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Intra-articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in gonarthrosis: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo. 关节内治疗透明质酸钠:对照临床试验与安慰剂。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
G Grecomoro, U Martorana, C Di Marco

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 34 patients suffering from osteo-arthritis of the knee. A total of 40 joints was treated at random with 3 intra-articular injections, at 1 week intervals, of either 20 mg sodium hyaluronate or placebo. Clinical examinations, including assessments of spontaneous pain intensity, pain on touch, under load and while walking, were made before each injection and repeated 7 days after the last one and again at 60 days after the start of the trial. The results showed a significant difference between treatments for all the variables assessed. In the sodium hyaluronate group, pain relief was not only rapid but also long lasting. Local tolerance was very good for both treatments.

一项双盲、安慰剂对照研究对34名患有膝关节骨关节炎的患者进行了研究。共有40个关节随机接受3次关节内注射,间隔1周,注射20毫克透明质酸钠或安慰剂。临床检查,包括自发性疼痛强度评估,触摸疼痛,负重疼痛和行走时疼痛,在每次注射前进行,在最后一次注射后7天重复,在试验开始后60天再次进行。结果显示,在所有被评估的变量中,治疗之间存在显著差异。在透明质酸钠组,疼痛缓解不仅迅速而且持久。两种处理的局部耐受性都很好。
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引用次数: 0
The use of oral zuclopenthixol in the treatment of functional psychotic illness. 口服zuclopenthxol在功能性精神病治疗中的应用。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
F J Bereen, F B Harte, J Maguire, A N Singh

An open study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerance of oral zuclopenthixol in 40 patients with functional psychotic illness. Patients received zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (25 mg tablets) in daily doses of 25 to 150 mg according to clinical response. Assessments were performed at weekly intervals using either the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) or the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), as appropriate; in addition, a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was recorded and side-effect inventory completed. Patients were to be studied for a maximum of 13 weeks or until a successful response to treatment was obtained. Success was defined as a score of less than 15 on the BRMS or BPRS, accompanied by a marked or moderate improvement on the CGI. Twenty-six (65.0%) patients had a successful response to treatment within 3 weeks; this increased to 35 (87.5%) by Week 4. There were significant reductions in the total BPRS and total BRMS scores from Week 1 onwards. Most sub-scales and sub-items also showed significant improvements. Four patients were withdrawn from the study, (3 due to lack of efficacy and 1 with side-effects). One patient was non-evaluable due to concomitant chlorpromazine therapy. Side-effects were slight and the medication was well tolerated. Twenty-five patients received antiparkinsonian treatment during the study.

对40例功能性精神病患者口服zuclopenthixol的疗效和耐受性进行了一项开放研究。患者根据临床反应给予盐酸zuclopenthixol (25 mg片剂),每日剂量25 ~ 150 mg。每周使用贝克-拉法尔森躁狂量表(BRMS)或简短精神病学评定量表(BPRS)进行评估。此外,记录临床总体印象(CGI)并完成副作用清单。患者将被研究最多13周,或直到治疗获得成功反应。成功的定义是BRMS或BPRS得分低于15分,同时伴有明显或中度的CGI改善。26例(65.0%)患者在3周内对治疗有成功反应;到第4周增加到35(87.5%)。从第1周开始,BPRS总分和BRMS总分显著下降。大多数分项量表和分项也有显著改善。4例患者退出研究,其中3例因缺乏疗效,1例因出现副作用。1例患者由于同时使用氯丙嗪治疗而无法评估。副作用轻微,药物耐受性良好。25名患者在研究期间接受了抗帕金森治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Gastro-oesophageal reflux in paediatric patients: studies with alizapride. 小儿患者胃食管反流:阿利沙匹利的研究
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
S Cadranel, C Di Lorenzo, P Rodesch

