Rojan Ghanim Mohammad Al-Allaff, Tuka Moayed Bakr Al-Sawaf
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder characterized by sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion and lacrimation, which negatively affects the quality of life to a large extent. The study aimed to find a link between the effect of vitamin D3 levels on Immunoglobulin (IgE) levels in patients with allergic AR. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study included 30 patients with AR, with ages ranging from 18 to 35, of both sexes. For vitamin D levels, <u>></u>30 ng/mL is considered sufficient and <u><</u>20 ng/mL is a deficiency. The second group includes 30 people with adequate levels of vitamin D3 as a control group. All results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, in addition to using the regression coefficient test to test the extent of the effect of D3 on the development of allergic rhinitis at a significant level of p<u><</u>0.05 using the SPSS program 24. <b>Results:</b> The results showed a significant decrease in the levels of vitamin D3 in the serum of the AR patients compared with the control group and a substantial increase in the levels of IgE in the serum of the AR patients compared with the control group at a significant level of p<u><</u>0.05. Additionally, the results showed in the regression coefficient an inverse and significant effect of vitamin D3 concentration on serum IgE levels, which is significant in terms of the p-value, which appeared equal to 0.010. By observing the value of the R<sup>2</sup> coefficient of determination, it is clear that a change in the concentration of vitamin D3 causes 58% of the changes in IgE levels. <b>Conclusion:</b> Through linear regression correlation, an inverse linear relationship emerged linking low vitamin D3 levels to increased IgE levels with an effect rate of 58%.
<b>背景和目的:</b>过敏性鼻炎(AR)是一种常见疾病,以打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞和流泪为特征,在很大程度上对生活质量产生负面影响。本研究旨在寻找维生素 D3 水平对过敏性 AR 患者免疫球蛋白(IgE)水平的影响之间的联系。 <b>材料与方法:</b> 本研究纳入了 30 名 AR 患者,年龄在 18 至 35 岁之间,男女不限。对于维生素 D 水平,<u>></u>30 ng/mL 即可,<u>;
{"title":"Correlation Between a Deficiency of D3 Levels and the Development of Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Rojan Ghanim Mohammad Al-Allaff, Tuka Moayed Bakr Al-Sawaf","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.27.34","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.27.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder characterized by sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion and lacrimation, which negatively affects the quality of life to a large extent. The study aimed to find a link between the effect of vitamin D3 levels on Immunoglobulin (IgE) levels in patients with allergic AR. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study included 30 patients with AR, with ages ranging from 18 to 35, of both sexes. For vitamin D levels, <u>></u>30 ng/mL is considered sufficient and <u><</u>20 ng/mL is a deficiency. The second group includes 30 people with adequate levels of vitamin D3 as a control group. All results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, in addition to using the regression coefficient test to test the extent of the effect of D3 on the development of allergic rhinitis at a significant level of p<u><</u>0.05 using the SPSS program 24. <b>Results:</b> The results showed a significant decrease in the levels of vitamin D3 in the serum of the AR patients compared with the control group and a substantial increase in the levels of IgE in the serum of the AR patients compared with the control group at a significant level of p<u><</u>0.05. Additionally, the results showed in the regression coefficient an inverse and significant effect of vitamin D3 concentration on serum IgE levels, which is significant in terms of the p-value, which appeared equal to 0.010. By observing the value of the R<sup>2</sup> coefficient of determination, it is clear that a change in the concentration of vitamin D3 causes 58% of the changes in IgE levels. <b>Conclusion:</b> Through linear regression correlation, an inverse linear relationship emerged linking low vitamin D3 levels to increased IgE levels with an effect rate of 58%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elsayed Hamed Ali Bakr, Areej Abdulhamid Hamdan Almuraee
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The liver is one of the organs that play an essential role in the human body, including supporting metabolism, immune functions, digestive system, detoxification, storage of vitamins and other functions. This investigation aimed to study the protective effects of black seed and lettuce oil against hepatotoxicity as induced by paracetamol in experimental rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 150±5 g were divided randomly into four groups (5 rats each) and distributed as follows; 1st group was controlled negative (C -ve group), 2nd group controlled positive (orally administered with 500 mg/kg b.wt., paracetamol), 3rd and 4th groups were orally administered with black seed oil and lettuce oil at a dose of 1 