Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340324
M. Iaroshevskii
The well-known American Sovietologist David Joravsky has published a big volume entitled Russian psychology. A critical history [15]. His earlier book was called The Lysenko affair. Now, after Trofim Lysenko, the "affair" of Ivan Sechenov has become the object of his denunciations.
{"title":"The Innovativeness of I.M. Sechenov: Historical Reality or \"Stalinist Fiction\"?","authors":"M. Iaroshevskii","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340324","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known American Sovietologist David Joravsky has published a big volume entitled Russian psychology. A critical history [15]. His earlier book was called The Lysenko affair. Now, after Trofim Lysenko, the \"affair\" of Ivan Sechenov has become the object of his denunciations.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114635888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340346
V. P. Levkovichand, I. Andrushchak
Ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of every ethnic consciousness, and has long attracted the attention of anthropologists, sociologists, and social psychologists who study processes of interaction and mutual influence among ethnic groups [1,2]. Since ethnocentrism in any form has a destructive effect on interethnic conflicts, study of this phenomenon is especially timely now, when ethnic conflicts have become an everyday reality in our country.
{"title":"Ethnocentrism as a Social-Psychological Phenomenon","authors":"V. P. Levkovichand, I. Andrushchak","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340346","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of every ethnic consciousness, and has long attracted the attention of anthropologists, sociologists, and social psychologists who study processes of interaction and mutual influence among ethnic groups [1,2]. Since ethnocentrism in any form has a destructive effect on interethnic conflicts, study of this phenomenon is especially timely now, when ethnic conflicts have become an everyday reality in our country.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.2753/rpo1061-040534036
V. Petukhov
From the author. This series of articles is devoted to understanding cultural norms as one of the key problems of contemporary general psychology. In the first part of this work, I identified the basic differences between the natural and the cultural conditions of social life; in the second, I described a phenomenon that occurs when they are functionally intermingled. Study of the laws and mechanisms of existence of this phenomenon turned out to be close to our everyday life experience, to our rapidly changing routines, and resulted in posing this problem as a psychological problem. However, changes in everyday life are taking place so rapidly that many postulates, results, and interpretations of concrete examples that initially seemed to be revelations are now obvious, and the new situations are not clear. Specifically, usually the observance and understanding of cultural norms are something that comes about with the genesis and development of the personality; but the phenomenon I identified is a simulac...
{"title":"Nature and Culture","authors":"V. Petukhov","doi":"10.2753/rpo1061-040534036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-040534036","url":null,"abstract":"From the author. This series of articles is devoted to understanding cultural norms as one of the key problems of contemporary general psychology. In the first part of this work, I identified the basic differences between the natural and the cultural conditions of social life; in the second, I described a phenomenon that occurs when they are functionally intermingled. Study of the laws and mechanisms of existence of this phenomenon turned out to be close to our everyday life experience, to our rapidly changing routines, and resulted in posing this problem as a psychological problem. However, changes in everyday life are taking place so rapidly that many postulates, results, and interpretations of concrete examples that initially seemed to be revelations are now obvious, and the new situations are not clear. Specifically, usually the observance and understanding of cultural norms are something that comes about with the genesis and development of the personality; but the phenomenon I identified is a simulac...","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131041109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340254
J.P.P. Haenen
Piotr Gal'perin (1902-1988) was a main figure of Soviet psychology and the last of the generation of psychologists who had had personal contacts with Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky is perhaps the most influential and acclaimed Russian psychologist of this century, and his theory already belongs to the history of the social sciences. Consequently, there is a need for a thorough analysis of the hypotheses that originated within the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.
