3-state clock model in two and three dimensional periodic lattices at zero temperature and in the zero frequency limit of the driving field. The on-site quenched disorders are continuous and are drawn froma uniform distribution. We numerically analyzed the effects of disorder on the dynamics of the model and hence on the shape of the hysteresis loops. We also study the model in the presence of dilution and an absorbing state.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. F. Orte, E. Fernández Lajús, R. P. Di Sisto, E. Wolfram, Anabela Lusi, M. G. Nicora, R. D’Elia, Federico Verstraeten, S. Papandrea, Facundo Carmona
On December 14, 2020, southern South America experienced a total solar eclipse close to the solar noon. The path of totality, about 90 km wide, extended over the continental region from the Chilean west coast to the Argentine east coast, passing through the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and the extreme south of Buenos Aires. In order to study the effects on the atmosphere produced by the total eclipse, the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Argentino (SMN) and Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF) carried out a surface radiometric monitoring campaign in Valcheta (40.69°S; 66.15°W), Río Negro, Argentina. In this work, we explore the global surface solar irradiance on a horizontal plane (GHI) with the main objective of quantifying the changes in this parameter for cloudy and clear sky atmospheric conditions, combining ground-based measurements and modeling. A solar limb-darkening function was successfully implemented in the calculation of the irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the eclipse. We estimated a significant GHI attenuation of 41 % between the first (C1) and last (C4) contacts of eclipse compared to similar atmospheric conditions without the total eclipse, which represent a daily reduction of 12 %. In terms of irradiation, a reduction of 3360.1 KJ/m2 was calculated.
{"title":"Changes in the surface irradiance during the total solar eclipse 2020 in Valcheta, Argentina","authors":"P. F. Orte, E. Fernández Lajús, R. P. Di Sisto, E. Wolfram, Anabela Lusi, M. G. Nicora, R. D’Elia, Federico Verstraeten, S. Papandrea, Facundo Carmona","doi":"10.4279/pip.150002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150002","url":null,"abstract":"On December 14, 2020, southern South America experienced a total solar eclipse close to the solar noon. The path of totality, about 90 km wide, extended over the continental region from the Chilean west coast to the Argentine east coast, passing through the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and the extreme south of Buenos Aires. In order to study the effects on the atmosphere produced by the total eclipse, the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Argentino (SMN) and Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF) carried out a surface radiometric monitoring campaign in Valcheta (40.69°S; 66.15°W), Río Negro, Argentina. In this work, we explore the global surface solar irradiance on a horizontal plane (GHI) with the main objective of quantifying the changes in this parameter for cloudy and clear sky atmospheric conditions, combining ground-based measurements and modeling. A solar limb-darkening function was successfully implemented in the calculation of the irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the eclipse. We estimated a significant GHI attenuation of 41 % between the first (C1) and last (C4) contacts of eclipse compared to similar atmospheric conditions without the total eclipse, which represent a daily reduction of 12 %. In terms of irradiation, a reduction of 3360.1 KJ/m2 was calculated.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43907941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In statistical mechanics, measuring the number of available states and their probabilities, and thus the system’s entropy, enables the prediction of the macroscopic properties of a physical system at equilibrium. This predictive capacity hinges on the knowledge of the a priori probabilities of observing the states of the system, given by the Boltzmann distribution. Unfortunately, the successes of equilibrium statistical mechanics are hardto replicate out of equilibrium, where the a priori probabilities of observing states are, in general, not known, precluding the naı̈ve application of common tools. In the last decade, exciting developments have occurred that enable direct numerical estimation of the entropy and density of states of athermal and non-equilibrium systems, thanks to significant methodological advances in the computation of the volume of high-dimensional basins of attraction. Here, we provide a detailed account of these methods, underscoring the challenges present in such estimations, recent progress on the matter, and promising directions for future work.