mL/kg b.wt., each) as a preventive dose. All rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical analysis and then statistically analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The rat administered with black seed and lettuce oils enhanced body weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency ratio. Moreover, exhibited a significant reduction in the liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and TBIL. Meanwhile, black seed and lettuce oils significantly improved kidney functions, lipid profiles and some immune biomarkers including creatine kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed that the oils of black seed (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) and lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) have a protective role in improving body weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency ratio, liver enzymes, kidney functions, lipid profiles and some immune biomarkers against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Black Seed and Lettuce Oils Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.","authors":"Elsayed Hamed Ali Bakr, Areej Abdulhamid Hamdan Almuraee","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.59.68","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.59.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> The liver is one of the organs that play an essential role in the human body, including supporting metabolism, immune functions, digestive system, detoxification, storage of vitamins and other functions. This investigation aimed to study the protective effects of black seed and lettuce oil against hepatotoxicity as induced by paracetamol in experimental rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 150±5 g were divided randomly into four groups (5 rats each) and distributed as follows; 1st group was controlled negative (C -ve group), 2nd group controlled positive (orally administered with 500 mg/kg b.wt., paracetamol), 3rd and 4th groups were orally administered with black seed oil and lettuce oil at a dose of 1 mL/kg b.wt., each) as a preventive dose. All rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical analysis and then statistically analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The rat administered with black seed and lettuce oils enhanced body weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency ratio. Moreover, exhibited a significant reduction in the liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and TBIL. Meanwhile, black seed and lettuce oils significantly improved kidney functions, lipid profiles and some immune biomarkers including creatine kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed that the oils of black seed (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) and lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) have a protective role in improving body weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency ratio, liver enzymes, kidney functions, lipid profiles and some immune biomarkers against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The rapid development of Kendari City as the capital of Southeast Sulawesi Province has led to changes in land use patterns, particularly an increase in built-up areas, which threaten environmental stability. Rapid population growth contributes to rising carbon dioxide emissions, impacting air quality. Green spaces like Baruga Forest are ideal for environmental balance and bioservation. This study aims to identify the diversity of Collembola species in Baruga Forest, Kendari and understand the environmental factors influencing their presence. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Collembola was collected in the Baruga Forest using a Berlese funnel, then identified and classified based on the family by counting the number of individuals in each taxonomic group. The diversity of Collembola was measured using the Shannon-Wiener index, while the evenness of individual distribution in each family was assessed using an evenness index. Additionally, environmental parameters such as air temperature, air humidity and soil pH were measured. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> The research results indicate that there are 75 individuals of Collembola belonging to the class Entognatha. The dominant order observed is Entomobryomorpha, consisting of three families: Oncopoduridae with 60 individuals, Isotomidae with 7 individuals and Orchesellidae with 5 individuals. Additionally, there is the order Symphypleona, represented by a single family, Bourletiellidae, with one individual. The biodiversity index (H') yielded a moderate value of 0.622, where the most significant contribution comes from the genus Isotomidae. Meanwhile, the evenness index (E) indicates a uniform distribution among the various genera of Collembola. <b>Conclusion:</b> Observed variations in temperature, humidity and soil pH changes underscore the need for ongoing management and conservation of Baruga Forest to maintain the diversity of Collembola species and the sustainability of the ecosystem in Baruga Forest.
