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Internet of Things: The Way Ahead 物联网:未来之路
Z. Maamar
The Internet of Things (IoT) is among the latest Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) developments that is making the boundaries between reality and fiction vanish. According to Mark Weiser, "...The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it." [5]. The International Data Corporation (IDC) also mentions the huge spending on IoT that "...will increase by a compound annual growth rate of 13.6% from 2017 to 2022, reaching $1.2 trillion within the next four years"1. To sustain this rapid growth, IoT should overcome different obstacles such as diversity of things' development technologies and communication standards, users' reluctance and sometimes rejection due to things invading their privacy, lack of killer applications that demonstrate the necessity of things, lack of an IoT-oriented software engineering discipline, and finally, the passive nature of things. To address these obstacles, the research community is putting forward many solutions that would make things proactive and responsive to their cyber-physical surroundings. This should allow things for instance, to reach out to peers that expose collaborative behavior, to form dynamic alliances when necessary, to avoid peers that expose malicious behavior, and to be accountable for their actions. In this keynote presentation, we discuss our ongoing research agenda on IoT with focus on four initiatives: process-of-things [3], mutation-of-things [1], cloud-fog-things [2, 6], and finally, vetting-things [4].
物联网(IoT)是信息通信技术(ICT)的最新发展成果之一,它正在使现实与虚构之间的界限消失。根据Mark Weiser的说法,“……最深奥的技术是那些已经消失的技术。他们把自己编织到日常生活的结构中,直到与日常生活无法区分。”[5]。国际数据公司(IDC)也提到了物联网的巨额支出,“……从2017年到2022年,将以13.6%的复合年增长率增长,在未来四年内达到1.2万亿美元。为了维持这种快速增长,物联网应该克服各种障碍,例如物联网开发技术和通信标准的多样性,用户因侵犯其隐私而不情愿甚至有时拒绝,缺乏证明物联网必要性的杀手级应用程序,缺乏面向物联网的软件工程学科,最后,物联网的被动性质。为了解决这些障碍,研究界提出了许多解决方案,使事物能够主动响应其网络物理环境。这应该允许一些事情,例如,接触暴露合作行为的同伴,必要时形成动态联盟,避免暴露恶意行为的同伴,并对他们的行为负责。在本次主题演讲中,我们将讨论我们正在进行的物联网研究议程,重点关注四个倡议:物联网过程[3],物联网突变[1],云雾物联网[2,6],最后是审查物联网[4]。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Information Retrieval in Digital Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Survey 数字生态系统空间信息检索研究综述
A. Carniel
Spatial information retrieval is a common task of digital ecosystems due to the popularity of collecting and storing spatial information and phenomena in the world of the Internet of Things (IoT). Spatial relationships play an important role in this context by specifying how two or more spatial objects are related or connected. Examples of spatial relationships include topological relationships (e.g., intersect, overlap, contains), metric relationships (e.g., nearest neighbors), and direction relationships (e.g., cardinal directions like north and south). Many works in the literature have proposed definitions and implementations of spatial queries based on specific types of spatial relationships. Hence, a holistic view of these works is important to understand their applicability and relations. This paper advances in the literature by providing a comprehensive survey of the implementations and types of spatial queries that can be used by digital ecosystems. We present a novel characterization based on spatial relationships to define topological-based, metric-based, and direction-based spatial queries. For each type of spatial query, we present its intuitive and formal definitions together with possible strategies of implementation. Further, we identify hybrid spatial queries as combinations of two or more spatial relationships, and spatial joins as generalization cases. In addition, we present some equivalences between some types of queries. As a result, we point out future research topics in spatial information retrieval.
