Thamer Amer Jubouri Al-ogaili, Manimangai Mani, Hardev Kaur, M. Awang
This article examines the function of dystopia in Margaret Atwood‘s The Handmaid‘s Tale (1986). The study will mainly focus of the issues of women marginalization and political corruption by approaching the dystopia qualities in the novel. On the one hand, women marginalization is going to be identified be discussing the inferior position in society as depicted in the novel. This is because women are exploited for domestic drudgery. They lose their equality since there is no opportunity allowed for them to be as independent as men. On the other hand, the issue of political corruption will be explored to sustain the study‘s concern with novel‘s dystopian world. Accordingly, both women marginalization and political corruption will be elaborated as the dystopian peculiarities which contradict Atwood‘s style that seeks utopia society and a world that seems to be utterly corrupted. Therefore, postfeminism is going to be applied as the study‘s theoretical framework, where by women marginalization will be discussed in politically corrupted peripheries.
{"title":"Women Marginalization and Political Corruption in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale","authors":"Thamer Amer Jubouri Al-ogaili, Manimangai Mani, Hardev Kaur, M. Awang","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a7","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the function of dystopia in Margaret Atwood‘s The Handmaid‘s Tale (1986). The study will mainly focus of the issues of women marginalization and political corruption by approaching the dystopia qualities in the novel. On the one hand, women marginalization is going to be identified be discussing the inferior position in society as depicted in the novel. This is because women are exploited for domestic drudgery. They lose their equality since there is no opportunity allowed for them to be as independent as men. On the other hand, the issue of political corruption will be explored to sustain the study‘s concern with novel‘s dystopian world. Accordingly, both women marginalization and political corruption will be elaborated as the dystopian peculiarities which contradict Atwood‘s style that seeks utopia society and a world that seems to be utterly corrupted. Therefore, postfeminism is going to be applied as the study‘s theoretical framework, where by women marginalization will be discussed in politically corrupted peripheries.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133076151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria is a patriarchal society where women are located in the other room. The dominated power structure that upholds and entrenches male authority is sustained by cultural institutions which, humiliates and consigns women not only as sexual objects, but also to the position of obscurity. Sequel to this, gender discrimination has graduated from the home as if it were human and migrated into workplaces lowering the efficiency of women police officers as never before. Following this, the main thrust of this study is to examine the impacts of patriarchy on women police officers with a view to bringing to end gender discrimination in the Nigeria police. Two hypotheses were formulated in order to achieve the objectives of this study, and in addition, literatures related to the variables were reviewed. A survey research was adopted to collect primary data from 200 respondents purposively selected with the aid of a questionnaire. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to test each hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance with degree of freedom and critical values relative to the statistical technique employed. Among the findings, the study observes that women police officers have remained grossly under-represented and as a result, the Nigerian society has not fared any better for supporting male supremacy to the extent that the society has lower expectations for women police officers, leading to fewer opportunities for promotion. Furthermore, the study also reveals that despite the adoption of the International Bill of Rights for Women and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) by the United Nations, to which over 160 countries, including Nigeria were signatories, Nigeria is yet to implement the provision of the instruments. In addition, the study also notes that the subordinate condition of women is daily being oiled and enforced by the hidden viciousness of men unceasingly thereby making women police officers to continue to experience exclusion, and discrimination in offices. Above all, the study shows that the Nigerian constitution guarantees every citizen the right to dignity of the human person, and forbids the subjection of any person to any form of discriminatory practices based on gender. In conclusion, the study upholds that there is no basis for the continued discrimination and marginalization of women police officers, and by implication, the police institution must as matter of importance purge every trait of gender discrimination against women police officers. Based on this, the study suggests that since the Nigerian traditional world is gradually craving for modernization in which potential talents, competencies, skills, abilities and education amongst other speaks for the individual rather than the gender, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift to abolish the impacts of patriarchy on women police officers in Nigeria and ensure gender equality. Finally, since the advoca