{"title":"Exploring Collembola Diversity in the Green Open Spaces of Baruga Forest, Kendari City, Indonesia.","authors":"Jumarddin La Fua, Ratna Umi Nurlila, Sabaria Rauf Tanaba, Hilda Ayu Melvi Amalia, Rosmini","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.100.107","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.100.107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> The rapid development of Kendari City as the capital of Southeast Sulawesi Province has led to changes in land use patterns, particularly an increase in built-up areas, which threaten environmental stability. Rapid population growth contributes to rising carbon dioxide emissions, impacting air quality. Green spaces like Baruga Forest are ideal for environmental balance and bioservation. This study aims to identify the diversity of Collembola species in Baruga Forest, Kendari and understand the environmental factors influencing their presence. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Collembola was collected in the Baruga Forest using a Berlese funnel, then identified and classified based on the family by counting the number of individuals in each taxonomic group. The diversity of Collembola was measured using the Shannon-Wiener index, while the evenness of individual distribution in each family was assessed using an evenness index. Additionally, environmental parameters such as air temperature, air humidity and soil pH were measured. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> The research results indicate that there are 75 individuals of Collembola belonging to the class Entognatha. The dominant order observed is Entomobryomorpha, consisting of three families: Oncopoduridae with 60 individuals, Isotomidae with 7 individuals and Orchesellidae with 5 individuals. Additionally, there is the order Symphypleona, represented by a single family, Bourletiellidae, with one individual. The biodiversity index (H') yielded a moderate value of 0.622, where the most significant contribution comes from the genus Isotomidae. Meanwhile, the evenness index (E) indicates a uniform distribution among the various genera of Collembola. <b>Conclusion:</b> Observed variations in temperature, humidity and soil pH changes underscore the need for ongoing management and conservation of Baruga Forest to maintain the diversity of Collembola species and the sustainability of the ecosystem in Baruga Forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The drug-food interaction has a great interest in nutrition research to minimize unfavorable reactions to nutritional treatment. Failure to supply appropriate nutrition to the child can harm both body development and growth. This review aimed to examine available data on the impact of diet on medication absorption in pediatric populations. Mechanisms underlying food-drug interactions were investigated to explore possible distinctions between adult and pediatric populations and to gain insight into how this may impact the pharmacokinetic profile in a child. Several changes in physiology, anatomy and physicochemical properties among children are likely to result in food-drug interactions that cannot be anticipated based on adult studies. The influence of food on medications results in decreased bioavailability and altered drug elimination. Drugs, on the other hand, can affect dietary intake, digestion, absorption and excretion. Literature shows that differences in gastrointestinal physiology and anatomy between pediatric and adult populations can have a major impact on drug absorption and bioavailability. A higher splanchnic blood flow may result in decreased drug bioavailability due to increased loss in first-pass metabolism. To overcome the overall lack of knowledge on analyzing food-drug interactions among pediatric populations, comprehensive procedures and recommendations must be developed.
{"title":"Physiological, Anatomical and Physicochemical Characteristics of Children Affecting Food-Drug Interaction-Review.","authors":"Kamal Ali Attia","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.1.7","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The drug-food interaction has a great interest in nutrition research to minimize unfavorable reactions to nutritional treatment. Failure to supply appropriate nutrition to the child can harm both body development and growth. This review aimed to examine available data on the impact of diet on medication absorption in pediatric populations. Mechanisms underlying food-drug interactions were investigated to explore possible distinctions between adult and pediatric populations and to gain insight into how this may impact the pharmacokinetic profile in a child. Several changes in physiology, anatomy and physicochemical properties among children are likely to result in food-drug interactions that cannot be anticipated based on adult studies. The influence of food on medications results in decreased bioavailability and altered drug elimination. Drugs, on the other hand, can affect dietary intake, digestion, absorption and excretion. Literature shows that differences in gastrointestinal physiology and anatomy between pediatric and adult populations can have a major impact on drug absorption and bioavailability. A higher splanchnic blood flow may result in decreased drug bioavailability due to increased loss in first-pass metabolism. To overcome the overall lack of knowledge on analyzing food-drug interactions among pediatric populations, comprehensive procedures and recommendations must be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a well-recognized vascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Unless immediate measures are taken some patients end up with amputation. The hallmarks of DFU are hyperglycemia, neuropathy, ischemia and infection (Andrew). Recent studies confirmed the role of low serum arginine in the development of foot ulcer in diabetic patients. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between low serum magnesium and diabetic foot ulcer and to identify the incidence of low plasma arginine levels in diabetic patients with DFU in Sudan. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 120 subjects were recruited in this study and were divided into three groups, namely, diabetic with foot ulcer (group-I), diabetic without foot ulcer (group-II) and non-diabetic healthy subjects (group-III). These subjects were investigated for FBS, HbA1c and serum arginine. Data were analysed using SPSS (28th release). <b>Results:</b> Analysis of the results obtained showed significantly marked reduced plasma arginine levels in group I than the other two groups where mean plasma arginine level was 12.08, 49.25 and 94.1 micromole/L, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the duration of diabetes and DFU in diabetic patients with DFU and diabetic patients without DFU, as well as levels of HbA1c (p-value 0.457, 0.89) respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The low serum arginine levels were significantly associated with foot ulcers in diabetic patients and play an important role in the development of diabetic foot ulcers.