{"title":"When you can’t count, sample!","authors":"Stefano Martiniani, Mathias Casiulis","doi":"10.4279/pip.150001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.150001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In statistical mechanics, measuring the number of available states and their probabilities, and thus the system’s entropy, enables the prediction of the macroscopic properties of a physical system at equilibrium. This predictive capacity hinges on the knowledge of the a priori probabilities of observing the states of the system, given by the Boltzmann distribution. Unfortunately, the successes of equilibrium statistical mechanics are hardto replicate out of equilibrium, where the a priori probabilities of observing states are, in general, not known, precluding the naı̈ve application of common tools. In the last decade, exciting developments have occurred that enable direct numerical estimation of the entropy and density of states of athermal and non-equilibrium systems, thanks to significant methodological advances in the computation of the volume of high-dimensional basins of attraction. Here, we provide a detailed account of these methods, underscoring the challenges present in such estimations, recent progress on the matter, and promising directions for future work.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47105644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyang Cheng, F. Anselmucci, Xinyan Fan, Yijian Zeng, S. Luding, V. Magnanimo
Vegetated soil plays an essential role in confronting climate change. It is the host material where inorganic carbon is stored and green infrastructures are built. The expected impacts of climate change, such as extreme wetting-drying cycles, pose an urgent need to understand the interplay between soil deformation, root growth, and water/solute uptake. The key to this challenge lies in the extension of unsaturated soil mechanics to incorporate bio-hydrological processes, such as root growth and water uptake. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge of root-zone mechanics and bio-hydrology. We identify the main knowledge gaps and suggest an integrated, bottom-to-top approach to develop a multidisciplinary understanding of soil-water-root interaction. We demonstrate how emerging experimental and numerical methods can be used to study rooted soil under wetting--drying cycles. Although focused on the biophysical processes at root/soil particle scales, we discuss potential up-scaling from the root to the field scale and further research on remaining challenges, such as the microbial activities in vegetated soil.
{"title":"Down to the root of vegetated soil: challenges and state-of-the-art","authors":"Hongyang Cheng, F. Anselmucci, Xinyan Fan, Yijian Zeng, S. Luding, V. Magnanimo","doi":"10.4279/pip.140014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140014","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetated soil plays an essential role in confronting climate change. It is the host material where inorganic carbon is stored and green infrastructures are built. The expected impacts of climate change, such as extreme wetting-drying cycles, pose an urgent need to understand the interplay between soil deformation, root growth, and water/solute uptake. The key to this challenge lies in the extension of unsaturated soil mechanics to incorporate bio-hydrological processes, such as root growth and water uptake. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge of root-zone mechanics and bio-hydrology. We identify the main knowledge gaps and suggest an integrated, bottom-to-top approach to develop a multidisciplinary understanding of soil-water-root interaction. We demonstrate how emerging experimental and numerical methods can be used to study rooted soil under wetting--drying cycles. Although focused on the biophysical processes at root/soil particle scales, we discuss potential up-scaling from the root to the field scale and further research on remaining challenges, such as the microbial activities in vegetated soil.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42285369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Schmiegelow, Martín Drechsler, Lautaro E. Filgueria, Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto, Franco Meconi
During the December 2020 total eclipse we registered time resolved light measurements of incident solar light with VIS-NIR photodiodes in northern Patagonia. Signals compatible with the observation of shadow bands in the 200 s before and after totality were observed. A strong increase in the normalized noise spectral densities of recorded incident radiation near totality suggests the presence of shadow bands. Originally high-altitude balloon measurements and spatial correlation ground measurements were planned, but the harsh climate conditions limited the campaign’s results.