A series of studies was carried out in infants and children suffering from gastro-oesophageal reflux to assess the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of alizapride, a recently developed dopaminergic-receptor blocker. Investigational techniques such as manometry, pH monitoring, endoscopy and scintigraphy were used to evaluate a prokinetic activity of the drug and its effects on oesophageal and gastric motility when given by the intravenous and oral routes. Preliminary findings indicate that alizapride had a significant effect on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and peristaltic wave amplitude, but the evidence for an effect on gastric motility was less clear. Long-term treatment with oral alizapride (usually in a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day) suggests that it produced marked symptomatic improvement and was very well tolerated in the majority of the patients studied. A double-blind controlled trial is now in progress to provide more objective evidence of the usefulness of alizapride in the management of digestive tract motor disorders in paediatric patients.

对患有胃食管反流的婴儿和儿童进行了一系列研究,以评估最近开发的多巴胺能受体阻滞剂alizapride的治疗效果和耐受性。研究人员使用压力测量、pH监测、内窥镜检查和闪烁成像等技术来评估静脉和口服给药时药物的促动力学活性及其对食管和胃运动的影响。初步结果表明,阿利沙必利对食管下括约肌压力和蠕动波振幅有显著影响,但对胃运动的影响证据尚不清楚。长期口服阿利沙匹利治疗(通常剂量为5mg /kg/天)表明,它能显著改善症状,并且在大多数研究患者中具有良好的耐受性。目前正在进行一项双盲对照试验,以提供更多客观证据,证明阿利沙匹利在儿科患者消化道运动障碍治疗中的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular effects of garlic (Allium sativum): a review. 大蒜的心血管作用研究进展。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
E Ernst

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used medicinally for centuries and still is included in the traditional medicine of most cultures. Recently, there has been renewed interest in its role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its effectiveness in offsetting the risks of such conditions. The results of numerous studies are reviewed; they show that garlic can bring about plasma lipids normalization, enhancement of fibrinolytic activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and reductions in blood pressure and blood glucose. It is concluded that garlic has potential in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disorders.

大蒜(Allium sativum)几个世纪以来一直被用作药物,并且仍然被包括在大多数文化的传统医学中。最近,人们对其在治疗心血管疾病中的作用及其在抵消此类疾病风险方面的有效性重新产生了兴趣。对许多研究的结果进行了审查;他们表明,大蒜可以使血脂正常化,增强纤维蛋白溶解活性,抑制血小板聚集,降低血压和血糖。由此可见,大蒜在心血管疾病的预防和控制方面具有一定的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of long-term treatment (4 years) with pentoxifylline on haemorheological changes and vascular complications in diabetic patients. 长期(4年)己酮茶碱治疗对糖尿病患者血液流变学改变及血管并发症的影响。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
E Ferrari, M Fioravanti, A L Patti, C Viola, S B Solerte

Twenty-one insulin-dependent and 30 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated over 48 months with pentoxifylline ('Trental' 400) 1200 mg/day orally. All patients had haemorheological alterations and vascular complications. A marked improvement in erythrocyte deformability and a reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels was already evident after 6 months of therapy; these improvements were maintained throughout the 48 months of the study and were independent of short-term and long-term glycometabolic changes. The normalization of blood rheology pattern was associated with a significant decrease in total urinary protein excretion rate and in urinary albumin excretion rate. An improvement in both microvascular, i.e., retinopathy and nephropathy, and macrovascular, i.e. ischaemic heart disease and peripheral occlusive arterial disease, complications was demonstrated after the long-term trial with pentoxifylline. No side-effects occurred during the observation period. These data suggest that pentoxifylline may have an important role in both the treatment of diabetic haemorheological changes and renal disorders and in the prevention of accompanying degenerative vascular complications.