{"title":"Implication of Low Plasma Arginine among Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU).","authors":"Nasir Abdelrafie Hamad, Lienda Bashier Eltayeb, Habab Merghani Yassin","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.46.51","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.46.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a well-recognized vascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Unless immediate measures are taken some patients end up with amputation. The hallmarks of DFU are hyperglycemia, neuropathy, ischemia and infection (Andrew). Recent studies confirmed the role of low serum arginine in the development of foot ulcer in diabetic patients. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between low serum magnesium and diabetic foot ulcer and to identify the incidence of low plasma arginine levels in diabetic patients with DFU in Sudan. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 120 subjects were recruited in this study and were divided into three groups, namely, diabetic with foot ulcer (group-I), diabetic without foot ulcer (group-II) and non-diabetic healthy subjects (group-III). These subjects were investigated for FBS, HbA1c and serum arginine. Data were analysed using SPSS (28th release). <b>Results:</b> Analysis of the results obtained showed significantly marked reduced plasma arginine levels in group I than the other two groups where mean plasma arginine level was 12.08, 49.25 and 94.1 micromole/L, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the duration of diabetes and DFU in diabetic patients with DFU and diabetic patients without DFU, as well as levels of HbA1c (p-value 0.457, 0.89) respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The low serum arginine levels were significantly associated with foot ulcers in diabetic patients and play an important role in the development of diabetic foot ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farid Amansyah, B Budu, Muhammad Harun Achmad, Nu Man A S Daud, Agung Putra, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Agussalim Bukhari, Marhaen Hardjo, Luthfi Parewangi, Ilhamjaya Patellongi
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Liver fibrosis (LF) is a most common pathological process characterized by the activation of hepatocytes leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hypoxia precondition treated in MSCs (H-MSCs) could enhance their immunomodulatory and regeneration capability, through expressing robust anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, known as H-MSCs secretome (SH-MSCs) that are critical for the improvement of liver fibrosis. However, the study regarding the efficacy and mechanism of action of SH-MSCs in ameliorating liver fibrosis is still inconclusive. In this study, the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism for SH-MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis were investigated. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A rat model with liver fibrosis induced by CCl<sub>4</sub> was created and maintained for 8 weeks. The rats received intravenous doses of SH-MSCs and secretome derived from normoxia MSCs (SN-MSCs), filtered using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system with different molecular weight cut-off categories, both at a dosage of 0.5 mL. The ELISA assay was employed to examine the cytokines and growth factors present in both SH-MSCs and SN-MSCs. On the ninth day, the rats were euthanized and liver tissues were collected for subsequent histological examination and analysis of mRNA expression. <b>Results:</b> The ELISA test revealed that SH-MSCs exhibited higher levels of VEGF, PDGF, bFGF, IL-10, TGF-β and IL-6 compared to SN-MSCs. <i>In vivo</i>, administration of SH-MSCs notably decreased mortality rates. It also demonstrated a reduction in liver fibrosis, collagen fiber areas, α-SMA positive staining and relative mRNA expression of TGF-β. Conversely, SN-MSCs also contributed to liver fibrosis improvement, although SH-MSCs demonstrated more favorable outcomes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Current findings suggested that SH-MSCs could improve CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis and decrease α-SMA and TGF-β expression.