{"title":"Piotr Gal'perin's criticism and extension of Lev Vygotsky's work","authors":"J.P.P. Haenen","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340254","url":null,"abstract":"Piotr Gal'perin (1902-1988) was a main figure of Soviet psychology and the last of the generation of psychologists who had had personal contacts with Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky is perhaps the most influential and acclaimed Russian psychologist of this century, and his theory already belongs to the history of the social sciences. Consequently, there is a need for a thorough analysis of the hypotheses that originated within the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"30 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132756792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-040534025
M. Iaroshevskii
In all epochs there has always been discussion of the incompatibility of mental phenomena and standards of rational thinking, especially during times of social anxiety, when the familiar guideposts that lend life relative stability and reliability are lost. A sense that events are irrational and fundamentally unpredictable arises, regardless of whether the reference is to external events or the discussion concerns one's own organism. The body image begins to form in childhood, absorbing knowledge associated with sciences such as anatomy, physiology, and medicine, which is informed by the latter. For an alert consciousness, there are days when these stereotypes, tried and tested over the ages, begin to be shaky. Our consciousness has a prognostic function. At any moment in time, it may, so to speak, "get ahead of itself on the basis of these stereotypes. But when they begin to fail, when the unpredictability of the future, both immediate and long-term, begins to threaten existence, fertile soil is created ...
{"title":"From \"Animal Magnetism\" to \"Ochlotelesuggestion\"","authors":"M. Iaroshevskii","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-040534025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-040534025","url":null,"abstract":"In all epochs there has always been discussion of the incompatibility of mental phenomena and standards of rational thinking, especially during times of social anxiety, when the familiar guideposts that lend life relative stability and reliability are lost. A sense that events are irrational and fundamentally unpredictable arises, regardless of whether the reference is to external events or the discussion concerns one's own organism. The body image begins to form in childhood, absorbing knowledge associated with sciences such as anatomy, physiology, and medicine, which is informed by the latter. For an alert consciousness, there are days when these stereotypes, tried and tested over the ages, begin to be shaky. Our consciousness has a prognostic function. At any moment in time, it may, so to speak, \"get ahead of itself on the basis of these stereotypes. But when they begin to fail, when the unpredictability of the future, both immediate and long-term, begins to threaten existence, fertile soil is created ...","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123139503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340261
Eugene Subbotsky
One of the major theoretical advances of Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development was his thesis that human mental functions were social in origin. In making this claim, Vygotsky was confronted with the difficulty of reconciling it with the fact that newborn infants already possess certain mental functions. Vygotsky's answer to the problem was the introduction of an important distinction between lower mental functions (LMFs) and higher mental functions (HMFs) (Vygotsky, 1983). The relationship between the two types of function in Vygotsky's theory was not strictly determined. In some cases an LMF can be a prerequisite for the development of an appropriate HMF (e.g., unmediated memory can be developed in mediated and voluntarily controlled memory); in other cases, HMFs exist in an inter-subjective form and are merely learned by the child in the process of education and shared activities (e.g., writing or reading skills).
{"title":"Vygotsky's Distinction Between Lower and Higher Mental Functions and Recent Studies on Infant Cognitive Development","authors":"Eugene Subbotsky","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340261","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major theoretical advances of Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development was his thesis that human mental functions were social in origin. In making this claim, Vygotsky was confronted with the difficulty of reconciling it with the fact that newborn infants already possess certain mental functions. Vygotsky's answer to the problem was the introduction of an important distinction between lower mental functions (LMFs) and higher mental functions (HMFs) (Vygotsky, 1983). The relationship between the two types of function in Vygotsky's theory was not strictly determined. In some cases an LMF can be a prerequisite for the development of an appropriate HMF (e.g., unmediated memory can be developed in mediated and voluntarily controlled memory); in other cases, HMFs exist in an inter-subjective form and are merely learned by the child in the process of education and shared activities (e.g., writing or reading skills).","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122642455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340224
E. Feigenberg, A. Asmolov
The cultural-historical concept of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leont'ev constitutes the foundation of a historical, evolutionary approach to psychology. Essentially, the development of man's world is regarded as being organically embedded in culture, which exists in and through various forms of sociohistorical activity. Whatever the paths traversed by Vygotsky, Luria, and Leont'ev in their quests, and whatever the specific objects they chose to study, this view pervaded all of their investigations.
