Watershed health and integrity are essential to human and ecosystem health and well-being. New River watershed communities in northern Belize, Central America are vulnerable to annual ‘cultural eutrophication’ - natural eutrophication exacerbated by human activity. Human-caused pollution from agriculture, septic effluent, and industrial drainage, in combination with extended drought and the slow flow of New River, has caused more frequent and prolonged periods of eutrophication. In this qualitative study, 42 New River residents were interviewed about river changes and impacts of eutrophication on their communities. Using the Community Capitals Framework to analyze resident perceptions, the study finds direct impacts from eutrophication on various sectors of society, namely environment, health, livelihoods, culture, and resource security. These impacts contribute to the vulnerability of New River watershed communities. The findings of this study can help policy makers and community leaders focus attention and resources to increase resilience of New River communities. Government policy and action recommendations are presented.
{"title":"Cultural Eutrophication Impacts on New River in Northern Belize: A Community Capitals Assessment","authors":"Kristin Drexler, Ed Boles","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2403017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2403017","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed health and integrity are essential to human and ecosystem health and well-being. New River watershed communities in northern Belize, Central America are vulnerable to annual ‘cultural eutrophication’ - natural eutrophication exacerbated by human activity. Human-caused pollution from agriculture, septic effluent, and industrial drainage, in combination with extended drought and the slow flow of New River, has caused more frequent and prolonged periods of eutrophication. In this qualitative study, 42 New River residents were interviewed about river changes and impacts of eutrophication on their communities. Using the Community Capitals Framework to analyze resident perceptions, the study finds direct impacts from eutrophication on various sectors of society, namely environment, health, livelihoods, culture, and resource security. These impacts contribute to the vulnerability of New River watershed communities. The findings of this study can help policy makers and community leaders focus attention and resources to increase resilience of New River communities. Government policy and action recommendations are presented.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"33 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nainwal, Premchand Chaurasiya, Arun Kumar, Mohan Singh, Devendra Singh, S. K. Tewari
Soil salinization is a significantconstraint affecting the productivity of agricultural land worldwide. This led to the abandoning of the production of farmcrops on colossalland. Soil salinity inversely affects seed germination and plant growth and influences the plant’s biological activities like photosynthesis, respiration, plant metabolism, enzymatic activities, hormone regulation, etc. Therefore, efforts are being made to bring the saline soil under cultivation by improving itthrough a proper drainage system to drain out the salts orapplying chemical amendments. However, these options are costly and energy-intensive for employment in large areas on a vast scale. In this direction, biologically cost-effective approaches are also being practiced to improve these degraded lands. Phytoremediation, a plant-based approach to improving degraded soil, may be an appropriate option. This is done by the plantation of salt-tolerant plant species, which can remove and leach down excess salts like sodium (Na+) from the soil and enhance calcium (Ca2+) salts through the cation exchange process from the root zone. During this process, remarkable properties like soil-aggregates stability, root proliferation, soil hydraulic properties, and nutrient availability to plants are also improved. Such improvement in soil properties facilitates the cultivation of less tolerant plants and improves the environment in general and the climatic conditions by enhancing carbon sequestration.