{"title":"The Impacts of Patriarchy on Women Police Officers in Nigeria: The Need to Abolish Gender Discrimination","authors":"Grace A.T Scent, C. Chima, Obuzor Mezewo Emerinwe, Hon. Blessing Okwuchi Nwagba","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v8n1a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v8n1a5","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is a patriarchal society where women are located in the other room. The dominated power structure that upholds and entrenches male authority is sustained by cultural institutions which, humiliates and consigns women not only as sexual objects, but also to the position of obscurity. Sequel to this, gender discrimination has graduated from the home as if it were human and migrated into workplaces lowering the efficiency of women police officers as never before. Following this, the main thrust of this study is to examine the impacts of patriarchy on women police officers with a view to bringing to end gender discrimination in the Nigeria police. Two hypotheses were formulated in order to achieve the objectives of this study, and in addition, literatures related to the variables were reviewed. A survey research was adopted to collect primary data from 200 respondents purposively selected with the aid of a questionnaire. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to test each hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance with degree of freedom and critical values relative to the statistical technique employed. Among the findings, the study observes that women police officers have remained grossly under-represented and as a result, the Nigerian society has not fared any better for supporting male supremacy to the extent that the society has lower expectations for women police officers, leading to fewer opportunities for promotion. Furthermore, the study also reveals that despite the adoption of the International Bill of Rights for Women and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) by the United Nations, to which over 160 countries, including Nigeria were signatories, Nigeria is yet to implement the provision of the instruments. In addition, the study also notes that the subordinate condition of women is daily being oiled and enforced by the hidden viciousness of men unceasingly thereby making women police officers to continue to experience exclusion, and discrimination in offices. Above all, the study shows that the Nigerian constitution guarantees every citizen the right to dignity of the human person, and forbids the subjection of any person to any form of discriminatory practices based on gender. In conclusion, the study upholds that there is no basis for the continued discrimination and marginalization of women police officers, and by implication, the police institution must as matter of importance purge every trait of gender discrimination against women police officers. Based on this, the study suggests that since the Nigerian traditional world is gradually craving for modernization in which potential talents, competencies, skills, abilities and education amongst other speaks for the individual rather than the gender, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift to abolish the impacts of patriarchy on women police officers in Nigeria and ensure gender equality. Finally, since the advoca","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127802598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted in 14 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as well as in Buffalo, NY. The mixed method, i.e. qualitative and quantitative was employed with the intention of understanding the people‟s perception regarding women who participate in the business. In addition a t-test was carried out using SPSS to find the mean differences between the two parties, and the US was actually included as a study model. From respondents‟ point of views, it was revealed that no mean differences in perception between participants from SSA and those from Buffalo, NY in relation to women who participate in business. However, respondents from both sides indicated discrimination and unfairness against women participating in business to be a widespread problem. Strangely, participants, and the literature review, indicated the reverence of women relies on the level of education and the work position that women hold in the society. The study concludes that when solving issues of discrimination / unfairness against women in the business, it would be wise to include both men and women and not women alone. Finally, the family level training to address the problem must start from early ages of children at home, since tradition families continue to be the foundation of education for children and of the social life. be free to pursue any level of education. The answers indicated the society‟s willingness toward gender freedom and equal opportunity for all girls and boys. In the U.S. 72 % and 22% strongly agree and agree respectively for equal opportunity.