{"title":"Observation of atmospheric scintillation during the 2020 total eclipse in northern Patagonia","authors":"C. Schmiegelow, Martín Drechsler, Lautaro E. Filgueria, Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto, Franco Meconi","doi":"10.4279/pip.140013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140013","url":null,"abstract":"During the December 2020 total eclipse we registered time resolved light measurements of incident solar light with VIS-NIR photodiodes in northern Patagonia. Signals compatible with the observation of shadow bands in the 200 s before and after totality were observed. A strong increase in the normalized noise spectral densities of recorded incident radiation near totality suggests the presence of shadow bands. Originally high-altitude balloon measurements and spatial correlation ground measurements were planned, but the harsh climate conditions limited the campaign’s results.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45178467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mollon, A. Quacquarelli, Yinyin Zhang, N. Casas, O. Bouillanne, Alizée Madrignac, Kevin Daigne
This paper belongs to a Focus Series dedicated to Challenges in Granular Matter. As such, it does not report any new finding, but rather offers an overview of the state of the art and of current and future challenges for the granular physics community. The focus is placed on the case of confined sheared flows of granular samples with particular complexities, such as soft, angular, or cemented grains, with applications in tribology and fault mechanics. We first explain why granular science may help to improve our understanding of dry friction in these two applications, and illustrate some recently unveiled aspects regarding the complexity of the problem. We then describe a few avenues for future research on the topic, focusing on the dialogue between simulations and experiments, on scale-related challenges, and on some pivotal computational aspects.
{"title":"Confined sheared flows of hard and soft granular materials: Some challenges in tribology and fault mechanics","authors":"G. Mollon, A. Quacquarelli, Yinyin Zhang, N. Casas, O. Bouillanne, Alizée Madrignac, Kevin Daigne","doi":"10.4279/pip.140012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper belongs to a Focus Series dedicated to Challenges in Granular Matter. As such, it does not report any new finding, but rather offers an overview of the state of the art and of current and future challenges for the granular physics community. The focus is placed on the case of confined sheared flows of granular samples with particular complexities, such as soft, angular, or cemented grains, with applications in tribology and fault mechanics. We first explain why granular science may help to improve our understanding of dry friction in these two applications, and illustrate some recently unveiled aspects regarding the complexity of the problem. We then describe a few avenues for future research on the topic, focusing on the dialogue between simulations and experiments, on scale-related challenges, and on some pivotal computational aspects.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a present context of sustainable energy and hazard mitigation, understanding fluid migration in sedimentary basins – large subsea provinces of fine saturated sands and clays – is a crucial challenge. Such migration leads to gas or liquid expulsion at the seafloor, whichmay be the signature of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, or precursors to violent subsea fluid releases. If the former may orient future exploitation, the latter represent strong hazards for anthropic activities such as offshore production, CO$_2$ storage, transoceanic telecom fibers or deep-sea mining. However, at present, the dynamics of fluid migration in sedimentary layers, in particular the upper 500 m, still remains unknown in spite of its strong influence on fluid distribution at the seafloor. Understanding the mechanisms controlling fluid migration and release requires the combination of accurate field data, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Each technique shall lead to the understanding of the fluid structures, the mechanisms at stake, and deep insights into fundamental processes ranging from the grain scale to the kilometers-long natural pipes in the sedimentary layers.Here we review the present available techniques, advances and challenges still open for the geosciences, physics, and computer science communities.
{"title":"Future challenges on focused fluid migration in sedimentary basins: insight from field data, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations","authors":"V. Vidal, A. Gay","doi":"10.4279/pip.140011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140011","url":null,"abstract":"In a present context of sustainable energy and hazard mitigation, understanding fluid migration in sedimentary basins – large subsea provinces of fine saturated sands and clays – is a crucial challenge. Such migration leads to gas or liquid expulsion at the seafloor, whichmay be the signature of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, or precursors to violent subsea fluid releases. If the former may orient future exploitation, the latter represent strong hazards for anthropic activities such as offshore production, CO$_2$ storage, transoceanic telecom fibers or deep-sea mining. However, at present, the dynamics of fluid migration in sedimentary layers, in particular the upper 500 m, still remains unknown in spite of its strong influence on fluid distribution at the seafloor. Understanding the mechanisms controlling fluid migration and release requires the combination of accurate field data, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Each technique shall lead to the understanding of the fluid structures, the mechanisms at stake, and deep insights into fundamental processes ranging from the grain scale to the kilometers-long natural pipes in the sedimentary layers.Here we review the present available techniques, advances and challenges still open for the geosciences, physics, and computer science communities.","PeriodicalId":19791,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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