21例胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者和30例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者口服己酮茶碱(‘Trental’400)1200毫克/天,治疗时间超过48个月。所有患者均有血液流变学改变和血管并发症。治疗6个月后,红细胞变形能力明显改善,血浆纤维蛋白原水平明显降低;这些改善在整个48个月的研究中保持不变,并且与短期和长期糖代谢变化无关。血液流变学模式的正常化与尿总蛋白排泄率和尿白蛋白排泄率的显著降低有关。在使用己酮茶碱进行长期试验后,微血管(即视网膜病变和肾病)和大血管(即缺血性心脏病和外周动脉闭塞性疾病)并发症均得到改善。观察期间无不良反应发生。这些数据表明,己酮茶碱可能在治疗糖尿病血液流变学改变和肾脏疾病以及预防伴随的退行性血管并发症方面具有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Results of clinical, laboratory and haemorheological investigations of the use of pentoxifylline in high doses. 大剂量使用己酮茶碱的临床、实验室和血液流变学研究结果。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
P L Antignani, A R Todini, F Saliceti, G Pacino, M Bartolo

A study was carried out in 127 patients (94 males and 33 females) presenting with arteriosclerosis (88 patients) or diabetic vasculopathy (39 patients) in different stages of severity (Fontaine) to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with high doses of pentoxifylline. Patients received a daily dosage of 2200 mg, given as 800 mg orally and 300 mg by intravenous infusion in saline twice daily, for a mean period of 15.8 days. Relevant clinical parameters were assessed and measurements made of biological and laboratory indices before and after treatment. The results showed that intermittent claudication was improved in 52.4% of the arteriosclerotic and 50% of the diabetic patients Stage II disease, pain at rest disappeared in 64% and 78% of patients in Stage III, respectively, and trophic lesions in Stage IV patients were reduced or became less clearly marked in 47% and 44%, respectively. Arterial blood pressure, recorded on the tibial arteries using Doppler ultrasound, showed a mean increase of 18%, but no significant changes in blood flow were evident from rheographic examination. Whole blood erythrocyte filtration time was reduced by a mean of 8%. The main changes in the biological indices after treatment were decreases in haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and blood fibrinogen values, but these were not statistically significant. The other variables showed little if any change. Side-effects initially reported by the patients consisted of headache, nausea, sweating, pruritus and general malaise, and were mainly associated with the infusion time and regressed in most cases when this was extended.

本研究对127例(男性94例,女性33例)表现为不同严重程度(Fontaine)的动脉硬化(88例)或糖尿病血管病变(39例)的患者(男性94例,女性33例)进行了研究,以评估高剂量己酮茶碱治疗的有效性和耐受性。患者每日剂量为2200mg,分别口服800mg和300mg,静脉滴注生理盐水,每日两次,平均疗程15.8天。评估治疗前后的相关临床参数,测定治疗前后的生物学指标和实验室指标。结果显示,52.4%的动脉硬化患者和50%的糖尿病II期患者间歇性跛行得到改善,64%和78%的糖尿病III期患者静息疼痛消失,47%和44%的糖尿病IV期患者营养病变减轻或不明显。多普勒超声记录胫骨动脉动脉血压平均升高18%,但流变学检查未见血流明显变化。全血红细胞过滤时间平均减少8%。治疗后生物指标的主要变化是红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积和血纤维蛋白原值的下降,但这些变化没有统计学意义。其他变量几乎没有变化。患者最初报告的副作用包括头痛、恶心、出汗、瘙痒和全身不适,主要与输注时间有关,大多数情况下随着输注时间的延长而消退。
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引用次数: 0
Fendiline: a review of its basic pharmacological and clinical properties. 芬地兰:其基本药理和临床性质的综述。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
R Bayer, R Mannhold

