Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662138
Dwijasish Das, Chandan Kumar
A variable frequency transformer (VFT) is a power transfer device used to exchange power between two grids operating at different frequencies. Conventional VFTs are rotational machines working on the principle of induction. This paper proposes the use of a smart transformer (ST) as a VFT. Conventional VFTs have issues like uncontrolled reactive power flow, high power torque fluctuations, etc. These issues can be mitigated by using ST as a VFT. To handle power levels at which VFTs generally work, design procedures for the ST converters are explained. Such a connection of asynchronous grids with ST is also advantageous over conventional HVdc solutions. The line frequency transformers used in HVdc systems are replaced, and high frequency transformer used in ST helps reduce the size and weight of the system. Moreover, additional dc links of the ST allow for connection to MVdc grids, renewable energy systems, storage, etc. Simulation results show satisfactory operation of the proposed scheme.
{"title":"Smart Transformer as a Variable Frequency Transformer","authors":"Dwijasish Das, Chandan Kumar","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662138","url":null,"abstract":"A variable frequency transformer (VFT) is a power transfer device used to exchange power between two grids operating at different frequencies. Conventional VFTs are rotational machines working on the principle of induction. This paper proposes the use of a smart transformer (ST) as a VFT. Conventional VFTs have issues like uncontrolled reactive power flow, high power torque fluctuations, etc. These issues can be mitigated by using ST as a VFT. To handle power levels at which VFTs generally work, design procedures for the ST converters are explained. Such a connection of asynchronous grids with ST is also advantageous over conventional HVdc solutions. The line frequency transformers used in HVdc systems are replaced, and high frequency transformer used in ST helps reduce the size and weight of the system. Moreover, additional dc links of the ST allow for connection to MVdc grids, renewable energy systems, storage, etc. Simulation results show satisfactory operation of the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128049539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662144
Claudio Burgos-Mellado, F. Donoso, J. Llanos, M. Martínez-Gómez, H. K. Morales-Paredes, M. Torres
This paper proposes a secondary distributed control strategy to achieve the sharing of unbalanced currents between 3-leg power converters, operating under droop control, in a three-phase three-wire isolated Microgrid (MG). To this end, a modified $Q$ - $E$ droop controller is used, where new control actions are defined to achieve the unbalanced currents sharing amongst the converters. These control actions are generated, in the secondary control level, by a consensus-based algorithm, where the consensus variables correspond to the single-phase reactive powers of the converters. This paper shows that sharing negative sequence current components amongst the power converters can be managed by achieving a consensus (per phase) of single-phase reactive powers. Extensive simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed controller.
{"title":"Consensus-Based Distributed Control for Improving the Sharing of Unbalanced Currents in Three-phase Three-wire Isolated Microgrids","authors":"Claudio Burgos-Mellado, F. Donoso, J. Llanos, M. Martínez-Gómez, H. K. Morales-Paredes, M. Torres","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a secondary distributed control strategy to achieve the sharing of unbalanced currents between 3-leg power converters, operating under droop control, in a three-phase three-wire isolated Microgrid (MG). To this end, a modified $Q$ - $E$ droop controller is used, where new control actions are defined to achieve the unbalanced currents sharing amongst the converters. These control actions are generated, in the secondary control level, by a consensus-based algorithm, where the consensus variables correspond to the single-phase reactive powers of the converters. This paper shows that sharing negative sequence current components amongst the power converters can be managed by achieving a consensus (per phase) of single-phase reactive powers. Extensive simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed controller.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128401732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662146
M. Reischboeck, Igor Ljubenkovic, R. Ganjavi
This paper provides a functional overview demanded from microgrid control applications. Microgrids are local and smart distribution grids with conventional tie connection to distribution utilities and their own internal renewable generations (e.g., solar and wind), co-generations (e.g., combined heat & power), energy storage systems (e.g., as electricity or heat), and diesel generators. Microgrid centers are constructed to supervise and control the generation and consumption in microgrids. The core of such system is the microgrid control system which should simultaneously control different field assets combined with overall energy cost, efficiency, environmental impact assessment and dynamic management. Microgrid control applications are also established to optimize the power and energy supply in their control area.[1]
