Pub Date : 2013-12-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I04.P03
F. Sattar, Shahabuddin, F. Ahmed, M. A. K. Malghani, S. Sattar
{"title":"Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants of Balochistan: Studies Based on the Local Investigations","authors":"F. Sattar, Shahabuddin, F. Ahmed, M. A. K. Malghani, S. Sattar","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I04.P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I04.P03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74533483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P07
A. Khan, R. Khan, M. Z. Khan, F. Hussain, M. Akhtar
A glasshouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant derived humic acid (HA), previously characterised along with coal derived HA using HPLC and UV-VIS techniques on pepper growth, cholorophyll contents, P and K concentration in soil and plant. Characterization results classified coal, sunflower and maize derived HA as type A, B and Rp respectively. Plant growth parameters such as branches/plant, root length and weight, were significantly improved with HA, maximum branches (11) were found by HA application at highest rate (150 mg/kg). While, at lower application rate (30 mg/kg) maximum fruit weight was obtained. Similarly, longest roots were obtained with HA application at same rate. Flower and fruit chlorophyll contents significantly improved with HA application, yielding maximum flower cholorophyll contents by application of 90 mg/kg, whereas, in case of fruit maximum cholorophyll contents were found by application of HA at the rate of 30 mg/kg. Despite, plant growth improvement, fruit K concentration were also significantly improved with HA application. These results suggest that HA application at the optimum rate (30 mg/kg) improved plant growth parameters, however soil nutrients concentration only responded to HA application at the higher rate side.
{"title":"Characterization and Effects of Plant Derived Humic Acid on the Growth of Pepper under Glasshouse Conditions","authors":"A. Khan, R. Khan, M. Z. Khan, F. Hussain, M. Akhtar","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P07","url":null,"abstract":"A glasshouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant derived humic acid (HA), previously characterised along with coal derived HA using HPLC and UV-VIS techniques on pepper growth, cholorophyll contents, P and K concentration in soil and plant. Characterization results classified coal, sunflower and maize derived HA as type A, B and Rp respectively. Plant growth parameters such as branches/plant, root length and weight, were significantly improved with HA, maximum branches (11) were found by HA application at highest rate (150 mg/kg). While, at lower application rate (30 mg/kg) maximum fruit weight was obtained. Similarly, longest roots were obtained with HA application at same rate. Flower and fruit chlorophyll contents significantly improved with HA application, yielding maximum flower cholorophyll contents by application of 90 mg/kg, whereas, in case of fruit maximum cholorophyll contents were found by application of HA at the rate of 30 mg/kg. Despite, plant growth improvement, fruit K concentration were also significantly improved with HA application. These results suggest that HA application at the optimum rate (30 mg/kg) improved plant growth parameters, however soil nutrients concentration only responded to HA application at the higher rate side.","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"136 1","pages":"134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77820946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.v03.i03.p02
Aziz‐ur‐Rehman, A. Siddiqa, M. Abbasi, S. Rasool, S. Z. Siddiqui, Samreen Gul, M. Ashraf, R. Nasar
{"title":"Enzyme Inhibition Studies on N-Substituted Sulfonamides Derived from m-phenetidine","authors":"Aziz‐ur‐Rehman, A. Siddiqa, M. Abbasi, S. Rasool, S. Z. Siddiqui, Samreen Gul, M. Ashraf, R. Nasar","doi":"10.15228/2013.v03.i03.p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.v03.i03.p02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79444730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P01
A. Ali
{"title":"Synthesis and Spectroanalytical Studies of a New Azodye Derived From 2-Amino-6- ethoxybenzothiazole and 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol and its Complexes With Fe (III) Ion","authors":"A. Ali","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79830919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P08
R. Azmat
{"title":"Manufacturing of High Quality Teachers for Chemistry Education at Higher Secondary Level in Current Era","authors":"R. Azmat","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"55 3","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91449879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P06
M. Abbasi, Aziz‐ur‐Rehman, M. Qureshi, M. Shahid, S. Rasool, M. Ashraf
Narcotine is a very antitussive agent and its modification may lead to some more biological activities. In this presented paper, narcotine (1) was first subjected to nitration and bromination to yield nitrated narcotine (2) and brominated narcotine (3). It was further made to react with phenylchloroformate (6) to give a cleaved addition product 4. This adduct 4 was further nitrated and brominated to yield substituted derivatives 5 and 6, respectively. The structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was processed via IR, EI-MS and 1 H-NMR spectra. These were also screened against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme and were found to the moderate inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase except nitrated product, 2, of narcotine (1).