{"title":"The Analysis of Sub-Saharan African Women Participation in Business, Using the US as a Study Model","authors":"Agnes Bhoke-Africanus, S. Starnawska","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in 14 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as well as in Buffalo, NY. The mixed method, i.e. qualitative and quantitative was employed with the intention of understanding the people‟s perception regarding women who participate in the business. In addition a t-test was carried out using SPSS to find the mean differences between the two parties, and the US was actually included as a study model. From respondents‟ point of views, it was revealed that no mean differences in perception between participants from SSA and those from Buffalo, NY in relation to women who participate in business. However, respondents from both sides indicated discrimination and unfairness against women participating in business to be a widespread problem. Strangely, participants, and the literature review, indicated the reverence of women relies on the level of education and the work position that women hold in the society. The study concludes that when solving issues of discrimination / unfairness against women in the business, it would be wise to include both men and women and not women alone. Finally, the family level training to address the problem must start from early ages of children at home, since tradition families continue to be the foundation of education for children and of the social life. be free to pursue any level of education. The answers indicated the society‟s willingness toward gender freedom and equal opportunity for all girls and boys. In the U.S. 72 % and 22% strongly agree and agree respectively for equal opportunity.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128504655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nigerian northern bloc is an extensive, highly variegated and multi-layered, geo-political and cultural space. It forms a pendulous stretch from the east to the west coast of the northern part of Nigeria and this is also inclusive of a large middle belt. In this large space, there is a plurality of cultures, traditions, peoples, religions, linguistic groups and histories—a potpourri of sorts. Thus, a discerning reader of the emerging literatures of this region cannot regard them in any kind of homogenous or monolithic manner. There is, therefore, an immediately striking contradiction that is subsumed in the very notion of ̳Northern Nigerian‘ literature. The heterogeneity of this region is complexly symbolic of the multiplicities, divergences and the syncretism of the influences that nuance the lives and realities of the people of the entire nation.
{"title":"Paradoxes of Religion in the Prose Fiction of Northern Nigerian Women: A Study of Asabe Kabir Usman’s Destinies of Life and Phebe Veronica Jatau’s The Hound","authors":"O. Ladele, A. Adetunmbi","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a12","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian northern bloc is an extensive, highly variegated and multi-layered, geo-political and cultural space. It forms a pendulous stretch from the east to the west coast of the northern part of Nigeria and this is also inclusive of a large middle belt. In this large space, there is a plurality of cultures, traditions, peoples, religions, linguistic groups and histories—a potpourri of sorts. Thus, a discerning reader of the emerging literatures of this region cannot regard them in any kind of homogenous or monolithic manner. There is, therefore, an immediately striking contradiction that is subsumed in the very notion of ̳Northern Nigerian‘ literature. The heterogeneity of this region is complexly symbolic of the multiplicities, divergences and the syncretism of the influences that nuance the lives and realities of the people of the entire nation.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, sexual violence against women, as one of the most important social and public health problems, more than ever, it has been criticized by public opinion and social reformers. Sexual violence against women, early explanations focus on their psychology or biology, while the root of this kind of violence deeply lies behind cultural norms, social norms and the beliefs of a community. Culture and social norms are very wide. Normative and cultural principles can be positive and appropriate or sometimes negative and harmful that following to the correct cultural norms and avoiding of false cultural can ensure the security of women in the avoid of sexual violence. however, the danger of sexual violence for human rights and stability its effects in victim(a woman who has been violent) require independent review. This article is by documentary method, and evidence-based and through the case report, in addition to the etiology of sexual violence against women from a cultural perspective, analyzing the public health approach as a preventive intervention of this type of violence.
{"title":"Cultural Structure and Sexual Violence against Iranian Women (Survey of preventive strategies based on the public health approach)","authors":"Atefeh Batyari","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p12","url":null,"abstract":"Today, sexual violence against women, as one of the most important social and public health problems, more than ever, it has been criticized by public opinion and social reformers. Sexual violence against women, early explanations focus on their psychology or biology, while the root of this kind of violence deeply lies behind cultural norms, social norms and the beliefs of a community. Culture and social norms are very wide. Normative and cultural principles can be positive and appropriate or sometimes negative and harmful that following to the correct cultural norms and avoiding of false cultural can ensure the security of women in the avoid of sexual violence. however, the danger of sexual violence for human rights and stability its effects in victim(a woman who has been violent) require independent review. This article is by documentary method, and evidence-based and through the case report, in addition to the etiology of sexual violence against women from a cultural perspective, analyzing the public health approach as a preventive intervention of this type of violence.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130753959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to assess how age and leisure time influence participation in recreational activities among women in Kibera Informal Settlement. Chi-square (x2) test of independence at a significance level of 0.05 was used to test the existing relationship between the frequency of participation in recreational activities, age and available leisure time. Data was collected through questionnaires from (n=384) women residing in Kibera Informal settlement. Findings showed that the majority of women were self-employed, earned less than Ksh.10, 000 per month, had attained primary level of education, they were aged between 2025 years and they had family sizes of 1 to 2 children. Both age and leisure time were major determinants of frequency of participation in recreational activities. Findings of the study suggest that the ministries of Health and Sports should educate the members of the public within the informal settlement areas on the health benefits of recreation and good time management to encourage frequent participation in recreational activities, recreation service providers to avail affordable and pleasanter recreational facilities/programmes to cater for all ages.