{"title":"Functional Overview of Microgrid Control Applications","authors":"M. Reischboeck, Igor Ljubenkovic, R. Ganjavi","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a functional overview demanded from microgrid control applications. Microgrids are local and smart distribution grids with conventional tie connection to distribution utilities and their own internal renewable generations (e.g., solar and wind), co-generations (e.g., combined heat & power), energy storage systems (e.g., as electricity or heat), and diesel generators. Microgrid centers are constructed to supervise and control the generation and consumption in microgrids. The core of such system is the microgrid control system which should simultaneously control different field assets combined with overall energy cost, efficiency, environmental impact assessment and dynamic management. Microgrid control applications are also established to optimize the power and energy supply in their control area.[1]","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126068775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662148
Kaustubh Bhatnagar, Subham S. Sahoo, F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg
The transition of conventional power system onto power electronics dominated grid (PEDG) has lead to amplified complexity in system-level control schemes to maintain reliability and operational stability. Considering the abundance of data in PEDG, machine learning (ML) schemes have emerged as a promising alternative. In this article, a physical guided data-driven approach using pattern recognition neural network (PRNN) is employed with semi-supervised learning. To distinguish between the faults and cyber-attacks without relying historical data scenarios. Finally, the results of proposed approach are discussed by utilizing ML tools.
{"title":"Physics Guided Data-Driven Characterization of Anomalies in Power Electronic Systems","authors":"Kaustubh Bhatnagar, Subham S. Sahoo, F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662148","url":null,"abstract":"The transition of conventional power system onto power electronics dominated grid (PEDG) has lead to amplified complexity in system-level control schemes to maintain reliability and operational stability. Considering the abundance of data in PEDG, machine learning (ML) schemes have emerged as a promising alternative. In this article, a physical guided data-driven approach using pattern recognition neural network (PRNN) is employed with semi-supervised learning. To distinguish between the faults and cyber-attacks without relying historical data scenarios. Finally, the results of proposed approach are discussed by utilizing ML tools.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9712467
Arash Nazari, Yaosuo Xue, J. Motwani, I. Cvetkovic, D. Dong, D. Boroyevich
With the increase in the development and implementation of distributed energy resources, application of parallel connected inverters is increasing and as a result having accurate modeling and simulation tools that can help in the design, analysis and stability assessment of the grid is of great importance. Development of fundamental methods that can achieve accurate, reliable, and computationally efficient results can be very beneficial. Application of Dynamic phasor (DP) modeling method has been limited to study of limited harmonics and small combination of interconnected converters due to the complexity associated with developing models that describe larger systems. In this paper, application of DP modeling method is expanded to model any number of parallel connected three phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with inclusion of a wider harmonic content including fundamental, subharmonics, inter-harmonics, switching frequency and their sidebands. Results achieved from this modeling method is compared with conventional average model as well as detailed switching model and the effect of inclusion of wider harmonic content on accuracy of DP modeling method is demonstrated.
{"title":"Dynamic Phasor Modeling of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverters","authors":"Arash Nazari, Yaosuo Xue, J. Motwani, I. Cvetkovic, D. Dong, D. Boroyevich","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9712467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9712467","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the development and implementation of distributed energy resources, application of parallel connected inverters is increasing and as a result having accurate modeling and simulation tools that can help in the design, analysis and stability assessment of the grid is of great importance. Development of fundamental methods that can achieve accurate, reliable, and computationally efficient results can be very beneficial. Application of Dynamic phasor (DP) modeling method has been limited to study of limited harmonics and small combination of interconnected converters due to the complexity associated with developing models that describe larger systems. In this paper, application of DP modeling method is expanded to model any number of parallel connected three phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with inclusion of a wider harmonic content including fundamental, subharmonics, inter-harmonics, switching frequency and their sidebands. Results achieved from this modeling method is compared with conventional average model as well as detailed switching model and the effect of inclusion of wider harmonic content on accuracy of DP modeling method is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125747531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cybersecurity of inverters has been significantly important as inverters become smarter in cyber-physical environments. However, firmware security of smart inverters against firmware attacks from various attack vectors has been less studied. This paper proposes a secure firmware update and device authentication method using a blockchain-based public key infrastructure (PKI) management system and a physically unclonable function (PUF)-embedded security module in a smart inverter. The proposed method is validated by experiments.