由于物联网(IoT)世界中空间信息和现象的收集和存储的普及,空间信息检索是数字生态系统的共同任务。在这种情况下,空间关系通过指定两个或多个空间对象如何关联或连接而发挥重要作用。空间关系的例子包括拓扑关系(如相交、重叠、包含)、度量关系(如最近邻)和方向关系(如南北等基本方向)。文献中的许多工作都提出了基于特定类型空间关系的空间查询的定义和实现。因此,从整体的角度来看待这些作品对于理解它们的适用性和相互关系是很重要的。本文通过提供数字生态系统可使用的空间查询的实现和类型的全面调查,在文献中取得了进展。我们提出了一种基于空间关系的新特征来定义基于拓扑、基于度量和基于方向的空间查询。对于每种类型的空间查询,我们给出了其直观和形式化的定义以及可能的实现策略。此外,我们将混合空间查询定义为两个或多个空间关系的组合,将空间连接定义为泛化案例。此外,我们还给出了某些查询类型之间的一些等价。最后,提出了空间信息检索未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 3
Towards a Crypto Asset Taxonomy: A Text Classification-based Approach 迈向加密资产分类:基于文本分类的方法
Ozan Kose, P. Senkul, Gokce E. Phillips
There are over 1900 cryptocurrencies trading in the market as of September 2020 and the number is rapidly growing. In the current crypto scene, cryptocurrencies are seen as investment vehicles by many, yet every crypto asset is designed to operate in a specific sector within a pre-defined business model. In addition to sector, there are various characteristics and factors that differentiate one crypto asset from another. Crypto investors can leverage these factors and characteristics and use these indicators to create different trading strategies. In our work, in order to guide the decision-making process for investors and to help them analyse crypto assets in a holistic manner, we classify the crypto assets under various characteristics, aiming towards a crypto asset taxonomy. In this paper, we focus on automated annotation of the cryptocurrencies in terms of sector, transaction anonymity and asset type through the public information. Though the information we utilise is public, it is scattered around quite a vast number of sources in different formats. Therefore, we generated an annotated dataset by collecting information from various sources. We utilised several supervised learning algorithms, including both traditional ones and more recent neural models, and analyzed the classification performance for the three aspects.
截至2020年9月,市场上有超过1900种加密货币交易,而且这个数字还在迅速增长。在当前的加密场景中,加密货币被许多人视为投资工具,但每种加密资产都被设计为在预定义的商业模式下在特定领域运营。除了部门之外,还有各种特征和因素将一种加密资产与另一种区分开来。加密货币投资者可以利用这些因素和特征,并使用这些指标来创建不同的交易策略。在我们的工作中,为了指导投资者的决策过程,并帮助他们以整体的方式分析加密资产,我们根据各种特征对加密资产进行分类,旨在实现加密资产分类。在本文中,我们重点研究了通过公共信息对加密货币在部门、交易匿名性和资产类型方面的自动标注。虽然我们使用的信息是公开的,但它以不同的格式分散在相当多的来源中。因此,我们通过从各种来源收集信息来生成一个带注释的数据集。我们使用了几种监督学习算法,包括传统的和最新的神经模型,并分析了这三个方面的分类性能。
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引用次数: 1
Scalable Execution of Big Data Workflows using Software Containers 使用软件容器实现大数据工作流的可扩展执行
Yared Dejene Dessalk, Nikolay Nikolov, M. Matskin, A. Soylu, D. Roman
Big Data processing involves handling large and complex data sets, incorporating different tools and frameworks as well as other processes that help organisations make sense of their data collected from various sources. This set of operations, referred to as Big Data workflows, require taking advantage of the elasticity of cloud infrastructures for scalability. In this paper, we present the design and prototype implementation of a Big Data workflow approach based on the use of software container technologies and message-oriented middleware (MOM) to enable highly scalable workflow execution. The approach is demonstrated in a use case together with a set of experiments that demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed approach for the scalable execution of Big Data workflows. Furthermore, we present a scalability comparison of our proposed approach with that of Argo Workflows - one of the most prominent tools in the area of Big Data workflows.
大数据处理涉及处理大型和复杂的数据集,结合不同的工具和框架以及其他流程,帮助组织理解从各种来源收集的数据。这组操作被称为大数据工作流,需要利用云基础设施的弹性来实现可伸缩性。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于软件容器技术和面向消息的中间件(MOM)的大数据工作流方法的设计和原型实现,以实现高度可扩展的工作流执行。该方法在一个用例中进行了演示,并通过一组实验证明了所提出的方法在大数据工作流的可扩展执行中的实际适用性。此外,我们还将我们提出的方法与Argo工作流(大数据工作流领域最著名的工具之一)的可扩展性进行了比较。
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引用次数: 7
Data-Intensive Object-Oriented Adaptive Web Systems: Implementing and Experimenting the OO-XAHM Framework 数据密集型面向对象自适应Web系统:OO-XAHM框架的实现和实验
A. Cuzzocrea, Edoardo Fadda
In this paper, we complement the research results provided with the OO-XAHM (Object-Oriented XML Adaptive Hypermedia Model), a state-of-the-art proposal for supporting adaptation features of the Web. In particular, in this contribution we provide: (i) the complete database-like implementation of OO-XAHM: (ii) a complete case study that focuses the attention on the well-known Italian archeological site Pompeii.