Fendiline is an anti-anginal agent for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Together with other diphenylalkylamines it is sub-classified in the group of lipophilic calcium antagonists. It binds to the calcium channel and to calmodulin with rather similar affinities. Pharmaco-dynamically, it exerts the typical calcium as well as calmodulin antagonistic actions: inhibition of the transmembrane calcium current, smooth muscle relaxation, negative inotropism, cardioprotection, inhibition of calmodulin-activated myosin light-chain kinase and phosphodiesterase. Pharmacokinetics reveal slow onset of action and a long half-life. The anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic efficacy of fendiline has been proven in several placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. It does not interfere with digoxin therapy. Direct comparison with other calcium antagonists by means of controlled studies revealed that its potency is at least equal to that of nifedipine but, in contrast to nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem, its anti-anginal action increases during chronic therapy, reaching a steady state of action after 2 to 3 weeks. In addition, the anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal potency is about equal to that of isosorbide dinitrate but fendiline has the advantage of lacking tolerance development. Nevertheless, the data presented indicate that a combination of fendiline with low doses of ISDN may be beneficial. Adverse cardiac and haemodynamic actions, such as increase or decrease in heart rate, disturbance of AV nodal conduction, impairment of cardiac contractile performance or considerable decrease in arterial pressure in hypotensives and normotensives, are lacking.

非地兰是一种治疗冠心病的抗心绞痛药物。它与其他二苯基烷基胺一起被归入亲脂性钙拮抗剂组。它与钙通道和钙调蛋白结合的亲和力相当相似。药效学上,它具有典型的钙和钙调素拮抗作用:抑制跨膜钙电流、平滑肌舒张、负性肌力、保护心脏、抑制钙调素激活的肌球蛋白轻链激酶和磷酸二酯酶。药代动力学显示起效缓慢,半衰期长。在几项安慰剂对照的双盲试验中,苯苯胺的抗心绞痛和抗缺血功效已得到证实。它不会干扰地高辛治疗。通过对照研究与其他钙拮抗剂的直接比较表明,其效力至少与硝苯地平相当,但与硝苯地平、维拉帕米和地尔硫卓相比,其抗心绞痛作用在慢性治疗期间增加,在2至3周后达到稳定状态。此外,抗缺血和抗心绞痛的效力与硝酸异山梨酯相当,但芬地林具有缺乏耐受性发展的优点。然而,所提供的数据表明,将非苯胺与低剂量的综合服务数字网联合使用可能是有益的。没有不良的心脏和血流动力学作用,如心率升高或降低、房室结传导障碍、心脏收缩功能受损或低血压和正常血压的动脉压显著降低。
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引用次数: 0
Lupus catatonia: a case report. 紧张性狼疮1例报告。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
T K Daradkeh, N S Nasrallah

A 19-year old female with catatonia associated with multi-system involvement with systemic lupus erythematosus is described. There was no evidence of CNS involvement (negative CT scan, normal EEG, normal ice-caloric response, and normal CSF findings). The patient improved on large doses of steroids. It is suggested that cerebral lupus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of catatonia even in the absence of radiological and focal neurological signs when the active disease is present.

一个19岁的女性紧张症与多系统累及与系统性红斑狼疮描述。没有证据表明中枢神经系统受累(CT扫描阴性,脑电图正常,冰-热反应正常,脑脊液检查正常)。病人服用大剂量类固醇后病情有所好转。建议在紧张症的鉴别诊断中考虑脑狼疮,即使在没有放射学和局灶性神经学征象的情况下,活动性疾病仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
A double-blind comparative study of alprazolam and dothiepin hydrochloride in the treatment of anxiety associated with depression. 阿普唑仑与盐酸多硫平治疗焦虑伴抑郁的双盲比较研究。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
M Cropper, A Garner, G D McEwan, D F Munt, L A Rushbrook, V Stevens, A C Baker

One hundred patients with mixed symptoms of anxiety and depression were enrolled into a prospective, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind study comparing the response to, and the side-effects of, alprazolam and dothiepin hydrochloride over 4 weeks of treatment. Mean daily doses were 2.33 mg alprazolam and 115 mg dothiepin. Data on 96 patients were evaluated for tolerance, and data for 85 patients were analyzed for therapeutic response. In each case, the groups were similar in numbers, mean ages and sex ratios. Both groups experienced satisfactory responses to therapy, with highly statistically significant changes (p less than 0.001) in the means of all efficacy measures within each group. No statistical difference was demonstrated in favour of either treatment group. Both dothiepin and alprazolam exhibited a similar profile of mild minor side-effects, but more patients suffered moderate to severe reactions to dothiepin, leading to a greater drop-out rate in the dothiepin-treated group. It is concluded that, as both treatments produced equally satisfactory responses in this study, alprazolam should be considered for the treatment of anxiety associated with depression in patients for whom tricyclic antidepressant drugs are either contra-indicated or poorly tolerated.