{"title":"Nitrated and Brominated Narcotine and its Cleaved Adduct as Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors","authors":"M. Abbasi, Aziz‐ur‐Rehman, M. Qureshi, M. Shahid, S. Rasool, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P06","url":null,"abstract":"Narcotine is a very antitussive agent and its modification may lead to some more biological activities. In this presented paper, narcotine (1) was first subjected to nitration and bromination to yield nitrated narcotine (2) and brominated narcotine (3). It was further made to react with phenylchloroformate (6) to give a cleaved addition product 4. This adduct 4 was further nitrated and brominated to yield substituted derivatives 5 and 6, respectively. The structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was processed via IR, EI-MS and 1 H-NMR spectra. These were also screened against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme and were found to the moderate inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase except nitrated product, 2, of narcotine (1).","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77602700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P03
M. Saleem, S. H. Rizvi, J. Aftab, Sanober Kahkashan, A. Khan, M. Qammaruddin
M. Saleem, S. H. N. Rizvi, J. Aftab, S. Kahkashan, A. A. Khan and M. Qammaruddin * National Institute of Oceanography Karachi Pakistan St-47, Block-1 Clifton Karachi Email: * monawwars@gmail.com ABSTRACT To assess the contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) fifteen type (alpha, beta, gamma and delta HCH, Heptachlor, Heptachlor-epoxide, Endosulfan-I, Endosulfan-II, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Endrin aldehyde, 4-4 ́ DDT, 4,4 ́ DDE and 4,4 ́ DDD) of OCPS in samples of sea water, sediments, four fish and two crab species were determined in Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area. DDT, HCH and its metabolites found most dominating while Endrin, Dieldrin and Heptachlor recorded higher among the fifteen monitored pesticides in Damb (Sonmiani) coastal water. All these pesticides are found below the chronic concentration levels as set by the Coastal Water Quality Criteria for Washington State. HCH and Heptachlor were observed to be highest in the coastal sediments of Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area and these values are higher than the Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Standard. DDT, Endosulfan, its metabolites and isomers detected high concentration in marine biota, while α-BHC, Heptachlor and Endrin were also detected in low concentration. A preliminary risk assessment indicates that the daily intake of chlorinated pesticides by people consuming fish from the Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area is still very low and, therefore, is not likely to cause an immediate risk.
M. Saleem, S. H. N. Rizvi, J. Aftab, S. Kahkashan, A. A. Khan和M. Qammaruddin *巴基斯坦卡拉奇国家海洋研究所，卡拉奇克利夫顿1区St-47* monawwars@gmail.com摘要为评价Damb (Sonmiani)沿海地区海水、沉积物、4种鱼类和2种螃蟹样品中有机氯农药(OCPs) 15种类型(α、β、γ、δ HCH、七氯、七氯-环氧化物、endosulan - i、endosulan - ii、Aldrin、Dieldrin、Endrin、Endrin醛、4-4 DDT、4,4 DDE和4,4 DDD)的污染水平。在Damb (Sonmiani)沿海水域监测的15种农药中，滴滴涕、六氯环己烷及其代谢物占主导地位，而Endrin、Dieldrin和七氯含量较高。所有这些农药都低于华盛顿州沿海水质标准规定的长期浓度水平。丹布(Sonmiani)沿岸沉积物中HCH和七氯含量最高，高于加拿大沉积物临时质量标准。滴滴涕、硫丹及其代谢物和异构体在海洋生物群中检测到高浓度，α-六六六、七氯和Endrin也检测到低浓度。一项初步风险评估表明，从Damb (Sonmiani)沿海地区食用鱼类的人每天摄入的氯化农药仍然很低，因此不太可能立即造成风险。
{"title":"Short Assessment Survey of Organochlorine Pesticides in Marine Environment of Damb (Sonmiani) Balochistan","authors":"M. Saleem, S. H. Rizvi, J. Aftab, Sanober Kahkashan, A. Khan, M. Qammaruddin","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P03","url":null,"abstract":"M. Saleem, S. H. N. Rizvi, J. Aftab, S. Kahkashan, A. A. Khan and M. Qammaruddin * National Institute of Oceanography Karachi Pakistan St-47, Block-1 Clifton Karachi Email: * monawwars@gmail.com ABSTRACT To assess the contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) fifteen type (alpha, beta, gamma and delta HCH, Heptachlor, Heptachlor-epoxide, Endosulfan-I, Endosulfan-II, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Endrin aldehyde, 4-4 ́ DDT, 4,4 ́ DDE and 4,4 ́ DDD) of OCPS in samples of sea water, sediments, four fish and two crab species were determined in Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area. DDT, HCH and its metabolites found most dominating while Endrin, Dieldrin and Heptachlor recorded higher among the fifteen monitored pesticides in Damb (Sonmiani) coastal water. All these pesticides are found below the chronic concentration levels as set by the Coastal Water Quality Criteria for Washington State. HCH and Heptachlor were observed to be highest in the coastal sediments of Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area and these values are higher than the Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Standard. DDT, Endosulfan, its metabolites and isomers detected high concentration in marine biota, while α-BHC, Heptachlor and Endrin were also detected in low concentration. A preliminary risk assessment indicates that the daily intake of chlorinated pesticides by people consuming fish from the Damb (Sonmiani) coastal area is still very low and, therefore, is not likely to cause an immediate risk.","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77250833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P05
A. Asamoah, K. Frimpong-Mensah, C. Antwi-Boasiako, N. Darkwa, A. Kusi
In an effort to find new preservatives which are less hazardous, the efficacy of branch bark, leaf, and heartwood water extractives of Erythropleum suaveolens (Potrodom), a highly durable timber species, was tested on Antiaris toxicaria (Chenchen) and Canarium schweinfurthii (Bediwonua) of low natural durability by presssure impregnation. Impregnated Chenchen and Bediwonua were exposed in the field for 6 months in accordance with a modified EN 252. Durability ratings, hardness and mass losses were measured in assessing their field performance. Though Bediwonua and Chenchen retained branch bark water extractives minimally, it conferred the highest resistance to deterioration. Branch bark water extractives represent a potential source of wood preservative.