在本文中,我们用OO-XAHM(面向对象的XML自适应超媒体模型)对研究结果进行了补充,OO-XAHM是支持Web自适应特性的最新建议。特别地,在这个贡献中,我们提供了:(i) OO-XAHM的完整的类似数据库的实现;(ii)一个完整的案例研究,将注意力集中在著名的意大利考古遗址庞贝上。
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引用次数: 3
Towards a Predictive Framework for Power Consumption of Jobs in HPC Facilities 构建高性能计算设备作业能耗预测框架
Nitin Sukhija, Alexander Gessinger, Elizabeth Bautista
As the mainstream computing technology is entering into a post petascale era, the number and complexity of their computational components is on a sharp increase. With the increased pressure to pack more components per rack, the power and system densities are growing. Recently many researchers are focusing on Power Capping to address the power challenges in current and future computing systems. The power capping can be achieved by proactively estimating the power consumption of High Performance Computing (HPC) Jobs. In this study, we present our proposed machine learning framework to predict the power consumption of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) National Energy Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Cori supercomputer workloads. We evaluate our framework using historical data of real production jobs executed on Cori to predict the amount of power required by a given job and to apply the predictions for enabling power capping in power-limited future systems to be commissioned at LBNL or other installation sites.
随着主流计算技术进入后千兆级时代,其计算组件的数量和复杂性急剧增加。随着每个机架封装更多组件的压力越来越大,功率和系统密度也在不断增长。为了解决当前和未来计算系统的功率挑战,近年来许多研究人员都在关注功率封顶。功率封顶可以通过主动估计高性能计算(HPC)作业的功耗来实现。在这项研究中,我们提出了我们提出的机器学习框架来预测劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室(LBNL)国家能源科学计算中心(NERSC) Cori超级计算机工作负载的功耗。我们使用在Cori上执行的实际生产作业的历史数据来评估我们的框架,以预测给定作业所需的功率,并将预测应用于在LBNL或其他安装地点委托的电力有限的未来系统中实现功率上限。
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引用次数: 2
Big-Data Driven Digital Ecosystem Framework for Online Predictive Control 大数据驱动的在线预测控制数字生态系统框架
A. Suleykin, N. Bakhtadze, P. Panfilov
In this paper, Big-Data Driven Digital Ecosystem Framework (BDDDEF) for Online Predictive Control Systems is created. The proposed framework consists of different Agents, where each Agent is a distributed and virtual service. In our work, we provide solutions to the Big Data challenges in building Digital Ecosystems for Online Control including high volumes, velocity and variety of data, and the need for low data latency. We propose to use BDDDEF for building robust, reliable, fault-tolerant, scalable and high-loaded data pipelines for Online Predictive Control Systems. We review Big Data Main Systems for Online Predictive Control Architecture, review the literature for Digital Ecosystems design for Control Systems Online, design and describe main features, main architectural components and functional architecture of the framework, and finally, propose new Predictive Control methodology for Online Predictions.
本文建立了在线预测控制系统的大数据驱动数字生态系统框架(BDDDEF)。提出的框架由不同的Agent组成,其中每个Agent是一个分布式的虚拟服务。在我们的工作中,我们为构建在线控制数字生态系统中的大数据挑战提供解决方案,包括高容量、高速度和多种数据,以及对低数据延迟的需求。我们建议使用BDDDEF为在线预测控制系统构建鲁棒、可靠、容错、可扩展和高负载的数据管道。我们回顾了在线预测控制体系结构的大数据主要系统,回顾了在线控制系统数字生态系统设计的文献,设计并描述了框架的主要特征、主要架构组件和功能架构,最后提出了用于在线预测的新的预测控制方法。
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引用次数: 1
A Generic Flexible and Scalable Framework for Hierarchical Parallelization of Population-Based Metaheuristics 基于群体的元启发式分层并行化的通用、灵活和可扩展框架
Hatem Khalloof, Mohammad Mohammad, Shadi Shahoud, Clemens Düpmeier, V. Hagenmeyer
Population-based metaheuristics -such as Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs)- are one of the most popular methods for solving highly complex and large-scale optimization problems. Nevertheless, finding an adequate solution with such approaches often requires computationally intensive fitness function evaluations especially in real-world applications. To speed up the computation, exploiting modern software techniques for parallelizing population-based metaheuristics on a cluster or a cloud is a viable approach. In the present paper, a generic, flexible and scalable framework for hierarchical hybridization of distributed population-based metaheuristics in a cluster environment is introduced. Three lightweight technologies, namely microservices, container virtualization and the publish/subscribe messaging paradigm are used to develop this framework. The combination of these technologies enables easy hybridizations of different parallelization models of population-based metaheuristics, a full decoupling between services providing basic building blocks of the algorithm and a seamless deployment in a scalable runtime environment. For evaluation purposes, the EA GLEAM (General Learning Evolutionary Algorithm and Method) is exemplarily integrated into the framework and successfully deployed in a cluster environment. Scalability and applicability of the framework are explored by hybridizing the Coarse-Grained Model with the Global Model for solving the problem of unit commitment of distributed energy resources utilizing renewable energy generation. The results show that the new proposed framework introduces an excellent performance for scaling up the optimization speed of complex unit commitment optimization problems.