100名患有焦虑和抑郁混合症状的患者被纳入一项前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲研究,比较阿普唑仑和盐酸多硫平治疗4周后的疗效和副作用。平均每日剂量为2.33毫克阿普唑仑和115毫克多硫平。对96例患者的耐受性进行了评估,对85例患者的治疗反应进行了分析。在每一个案例中,这些群体在人数、平均年龄和性别比例上都是相似的。两组对治疗均有满意的反应,每组内所有疗效测量的平均值均有高度统计学显著变化(p < 0.001)。两组间均无统计学差异。多硫平和阿普唑仑都表现出类似的轻微副作用,但更多的患者对多硫平有中度至重度反应,导致多硫平治疗组的辍学率更高。综上所述,由于两种治疗方法在本研究中产生了同样满意的反应,对于三环类抗抑郁药物有禁忌症或耐受性差的患者,应考虑使用阿普唑仑治疗与抑郁相关的焦虑。
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引用次数: 0
Antihistaminic treatment of allergic rhinitis: a double-blind study with terfenadine versus dexchlorpheniramine. 抗组胺药治疗变应性鼻炎:特非那定与右氯苯那敏的双盲研究。
Pub Date : 1987-01-01
E A Pastorello, C Ortolani, S Gerosa, V Pravettoni, L R Codecasa, A Fugazza, C Zanussi

A double-blind study was carried out in 65 patients with seasonal rhinitis to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of terfenadine and dexchlorpheniramine. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment for 1 week with either 60 mg terfenadine twice daily or 2 mg dexchlorpheniramine maleate 3-times daily. Before and after treatment, patients underwent RAST and skin prick tests for reactivity to pollen and those who were positive also had rhinomanometric measurements made of nasal resistance. Diary cards were used by patients to record the severity of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, watery, irritated and red eyes, itching of the nose, throat and eyes, and cough. Details were also kept of the frequency and severity of any side-effects. Pollen counts were taken daily during the treatment period. The results showed that both terfenadine and dexchlorpheniramine produced good or excellent relief of the main symptoms in 78% and 73% of the patients, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the pollen count and reduced symptom severity. Both drugs produced a reduction in total nasal resistance but this was not significantly different from initial values, neither was there a significant difference between treatment. Terfenadine was well tolerated and side-effects incidence was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in patients treated with dexchlorpheniramine, particularly so with reference to drowsiness.

对65例季节性鼻炎患者进行双盲研究,比较特非那定和右氯苯那敏的疗效和耐受性。随机分配患者接受60 mg特非那定每日2次或2 mg马来酸右氯苯那敏每日3次的治疗,为期1周。在治疗前后,患者进行RAST和皮肤点刺试验以检测对花粉的反应性,阳性患者也进行鼻阻力测量。患者使用日记卡记录鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、流涕、眼睛发炎、红肿、鼻、喉、眼痒、咳嗽的严重程度。还保留了任何副作用的频率和严重程度的详细信息。处理期间每天取花粉计数。结果表明,特非那定和右氯苯那敏分别对78%和73%的患者的主要症状有良好或极好的缓解效果。花粉数量与症状严重程度之间无显著相关性。两种药物都降低了总鼻阻力,但这与初始值没有显著差异,两种治疗之间也没有显著差异。特非那定耐受性良好,副作用发生率显著低于右旋氯苯那敏(p < 0.01),尤其是嗜睡方面。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Pharmatherapeutica
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