{"title":"Phytoremediation: A Sustainable Approach to Combat Soil Salinity","authors":"R. Nainwal, Premchand Chaurasiya, Arun Kumar, Mohan Singh, Devendra Singh, S. K. Tewari","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2402015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2402015","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is a significantconstraint affecting the productivity of agricultural land worldwide. This led to the abandoning of the production of farmcrops on colossalland. Soil salinity inversely affects seed germination and plant growth and influences the plant’s biological activities like photosynthesis, respiration, plant metabolism, enzymatic activities, hormone regulation, etc. Therefore, efforts are being made to bring the saline soil under cultivation by improving itthrough a proper drainage system to drain out the salts orapplying chemical amendments. However, these options are costly and energy-intensive for employment in large areas on a vast scale. In this direction, biologically cost-effective approaches are also being practiced to improve these degraded lands. Phytoremediation, a plant-based approach to improving degraded soil, may be an appropriate option. This is done by the plantation of salt-tolerant plant species, which can remove and leach down excess salts like sodium (Na+) from the soil and enhance calcium (Ca2+) salts through the cation exchange process from the root zone. During this process, remarkable properties like soil-aggregates stability, root proliferation, soil hydraulic properties, and nutrient availability to plants are also improved. Such improvement in soil properties facilitates the cultivation of less tolerant plants and improves the environment in general and the climatic conditions by enhancing carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is frequently not properly performed. Whenever this happens, those working in the different stages of the process, as well as residents close to the dumps, face health risks. Here, we revised the documented evidence of emissions liberated during MSW management and associated health problems to investigate if systematic and reproducible relationships can be established. Besides substances released during collection and transportation, various toxic substances, predominantly in small amounts, can be released in the leachate and the biogases liberated in the disposal of MSW. Activities in the dump produce fine and coarse particles that are dispersed through the air and can enter the respiratory system, causing a series of adverse health effects, as shown by an increase in the demand for health services and the presence of respiratory symptoms and exacerbations of chronic processes. On the contrary, all the studies on the risk of developing some form of cancer by populations living in the vicinity of a waste dump have not been able to conclusively identify a causal or even circumstantial relationship that such a risk exists. Besides, no systematic association between residence near a landfill and any adverse outcome of childbirth has been found. However, the assessment of potential health effects is uncertain because of their diversity, the varied means of exposure, the uncertainty associated with exposures to low amounts of toxins when they occur over long periods, the potential synergies of various pollutants, the difficulty in establishing direct relationships between the toxicants emitted and health problems, the necessary arbitrariness in the delimitation of the dispersion area of the toxics and the practical impossibility of identifying other sources of exposure that could have some share of responsibility in the emerging health, as well as the lack of control of confounding factors like social deprivation, the lack of data on migrations to or from the most critical areas that affect exposure times or considerations about latency periods in pathologies such as cancer that does not usually manifest until years after exposure.
{"title":"Human Health Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Mismanagement: A Review","authors":"Ernesto de Titto, Atilio Savino","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2402014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2402014","url":null,"abstract":"Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is frequently not properly performed. Whenever this happens, those working in the different stages of the process, as well as residents close to the dumps, face health risks. Here, we revised the documented evidence of emissions liberated during MSW management and associated health problems to investigate if systematic and reproducible relationships can be established. Besides substances released during collection and transportation, various toxic substances, predominantly in small amounts, can be released in the leachate and the biogases liberated in the disposal of MSW. Activities in the dump produce fine and coarse particles that are dispersed through the air and can enter the respiratory system, causing a series of adverse health effects, as shown by an increase in the demand for health services and the presence of respiratory symptoms and exacerbations of chronic processes. On the contrary, all the studies on the risk of developing some form of cancer by populations living in the vicinity of a waste dump have not been able to conclusively identify a causal or even circumstantial relationship that such a risk exists. Besides, no systematic association between residence near a landfill and any adverse outcome of childbirth has been found. However, the assessment of potential health effects is uncertain because of their diversity, the varied means of exposure, the uncertainty associated with exposures to low amounts of toxins when they occur over long periods, the potential synergies of various pollutants, the difficulty in establishing direct relationships between the toxicants emitted and health problems, the necessary arbitrariness in the delimitation of the dispersion area of the toxics and the practical impossibility of identifying other sources of exposure that could have some share of responsibility in the emerging health, as well as the lack of control of confounding factors like social deprivation, the lack of data on migrations to or from the most critical areas that affect exposure times or considerations about latency periods in pathologies such as cancer that does not usually manifest until years after exposure.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"35 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual comfort affects the quality of classrooms as well as student learning. A practice-oriented approach discovers how the gap between academic research and its application in building design can be addressed. Nevertheless, the physical characteristics design of daylighting systems, including window sizes, shapes, dimensions, and materials, are considered fundamental challenges for their practicability. In this study, the physical characteristics design of daylighting systems, including window sizes, shapes, dimensions, and materials, are considered in a designed sample school, and the daylight metrics were analyzed to achieve more trustworthy and applicable daylighting systems. Grasshopper (Honeybee-Ladybug), as a parametric control method, was applied to simulate the daylighting quality for various educational spaces in a secondary school in Sanandaj City, based on average ‘Daylight Factor’, ‘Daylight Autonomy’, ‘Useful Daylight Illuminance’, and ‘Annual Sunlight Exposure’. These metrics were examined to discover the relationship between window size and positions on visual comfort. The results indicate daylighting assessments are a solid approach to revising the architectural design mistakes at the primary designing phase. Architects and other building designers or energy consumption assessors can apply the design improvement process to present more sufficient and successful architectural details. This is a fundamental step toward the implementation of green buildings.