{"title":"Secretome of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Liver Regeneration and Anti-Fibrotic Effect in Liver Fibrosis Animal Model.","authors":"Farid Amansyah, B Budu, Muhammad Harun Achmad, Nu Man A S Daud, Agung Putra, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Agussalim Bukhari, Marhaen Hardjo, Luthfi Parewangi, Ilhamjaya Patellongi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.18.26","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.18.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Liver fibrosis (LF) is a most common pathological process characterized by the activation of hepatocytes leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hypoxia precondition treated in MSCs (H-MSCs) could enhance their immunomodulatory and regeneration capability, through expressing robust anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, known as H-MSCs secretome (SH-MSCs) that are critical for the improvement of liver fibrosis. However, the study regarding the efficacy and mechanism of action of SH-MSCs in ameliorating liver fibrosis is still inconclusive. In this study, the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism for SH-MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis were investigated. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A rat model with liver fibrosis induced by CCl<sub>4</sub> was created and maintained for 8 weeks. The rats received intravenous doses of SH-MSCs and secretome derived from normoxia MSCs (SN-MSCs), filtered using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system with different molecular weight cut-off categories, both at a dosage of 0.5 mL. The ELISA assay was employed to examine the cytokines and growth factors present in both SH-MSCs and SN-MSCs. On the ninth day, the rats were euthanized and liver tissues were collected for subsequent histological examination and analysis of mRNA expression. <b>Results:</b> The ELISA test revealed that SH-MSCs exhibited higher levels of VEGF, PDGF, bFGF, IL-10, TGF-β and IL-6 compared to SN-MSCs. <i>In vivo</i>, administration of SH-MSCs notably decreased mortality rates. It also demonstrated a reduction in liver fibrosis, collagen fiber areas, α-SMA positive staining and relative mRNA expression of TGF-β. Conversely, SN-MSCs also contributed to liver fibrosis improvement, although SH-MSCs demonstrated more favorable outcomes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Current findings suggested that SH-MSCs could improve CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis and decrease α-SMA and TGF-β expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Anthracnose in shallot contributes to significant losses. To solve this issue, silica nanoparticles, in combination with <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> were used together. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>In vitro</i> antagonistic test of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> B-27 with <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> was carried out using dual culture and co-culture methods. Treatment in greenhouse experiments was carried out using single application of silica, <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>, a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> and a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i> and silica. Detection of <i>B. velezensis</i> in the roots of shallot plants was carried out by PCR using a pair of specific primers. <b>Results:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> was able to inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>, both in the dual culture and co-culture methods, by 62.8 and 77.17%, respectively. Treatment of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>, either individually or in combination with silica, could reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease by 20% each and stimulate the growth of shallot plants. The PCR detection using specific primers on the roots of shallot plants showed that <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected with a DNA band length of ±576 bp. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> can inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>. Applying <i>B. velezensis</i>, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and silica can reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease, promote plant growth and increase plant productivity. Furthermore, <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected in the roots of shallot plants, revealing that the bacteria are well-established.
<b>背景与目的:</b>大葱炭疽病造成重大损失。为解决这一问题,我们将纳米二氧化硅与韦氏芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌结合使用。<b>材料与方法:</b><i>体外</i><i>苏云金芽孢杆菌</i>B-27 与 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> 的拮抗试验采用双培养和共培养方法进行。在温室实验中,使用硅、苏云金芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的组合进行处理。苏云金杆菌</i>和 B. velezensis</i> 以及 B. thuringiensis</i>、B. velezensis</i> 和二氧化硅的组合。使用一对特异性引物通过 PCR 检测大葱植株根中的 B. velezensis</i>。在体外<i>菌丝体<i>的生长<i>中,双培养法和共培养法的抑制率分别为 62.8% 和 77.17%。单独使用或与白炭黑联合使用苏云金杆菌和维氏菌,可使炭疽病的发病率降低 20%,并能促进大葱植株的生长。使用特定引物对大葱植株根部进行的 PCR 检测显示,<i>B. velezensis</i> 的 DNA 带长为 ±576 bp。<b>结论:</b><i>Bacillus velezensis</i>能抑制<i>C. gloeosporioides</i>菌丝体在体外的生长。施用 B. velezensis</i>、B. thuringiensis</i>和白炭黑可以减轻炭疽病的强度,促进植物生长,提高植物产量。此外,<i>B. velezensis</i>在大葱植株的根部被检测到,这表明该细菌已经根深蒂固。
{"title":"Application of Silica Nanoparticles in Combination with <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> for Anthracnose Disease Control in Shallot.","authors":"Jilan Tsani Abdullah, Suryanti, Tri Joko","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.80.89","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.80.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Anthracnose in shallot contributes to significant losses. To solve this issue, silica nanoparticles, in combination with <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> were used together. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>In vitro</i> antagonistic test of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> B-27 with <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> was carried out using dual culture and co-culture methods. Treatment in greenhouse experiments was carried out using single application of silica, <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>, a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> and a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i> and silica. Detection of <i>B. velezensis</i> in the roots of shallot plants was carried out by PCR using a pair of specific primers. <b>Results:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> was able to inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>, both in the dual culture and co-culture methods, by 62.8 and 77.17%, respectively. Treatment of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>, either individually or in combination with silica, could reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease by 20% each and stimulate the growth of shallot plants. The PCR detection using specific primers on the roots of shallot plants showed that <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected with a DNA band length of ±576 bp. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> can inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>. Applying <i>B. velezensis</i>, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and silica can reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease, promote plant growth and increase plant productivity. Furthermore, <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected in the roots of shallot plants, revealing that the bacteria are well-established.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.108.112
Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Understanding the biology of fish is crucial for ensuring the sustainable management and conservation of their biodiversity. The objective of this study was to observe the condition factors and length-weight relationships of <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, which can provide valuable insights into the ecological and nutritional conditions of aquatic animals. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Condition factor (CF) and length-weight relationship (LWR) for 100 specimens of <i>C. carpio</i> collected from the Anzali Lagoon 2016 (April to August) were studied. To determine the size of each fish, the total length using a caliper with a precision of 0.1 mm and the weight using a balance with an accuracy of 0.1 g was measured. Differences were analyzed using ANOVA with the Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test. In order to evaluate the differences in sexes each month, a non-parametric Chi-square test was employed. <b>Results:</b> The total length and body weight of <i>C. carpio</i> ranged from 9.1-53.8 cm and 110.3-5565.2 g, respectively. It was observed that there is a strong positive correlation between length and weight (r = 0.96). The results revealed they had a negative allometry growing rate. In the condition factors, there were no significant differences between male and female specimens (p>0.05). The observed sex ratio suggests no significant difference between males and females (p>0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The Anzali Lagoon population of <i>C. carpio</i> exhibited allometric growth, as evidenced by a strong correlation between length and weight represented by a high "r" value.
{"title":"Determination of Growth Indicators for <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) in Anzali Lagoon, Iran.","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.108.112","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2024.108.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Understanding the biology of fish is crucial for ensuring the sustainable management and conservation of their biodiversity. The objective of this study was to observe the condition factors and length-weight relationships of <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, which can provide valuable insights into the ecological and nutritional conditions of aquatic animals. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Condition factor (CF) and length-weight relationship (LWR) for 100 specimens of <i>C. carpio</i> collected from the Anzali Lagoon 2016 (April to August) were studied. To determine the size of each fish, the total length using a caliper with a precision of 0.1 mm and the weight using a balance with an accuracy of 0.1 g was measured. Differences were analyzed using ANOVA with the Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test. In order to evaluate the differences in sexes each month, a non-parametric Chi-square test was employed. <b>Results:</b> The total length and body weight of <i>C. carpio</i> ranged from 9.1-53.8 cm and 110.3-5565.2 g, respectively. It was observed that there is a strong positive correlation between length and weight (r = 0.96). The results revealed they had a negative allometry growing rate. In the condition factors, there were no significant differences between male and female specimens (p>0.05). The observed sex ratio suggests no significant difference between males and females (p>0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The Anzali Lagoon population of <i>C. carpio</i> exhibited allometric growth, as evidenced by a strong correlation between length and weight represented by a high \"r\" value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.607.614
Masitta Tanjung, Raudhatul Jannah
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The trash produced by boiling silkworm cocoons during the degumming process still retains useful amino acids, such as sericin and fibroin, that can repair skin damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This study seeks to examine the impact of utilising degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel, derived from boiling waste, on the healing process of rat skin that has been subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as the determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely the positive control, avobenzone, the group without avobenzone and DSC gel and the administration of DSC gel at 20, 40 and 60% for 14 days. The research used 25 male rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>). Skin tissue was prepared for microscopical examination using the paraffin method combined with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The data were analyzed statistically with the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the <i>post hoc</i> Duncan's test. Non-parametric data were carried out by the Kruskal Wallis test and continued with the Mann Whitney test. <b>Results:</b> The degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel had a fairly high SPF value with an extra protection category of 7.10 at a concentration of 60%. The DSC gel had the potential to accelerate the recovery of skin as observed by the test subjects showing no wrinkles and redness. An increase in epithelial thickness and a decrease in melanocyte cells were also obtained from the treatment. Increasing the concentration of DSC gel also improved the skin recovery exposed to ultraviolet light. <b>Conclusion:</b> The effective and efficient concentration of cocoon degumming waste gel is 40-60%. The ability of silkworm cocoon degumming waste to rejuvenate UV-exposed skin suggests its future application as a topical preparation for promoting skin health.