{"title":"Influence of Age and Time on Women’s Recreation Participation: A Case of Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"P. Mureithi, A. Mwisukha, V. Onywera","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p10","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess how age and leisure time influence participation in recreational activities among women in Kibera Informal Settlement. Chi-square (x2) test of independence at a significance level of 0.05 was used to test the existing relationship between the frequency of participation in recreational activities, age and available leisure time. Data was collected through questionnaires from (n=384) women residing in Kibera Informal settlement. Findings showed that the majority of women were self-employed, earned less than Ksh.10, 000 per month, had attained primary level of education, they were aged between 2025 years and they had family sizes of 1 to 2 children. Both age and leisure time were major determinants of frequency of participation in recreational activities. Findings of the study suggest that the ministries of Health and Sports should educate the members of the public within the informal settlement areas on the health benefits of recreation and good time management to encourage frequent participation in recreational activities, recreation service providers to avail affordable and pleasanter recreational facilities/programmes to cater for all ages.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123548114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender inequalities in education and employment hinder women empowerment and impede the process of growth and development of a country. The rapid economic growth accompanied by massive expansion of the education system should lead to an increase in women employment. But the conspicuous absence of women in the Indian labour market is an outcome of the deep routed gender bias that continues to dent the process of women empowerment and gender neutrality at workplaces. There is a wave of policy discourse on declining participation of women in the labour force and rising unemployment. The paper, through an economic analysis of historic data, attempts to examine the gender perspective of the Indian labour market. It is found that the decline is sharp for rural women. Moreover, women employment in rural areas is largely agriculture-driven which makes them vulnerable to urban employment opportunities.
{"title":"The Indian Labour Market: A Gendered Perspective","authors":"Ms. Sonam Arora","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v8n1a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v8n1a4","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequalities in education and employment hinder women empowerment and impede the process of growth and development of a country. The rapid economic growth accompanied by massive expansion of the education system should lead to an increase in women employment. But the conspicuous absence of women in the Indian labour market is an outcome of the deep routed gender bias that continues to dent the process of women empowerment and gender neutrality at workplaces. There is a wave of policy discourse on declining participation of women in the labour force and rising unemployment. The paper, through an economic analysis of historic data, attempts to examine the gender perspective of the Indian labour market. It is found that the decline is sharp for rural women. Moreover, women employment in rural areas is largely agriculture-driven which makes them vulnerable to urban employment opportunities.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we offer a grounded, interdisciplinary profile of Khmer American women and girls within diasporic, historical, intergenerational, family and community contexts. Our synthesis begins with a critical historical framing and demographic analysis. Through brief case studies of two local Khmer womencentered commitments during the past two decades—one focused on street-based girls‘ development and one dedicated to documentation of grandmother knowledge—we then foreground the importance of recognizing transnational, traumatic legacies and the power of intergenerational storytelling over time. We conclude with reflections based on our collaborative efforts to develop and document Khmer diasporic women-centered leadership within the structure, culture, and long-term educational praxis of an Asian American Studies academic program at one urban, public, minority-serving university in the United States.