{"title":"Efficacy of Erythropleum Suaveolens Water Extractives on the Durability of Ghanaian Antiaris toxicaria and Aanarium schweinfurthii","authors":"A. Asamoah, K. Frimpong-Mensah, C. Antwi-Boasiako, N. Darkwa, A. Kusi","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I03.P05","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to find new preservatives which are less hazardous, the efficacy of branch bark, leaf, and heartwood water extractives of Erythropleum suaveolens (Potrodom), a highly durable timber species, was tested on Antiaris toxicaria (Chenchen) and Canarium schweinfurthii (Bediwonua) of low natural durability by presssure impregnation. Impregnated Chenchen and Bediwonua were exposed in the field for 6 months in accordance with a modified EN 252. Durability ratings, hardness and mass losses were measured in assessing their field performance. Though Bediwonua and Chenchen retained branch bark water extractives minimally, it conferred the highest resistance to deterioration. Branch bark water extractives represent a potential source of wood preservative.","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"62 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88519381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P06
Tehmina Fiaz, N. Fatima, S. Zaidi
{"title":"Complexation of Iron by Dopamine Analogs; A Spectrophotometric and Potentiometric Study","authors":"Tehmina Fiaz, N. Fatima, S. Zaidi","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84796723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P07
B. Nemmaniwar, S. Mokle, P. Kadam
The dielectric constant ( ),dielectric loss ( ), relaxation times (τ) and the dipole moments (µ) of the binary mixtures of different molar concentrations of 2-chloroaniline C6H6ClN in the binary mixtures of 2-chloroaniline (2-CA) and 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) C4H10O2 in 1,4-dioxane C4H10O2 solutions were calculated by using standard standing wave microwave X- band techniques and Gopala Krishna’s single frequency 10.985 GHz concentration variational method at different temperatures 20,30,40,50 0 C. The dielectric relaxation process was found to be an activated process. The dielectric relaxation process of binary mixtures containing 30% mole-fraction of 2-CA were calculated at the respective given temperatures. On the basis of the observations, it was found that the dielectric relaxation process could be treated as the rate process like the viscous flow process. The dipole moment of pure and binary mixtures were calculated with varying temperatures. The solute-solute and solute-solvent molecular associations were predicted. Dipole moment (µ) of 2-CA and 2-EE non- linearly increased with rise in temperature.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the dielectric relaxation time of binary mixture of 2-chloroaniline and 2-ethoxyethanol in 1,4-Dioxane solution using microwave absorption data","authors":"B. Nemmaniwar, S. Mokle, P. Kadam","doi":"10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15228/2013.V03.I02.P07","url":null,"abstract":"The dielectric constant ( ),dielectric loss ( ), relaxation times (τ) and the dipole moments (µ) of the binary mixtures of different molar concentrations of 2-chloroaniline C6H6ClN in the binary mixtures of 2-chloroaniline (2-CA) and 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) C4H10O2 in 1,4-dioxane C4H10O2 solutions were calculated by using standard standing wave microwave X- band techniques and Gopala Krishna’s single frequency 10.985 GHz concentration variational method at different temperatures 20,30,40,50 0 C. The dielectric relaxation process was found to be an activated process. The dielectric relaxation process of binary mixtures containing 30% mole-fraction of 2-CA were calculated at the respective given temperatures. On the basis of the observations, it was found that the dielectric relaxation process could be treated as the rate process like the viscous flow process. The dipole moment of pure and binary mixtures were calculated with varying temperatures. The solute-solute and solute-solvent molecular associations were predicted. Dipole moment (µ) of 2-CA and 2-EE non- linearly increased with rise in temperature.","PeriodicalId":19815,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","volume":"14 4","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91500710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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