{"title":"Effectivity of Gel Derived from Degumming Silkworm Cocoon Waste for Skin Pigmentation.","authors":"Masitta Tanjung, Raudhatul Jannah","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.607.614","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.607.614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> The trash produced by boiling silkworm cocoons during the degumming process still retains useful amino acids, such as sericin and fibroin, that can repair skin damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. This study seeks to examine the impact of utilising degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel, derived from boiling waste, on the healing process of rat skin that has been subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as the determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment groups, namely the positive control, avobenzone, the group without avobenzone and DSC gel and the administration of DSC gel at 20, 40 and 60% for 14 days. The research used 25 male rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>). Skin tissue was prepared for microscopical examination using the paraffin method combined with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The data were analyzed statistically with the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the <i>post hoc</i> Duncan's test. Non-parametric data were carried out by the Kruskal Wallis test and continued with the Mann Whitney test. <b>Results:</b> The degumming silkworm cocoons (DSC) gel had a fairly high SPF value with an extra protection category of 7.10 at a concentration of 60%. The DSC gel had the potential to accelerate the recovery of skin as observed by the test subjects showing no wrinkles and redness. An increase in epithelial thickness and a decrease in melanocyte cells were also obtained from the treatment. Increasing the concentration of DSC gel also improved the skin recovery exposed to ultraviolet light. <b>Conclusion:</b> The effective and efficient concentration of cocoon degumming waste gel is 40-60%. The ability of silkworm cocoon degumming waste to rejuvenate UV-exposed skin suggests its future application as a topical preparation for promoting skin health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.615.627
Dewi Imelda Roesma, Djong Hon Tjong, Syaifullah, Dyta Rabbani Aidil, Muhammad Ryan Maulana, Viola Mutiara Salis
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> is the sole bear species-living in Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo). The available biological data for sun bears (<i>H. malayanus</i>) in Sumatra is limited, especially for morphological and genetic data. A morphological approach is difficult to do. Therefore, a molecular approach is the most likely choice. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on <i>H. malayanus</i> in Central Sumatra (Dharmasraya, South Solok and Riau) using the Cytochrome B gene. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Blood samples from three individuals of <i>H. malayanus</i> were obtained at the Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center, Dharmasraya. Three <i>H. malayanus</i> Central Sumatra sequences and 62 GenBank sequences were used in the analysis. The DNA sequences were analyzed using the DNA Star, AliView, Bioedit, DNA SP, haplotype network, IQ Tree and MEGA software. <b>Results:</b> Forty-one haplotypes were identified in 65 sequences, with 17 haplotypes belonging to <i>H. malayanus</i>. Haplotype network analysis divides <i>H. malayanus</i> into Haplogroup I (Sundaland) and Haplogroup II (Mainland). All individuals of <i>H. malayanus</i> in Central Sumatra have the same haplotype as Peninsular Malaysia sequence. The sun bear (<i>H. malayanus</i>) has a monophyletic relationship with other bear species. The <i>H. malayanus</i> has a higher genetic distance between the two lineages (1.0-2.3%) than the genetic distance within the subpopulations of each lineage. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study results supported sun bear (<i>H. malayanus</i>) divided into two different lineages: Mainland (subcluster 1) and Sundaland (subcluster 2 and 3). The geographic isolation causes the absence of gene flow, which results in high genetic distance between sun bears (<i>H. malayanus</i>) in Sundaland and Mainland lineages.