{"title":"Secure Firmware Update and Device Authentication for Smart Inverters using Blockchain and Phyiscally Uncloable Function (PUF)-Embedded Security Module","authors":"Jinchun Choi, Bohyun Ahn, Swathi Pedavalli, Seerin Ahmad, Abigail Villasenor, Taesic Kim","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662155","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity of inverters has been significantly important as inverters become smarter in cyber-physical environments. However, firmware security of smart inverters against firmware attacks from various attack vectors has been less studied. This paper proposes a secure firmware update and device authentication method using a blockchain-based public key infrastructure (PKI) management system and a physically unclonable function (PUF)-embedded security module in a smart inverter. The proposed method is validated by experiments.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662139
Anjan Debnath, Temitayo O. Olowu, Sukanta Roy, A. Sarwat
This paper proposes a control strategy for Photovoltaic (PV) system and energy storage system (ESS) in an islanded DC microgrid. In contrast to conventional control techniques where the battery is mostly responsible for DC grid voltage regulation, the proposed strategy utilizes PV based controller separately in regulating the microgrid voltage when battery is fully charged and disconnected, consequently reducing the overcharging stress on the battery, thereby prolonging the battery-life. The simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed controller in regulating the DC bus voltage despite of varying irradiance conditions and varying load conditions.
{"title":"Voltage Regulation and Battery Stress-Reduction Strategy for DC microgrid","authors":"Anjan Debnath, Temitayo O. Olowu, Sukanta Roy, A. Sarwat","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a control strategy for Photovoltaic (PV) system and energy storage system (ESS) in an islanded DC microgrid. In contrast to conventional control techniques where the battery is mostly responsible for DC grid voltage regulation, the proposed strategy utilizes PV based controller separately in regulating the microgrid voltage when battery is fully charged and disconnected, consequently reducing the overcharging stress on the battery, thereby prolonging the battery-life. The simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed controller in regulating the DC bus voltage despite of varying irradiance conditions and varying load conditions.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662161
Mojtaba Ahanch, R. McCann, A. Mantooth
MMC-based back-to-back (B2B) converters are promising for hybrid AC/DC transmission systems when integrating large scale PV sources. This paper proposes a novel configuration for hybrid AC transmission systems with B2B converters and multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) operation which facilitates the integration of PV energy and enhances the system stability and reliability. This is achieved by an advanced interconnection with two operation modes: 1-A bi-directional power flow via AC connections, and 2- Direct active power injection to the MTDC from PV source. Conventional outer, inner and capacitor voltage balancing control systems are utilized in this study for regulating the currents and voltages of B2B converter. Also, The Perturb and observe (P and O) technique is implemented for obtaining maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV generation considering a dc-dc boost converter. The efficacy of this proposed configuration is verified through time-domain simulations carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
{"title":"Hybrid AC Transmission System with Back-to-Back Converter Configuration and MTDC Operation Considering PV Energy Integration","authors":"Mojtaba Ahanch, R. McCann, A. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662161","url":null,"abstract":"MMC-based back-to-back (B2B) converters are promising for hybrid AC/DC transmission systems when integrating large scale PV sources. This paper proposes a novel configuration for hybrid AC transmission systems with B2B converters and multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) operation which facilitates the integration of PV energy and enhances the system stability and reliability. This is achieved by an advanced interconnection with two operation modes: 1-A bi-directional power flow via AC connections, and 2- Direct active power injection to the MTDC from PV source. Conventional outer, inner and capacitor voltage balancing control systems are utilized in this study for regulating the currents and voltages of B2B converter. Also, The Perturb and observe (P and O) technique is implemented for obtaining maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV generation considering a dc-dc boost converter. The efficacy of this proposed configuration is verified through time-domain simulations carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126261487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662150
Liangwei Huang, Chao Wu, Dao Zhou, F. Blaabjerg