{"title":"The Cultural-Historical Concept and Possibilities of Using Nonverbal Communication in Reconstituting the Personality","authors":"E. Feigenberg, A. Asmolov","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340224","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural-historical concept of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leont'ev constitutes the foundation of a historical, evolutionary approach to psychology. Essentially, the development of man's world is regarded as being organically embedded in culture, which exists in and through various forms of sociohistorical activity. Whatever the paths traversed by Vygotsky, Luria, and Leont'ev in their quests, and whatever the specific objects they chose to study, this view pervaded all of their investigations.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124317889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340235
O. V. Gordeeva
Ideas concerning the ambivalence of emotions are part of the structure of a child's ideas about the domain of human affect, and the development of such ideas depends largely on development in the child of processes of self-awareness and how the latter evolves during the course of ontogeny. The problem of emotional awareness has been posed and theoretically developed in our psychology in the work of such outstanding psychologists as S.L. Rubinshtein, L.S. Vygotsky, and A.N. Leont'ev; but there have been practically no experimental studies of this problem (in particular, of how one becomes aware of the ambivalence of one's own senses and emotions). The latter question is also related to problems of a child's emotional development, which has been very assiduously studied in our psychology.
{"title":"The Development of Ideas About the Ambivalence of Emotions in Children","authors":"O. V. Gordeeva","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340235","url":null,"abstract":"Ideas concerning the ambivalence of emotions are part of the structure of a child's ideas about the domain of human affect, and the development of such ideas depends largely on development in the child of processes of self-awareness and how the latter evolves during the course of ontogeny. The problem of emotional awareness has been posed and theoretically developed in our psychology in the work of such outstanding psychologists as S.L. Rubinshtein, L.S. Vygotsky, and A.N. Leont'ev; but there have been practically no experimental studies of this problem (in particular, of how one becomes aware of the ambivalence of one's own senses and emotions). The latter question is also related to problems of a child's emotional development, which has been very assiduously studied in our psychology.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131844824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405340267
W. Doise, C. Staerklé, A. Clemence
For readers of journals in developmental psychology, there is no doubt that Vygotsky has become a main reference in recent years, notwithstanding the fact that he passed away more than half a century ago. Several reasons can be invoked for this current interest in his thinking.
{"title":"Vygotsky in the East and the West","authors":"W. Doise, C. Staerklé, A. Clemence","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405340267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405340267","url":null,"abstract":"For readers of journals in developmental psychology, there is no doubt that Vygotsky has become a main reference in recent years, notwithstanding the fact that he passed away more than half a century ago. Several reasons can be invoked for this current interest in his thinking.","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116052116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-01DOI: 10.2753/RPO1061-0405330639
A. N. Leont’ev
My purpose today is to sum up a number of the postulates concerning activity as it is used in psychology, without introducing any new ones; and I shall do this with the following in mind. Until now I have used a system of concepts I proposed earlier with respect to an analysis of activity; of course, I should like to work out a position, first and foremost my own, on this system, and to reexamine it. On the other hand, I should like to pose a number of questions, such as: Is this system of concepts of any significance, i.e., is it able to work in psychology? Obviously, this system must be developed, which essentially has not been done in recent years. This system of concepts is frozen, without any movement. I personally was quite alone in this respect. All movement takes place with regard to various problems contiguous with the problem of activity, some more, some less; but in my opinion, the concept of activity has been developed highly unsatisfactorily. That is why I thought I should try, today, to sum ...
{"title":"Problems in the Psychology of Activity","authors":"A. N. Leont’ev","doi":"10.2753/RPO1061-0405330639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405330639","url":null,"abstract":"My purpose today is to sum up a number of the postulates concerning activity as it is used in psychology, without introducing any new ones; and I shall do this with the following in mind. Until now I have used a system of concepts I proposed earlier with respect to an analysis of activity; of course, I should like to work out a position, first and foremost my own, on this system, and to reexamine it. On the other hand, I should like to pose a number of questions, such as: Is this system of concepts of any significance, i.e., is it able to work in psychology? Obviously, this system must be developed, which essentially has not been done in recent years. This system of concepts is frozen, without any movement. I personally was quite alone in this respect. All movement takes place with regard to various problems contiguous with the problem of activity, some more, some less; but in my opinion, the concept of activity has been developed highly unsatisfactorily. That is why I thought I should try, today, to sum ...","PeriodicalId":198083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Russian and East European Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116019775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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