<b>背景与目的:</b> 太阳熊(<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)是生活在印度尼西亚(苏门答腊岛和婆罗洲)的唯一熊类物种。苏门答腊岛太阳熊(<i>H. malayanus</i>)的现有生物数据有限,尤其是形态和遗传数据。形态学方法很难实现。因此,分子方法是最可能的选择。<b>Materials and Methods:</b> H. malayanus</i> 的三个个体的血液样本是在达马斯拉亚苏门答腊虎康复中心获得的。分析中使用了三个<i>H. malayanus</i>苏门答腊中部序列和 62 个 GenBank 序列。使用 DNA Star、AliView、Bioedit、DNA SP、单倍型网络、IQ Tree 和 MEGA 软件对这些 DNA 序列进行了分析。结果:</b> 在 65 个序列中发现了 41 个单倍型,其中 17 个单倍型属于 H. malayanus</i>。单倍型网络分析将<i>H. malayanus</i>分为单倍型I组(巽他兰)和单倍型II组(大陆)。中苏门答腊的所有 H. malayanus<i>/i> 个体都具有与马来西亚半岛序列相同的单倍型。太阳熊(<i>H. malayanus</i>)与其他熊类具有单系关系。<b>Conclusion:</b> 研究结果支持太阳熊(<i>H. malayanus</i>)分为两个不同的系:大陆(亚群 1)和巽他兰(亚群 2 和 3)。地理上的隔离造成了基因流动的缺失,从而导致巽他兰系和大陆系的太阳熊(<i>H. malayanus</i>)之间存在较高的遗传距离。
{"title":"Phylogenetic Relationships of Sun Bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>) Based on Mitochondrial DNA from Sumatra and Other Southeast Asian Regions.","authors":"Dewi Imelda Roesma, Djong Hon Tjong, Syaifullah, Dyta Rabbani Aidil, Muhammad Ryan Maulana, Viola Mutiara Salis","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.615.627","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2023.615.627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> The <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> is the sole bear species-living in Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo). The available biological data for sun bears (<i>H. malayanus</i>) in Sumatra is limited, especially for morphological and genetic data. A morphological approach is difficult to do. Therefore, a molecular approach is the most likely choice. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on <i>H. malayanus</i> in Central Sumatra (Dharmasraya, South Solok and Riau) using the Cytochrome B gene. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Blood samples from three individuals of <i>H. malayanus</i> were obtained at the Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center, Dharmasraya. Three <i>H. malayanus</i> Central Sumatra sequences and 62 GenBank sequences were used in the analysis. The DNA sequences were analyzed using the DNA Star, AliView, Bioedit, DNA SP, haplotype network, IQ Tree and MEGA software. <b>Results:</b> Forty-one haplotypes were identified in 65 sequences, with 17 haplotypes belonging to <i>H. malayanus</i>. Haplotype network analysis divides <i>H. malayanus</i> into Haplogroup I (Sundaland) and Haplogroup II (Mainland). All individuals of <i>H. malayanus</i> in Central Sumatra have the same haplotype as Peninsular Malaysia sequence. The sun bear (<i>H. malayanus</i>) has a monophyletic relationship with other bear species. The <i>H. malayanus</i> has a higher genetic distance between the two lineages (1.0-2.3%) than the genetic distance within the subpopulations of each lineage. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study results supported sun bear (<i>H. malayanus</i>) divided into two different lineages: Mainland (subcluster 1) and Sundaland (subcluster 2 and 3). The geographic isolation causes the absence of gene flow, which results in high genetic distance between sun bears (<i>H. malayanus</i>) in Sundaland and Mainland lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}