Conventional dual-loop grid-forming (GFM) inverters tend to be unstable when connecting to a stronger grid with a small grid inductance. Virtual inductance methods can increase the equivalent inductance to enhance stability. However, the impact of virtual inductance on the small-signal stability of GFM inverters is still absent in existing research. Hence, the stabilities of two virtual inductance methods (i.e. admittance method and impedance method) are compared initially in this paper. It is revealed that the stability range of the virtual admittance method is wider than that of the virtual impedance method. Besides, for the virtual admittance method, the stability is mainly influenced by the value of virtual admittance. A complex-value single-input single-output (SISO) small-signal model is proposed in this paper to find the critical stable value of the virtual admittance, which is not only simple but almost as accurate as the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Impact of Virtual Admittance on Small-Signal Stability of Grid-Forming Inverters","authors":"Liangwei Huang, Chao Wu, Dao Zhou, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662150","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional dual-loop grid-forming (GFM) inverters tend to be unstable when connecting to a stronger grid with a small grid inductance. Virtual inductance methods can increase the equivalent inductance to enhance stability. However, the impact of virtual inductance on the small-signal stability of GFM inverters is still absent in existing research. Hence, the stabilities of two virtual inductance methods (i.e. admittance method and impedance method) are compared initially in this paper. It is revealed that the stability range of the virtual admittance method is wider than that of the virtual impedance method. Besides, for the virtual admittance method, the stability is mainly influenced by the value of virtual admittance. A complex-value single-input single-output (SISO) small-signal model is proposed in this paper to find the critical stable value of the virtual admittance, which is not only simple but almost as accurate as the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124190800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662135
M. Ghassemi, Ashkan Barzkar
While high voltage direct current and low voltage direct current architectures have been well researched and developed, this is not the case for medium voltage direct current (MVDC) ones. Regarding recent efforts to develop fast and powerful MVDC circuit breakers, future MVDC networks mainly as MVDC microgrids are being envisaged and studied for power grids, subsea oil and gas electrification, and transportation electrification such as all-electric ships and aircraft (AES, AEA), and thus, new tools, models, and solvers for various studies on DC networks are needed. In this regard, although many educational and commercial power flow (PF) solvers and algorithms have been developed for AC networks, pieces of research can barely be found dealing with PF methods for DC networks. This paper aims to address this technical gap by developing two PF solvers for DC microgrids under constant power generation and loads, namely Zbus method and monotone mapping. Solvers are coded in MATLAB, tested, and validated using an on-broad MVDC microgrid, the fully electrified NASA N3-X aircraft electric power system (EPS), where solutions' existence, uniqueness, and convergence are discussed as well.
{"title":"Power Flow Solvers for Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) Microgrids","authors":"M. Ghassemi, Ashkan Barzkar","doi":"10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eGRID52793.2021.9662135","url":null,"abstract":"While high voltage direct current and low voltage direct current architectures have been well researched and developed, this is not the case for medium voltage direct current (MVDC) ones. Regarding recent efforts to develop fast and powerful MVDC circuit breakers, future MVDC networks mainly as MVDC microgrids are being envisaged and studied for power grids, subsea oil and gas electrification, and transportation electrification such as all-electric ships and aircraft (AES, AEA), and thus, new tools, models, and solvers for various studies on DC networks are needed. In this regard, although many educational and commercial power flow (PF) solvers and algorithms have been developed for AC networks, pieces of research can barely be found dealing with PF methods for DC networks. This paper aims to address this technical gap by developing two PF solvers for DC microgrids under constant power generation and loads, namely Zbus method and monotone mapping. Solvers are coded in MATLAB, tested, and validated using an on-broad MVDC microgrid, the fully electrified NASA N3-X aircraft electric power system (EPS), where solutions' existence, uniqueness, and convergence are discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":198321,"journal":{"name":"2021 6th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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