{"title":"Reflective Praxis and Program-Building for Khmer American Women’s Leadership","authors":"S. Tang, Kim Soun, L. Thiem","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we offer a grounded, interdisciplinary profile of Khmer American women and girls within diasporic, historical, intergenerational, family and community contexts. Our synthesis begins with a critical historical framing and demographic analysis. Through brief case studies of two local Khmer womencentered commitments during the past two decades—one focused on street-based girls‘ development and one dedicated to documentation of grandmother knowledge—we then foreground the importance of recognizing transnational, traumatic legacies and the power of intergenerational storytelling over time. We conclude with reflections based on our collaborative efforts to develop and document Khmer diasporic women-centered leadership within the structure, culture, and long-term educational praxis of an Asian American Studies academic program at one urban, public, minority-serving university in the United States.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivaughn Hem-Lee-Forsyth, C. Hunter, Justin W McNab, Christine Ku
The worldwide feminisation of HIV and AIDS has not left the Caribbean region unscathed. A decade ago, infection rates among West Indian women were 3-6 times higher than those of men. This paper addresses the crucial and inter-related roles of socio-cultural issues such as: patriarchy, commercialization of sex, men who have sex with men, violence and religious practices; all of which contribute to HIV and AIDS risk in the Caribbean. In so doing, the paper raises awareness of the stark reality of the lives of Caribbean women and the ways in which Caribbean culture disproportionately exposes them to the risk of contracting HIV and AIDS. The paper concludes and recommends that further research should be done to address the key sociocultural elements that negatively influence male-female relationships and their impact on HIV and AIDS risk in the Caribbean.
{"title":"Culture and its impact on the feminisation of HIV and AIDS risk among Caribbean women","authors":"Shivaughn Hem-Lee-Forsyth, C. Hunter, Justin W McNab, Christine Ku","doi":"10.15640/IJGWS.V7N1A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/IJGWS.V7N1A3","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide feminisation of HIV and AIDS has not left the Caribbean region unscathed. A decade ago, infection rates among West Indian women were 3-6 times higher than those of men. This paper addresses the crucial and inter-related roles of socio-cultural issues such as: patriarchy, commercialization of sex, men who have sex with men, violence and religious practices; all of which contribute to HIV and AIDS risk in the Caribbean. In so doing, the paper raises awareness of the stark reality of the lives of Caribbean women and the ways in which Caribbean culture disproportionately exposes them to the risk of contracting HIV and AIDS. The paper concludes and recommends that further research should be done to address the key sociocultural elements that negatively influence male-female relationships and their impact on HIV and AIDS risk in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116733322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria has policies and strategies in place to promote gender equality, participation and empowerment. Nevertheless, women‟s socio-economic remains significantly low. Reasons for all of these are rooted in three major challenges: socio-cultural barriers, gender stereotypes, and illiteracy among the populace. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to evaluate women unpaid domestic work reflecting on the interplay of gender, culture and stereotypes. Unfortunately, unpaid domestic care work is generally perceived to be less valuable than paid work, it is ignored, under-estimated and not considered to be “work”; even by the women and men who engage in and benefit directly from these activities. The paper showcases how gender responsive approaches in division of labour can be utilized for women domestic unpaid work to be recognised and its economic value estimated.
{"title":"Gender Justice and Empowerment: Evaluating Women’s Unpaid Care Work in Nigeria","authors":"Grace Atim, Bosede Awodola","doi":"10.15640/ijgws.v8n2a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v8n2a4","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has policies and strategies in place to promote gender equality, participation and empowerment. Nevertheless, women‟s socio-economic remains significantly low. Reasons for all of these are rooted in three major challenges: socio-cultural barriers, gender stereotypes, and illiteracy among the populace. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to evaluate women unpaid domestic work reflecting on the interplay of gender, culture and stereotypes. Unfortunately, unpaid domestic care work is generally perceived to be less valuable than paid work, it is ignored, under-estimated and not considered to be “work”; even by the women and men who engage in and benefit directly from these activities. The paper showcases how gender responsive approaches in division of labour can be utilized for women domestic unpaid work to be recognised and its economic value estimated.","PeriodicalId":198281,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENDER & WOMEN'S STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128167130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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