基于群体的元启发式算法——例如进化算法(EAs)——是解决高度复杂和大规模优化问题的最流行方法之一。然而,使用这种方法找到一个适当的解决方案通常需要计算密集的适应度函数评估,特别是在实际应用中。为了加快计算速度,利用现代软件技术在集群或云上并行化基于种群的元启发式是一种可行的方法。本文介绍了一个通用的、灵活的、可扩展的框架,用于集群环境下基于分布式种群的元启发式算法的层次杂交。三种轻量级技术,即微服务、容器虚拟化和发布/订阅消息范式用于开发此框架。这些技术的组合使得基于群体的元启发式的不同并行化模型可以轻松杂交,提供算法基本构建块的服务之间可以完全解耦,并且可以在可扩展的运行时环境中进行无缝部署。为了评估的目的,EA GLEAM(通用学习进化算法和方法)被典型地集成到框架中,并成功地部署在集群环境中。通过将粗粒度模型与全局模型相结合,探讨了该框架的可扩展性和适用性,用于解决利用可再生能源发电的分布式能源的单元承诺问题。结果表明,新框架在提高复杂机组承诺优化问题的优化速度方面具有优异的性能。
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引用次数: 3
Graph Embeddings in Criminal Investigation: Extending the Scope of Enquiry Protocols 刑事调查中的图嵌入:扩展查询协议的范围
V. Bellandi, P. Ceravolo, S. Maghool, S. Siccardi
Knowledge graphs are exploited in criminal investigation to integrate heterogeneous data sources and scale up the operational efficiency of enquiry protocols. Using a declarative perspective, protocols can be viewed as a set of data ingestion procedures and nested exact queries. This meets the probating nature of procedural justice that has to proceed from established facts. At the same time, the exact specification of queries represents a limit for enquiry protocols that can exclusively retrieve those facts in adherence to the designed queries. We then investigated the use of graph em-beddings procedures to extend the scope of a protocol by returning sub-graphs partially matching to its specification. Because exploring the entire set of sub-graphs quickly become computationally intractable, we developed an approach based on a hierarchical filtering procedure. A controlled experiment we executed has shown the feasibility of our approach.
知识图谱在刑事侦查中被用于整合异构数据源,提高查询协议的操作效率。使用声明性透视图,可以将协议视为一组数据摄取过程和嵌套的精确查询。这符合程序正义必须从既定事实出发的证明性质。同时,查询的确切规范代表了查询协议的限制,查询协议只能根据所设计的查询专门检索这些事实。然后,我们研究了图嵌入过程的使用,通过返回部分匹配其规范的子图来扩展协议的范围。由于探索整个子图集很快变得难以计算,我们开发了一种基于分层过滤过程的方法。我们进行的一项对照实验证明了我们方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Trajectory Prediction for Maritime Vessels Using AIS Data 基于AIS数据的船舶轨迹预测
Gozde Karatas, P. Senkul, Orhan Ayran
The need for a variety of auxiliary analytical tools to enhance marine safety and marine status awareness has been expressed by various platforms. The information that has been published while cruising is a rich resource for movement analysis of ships. Automatic Identification System (AIS), which is widely used in vessels, broadcasts information including the type of ship, identity number, state, destination, estimated time of arrival (ETA), location, speed, direction, and cargo. In this paper, to aid maritime operators, we work on arrival port, arrival time, and next position prediction on AIS messages, and propose three different approaches for the prediction of marine vessel movement. The experiments conducted against conventional supervised learning approaches reveal the improvement of the proposed solutions.
各种平台都表达了对各种辅助分析工具的需求,以提高海洋安全和海洋状态意识。航行时发布的信息是分析船舶运动的丰富资源。船舶自动识别系统(AIS)是一种广泛应用于船舶的自动识别系统,它可以广播船舶类型、身份号码、状态、目的地、预计到达时间、位置、航速、方向和货物等信息。在本文中,为了帮助海上运营商,我们研究了AIS信息的到达港口,到达时间和下一个位置预测,并提出了三种不同的预测船舶运动的方法。针对传统的监督学习方法进行的实验揭示了所提出的解决方案的改进。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems
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