{"title":"Application of Simulation-Based Metrics to Improve the Daylight Performance of a Secondary School, An Approach for Green Building Designers and Architects","authors":"Salah Vaisi, Honia Modares Gorji, Narmin Shafei","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2402012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2402012","url":null,"abstract":"Visual comfort affects the quality of classrooms as well as student learning. A practice-oriented approach discovers how the gap between academic research and its application in building design can be addressed. Nevertheless, the physical characteristics design of daylighting systems, including window sizes, shapes, dimensions, and materials, are considered fundamental challenges for their practicability. In this study, the physical characteristics design of daylighting systems, including window sizes, shapes, dimensions, and materials, are considered in a designed sample school, and the daylight metrics were analyzed to achieve more trustworthy and applicable daylighting systems. Grasshopper (Honeybee-Ladybug), as a parametric control method, was applied to simulate the daylighting quality for various educational spaces in a secondary school in Sanandaj City, based on average ‘Daylight Factor’, ‘Daylight Autonomy’, ‘Useful Daylight Illuminance’, and ‘Annual Sunlight Exposure’. These metrics were examined to discover the relationship between window size and positions on visual comfort. The results indicate daylighting assessments are a solid approach to revising the architectural design mistakes at the primary designing phase. Architects and other building designers or energy consumption assessors can apply the design improvement process to present more sufficient and successful architectural details. This is a fundamental step toward the implementation of green buildings.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shisir Ruwali, B. Fernando, S. Talebi, Lakitha O. H. Wijeratne, John Waczak, Prabuddha M. H. Madusanka, David J. Lary, John Sadler, T. Lary, Matthew Lary, Adam Aker
Breathing clean air is crucial for maintaining good human health. The air we inhale can significantly impact our physical and mental well-being, influenced by parameters such as particulate matter and gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide). Building on previous research that explored the effects of particulate matter (PM) in specific environments, analyzed using biometric indicators and machine learning models; this work focuses on the effects and estimation of inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This study involved a cyclist equipped with sensors to monitor various biometric parameters. In addition, an electric car following the cyclist measured the ambient NO2 levels using an onboard sensor. A total of 329 biometric variables have been taken into account, of which 320 biometric variables are cognitive responses extracted using an electroencephalogram (EEG) and 9 biometric variables are physiological responses extracted using several sensors. Inhaled NO2 levels are first estimated initially by making use of all 329 variables, then using 9 physiological responses and finally using only 6 of the 9 physiological responses. The study also uses a ranking method to pinpoint which biometric variables most significantly estimate inhaled NO2 levels. Furthermore, it investigates the linear and non-linear relationship between certain variables and inhaled NO2. The general precision of the prediction for the data set was moderate, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the true and estimated values of NO2 to be 0.35 and 5.41 ppb, respectively, in the test set. A higher accuracy in the prediction of lower values of NO2 levels was qualitatively observed using a scatter diagram and a Quantile-Quantile plot where the data were more plentiful. For more robust conclusions, additional data and refined machine learning models are necessary.
{"title":"Estimating Inhaled Nitrogen Dioxide from the Human Biometric Response","authors":"Shisir Ruwali, B. Fernando, S. Talebi, Lakitha O. H. Wijeratne, John Waczak, Prabuddha M. H. Madusanka, David J. Lary, John Sadler, T. Lary, Matthew Lary, Adam Aker","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2402011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2402011","url":null,"abstract":"Breathing clean air is crucial for maintaining good human health. The air we inhale can significantly impact our physical and mental well-being, influenced by parameters such as particulate matter and gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide). Building on previous research that explored the effects of particulate matter (PM) in specific environments, analyzed using biometric indicators and machine learning models; this work focuses on the effects and estimation of inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This study involved a cyclist equipped with sensors to monitor various biometric parameters. In addition, an electric car following the cyclist measured the ambient NO2 levels using an onboard sensor. A total of 329 biometric variables have been taken into account, of which 320 biometric variables are cognitive responses extracted using an electroencephalogram (EEG) and 9 biometric variables are physiological responses extracted using several sensors. Inhaled NO2 levels are first estimated initially by making use of all 329 variables, then using 9 physiological responses and finally using only 6 of the 9 physiological responses. The study also uses a ranking method to pinpoint which biometric variables most significantly estimate inhaled NO2 levels. Furthermore, it investigates the linear and non-linear relationship between certain variables and inhaled NO2. The general precision of the prediction for the data set was moderate, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the true and estimated values of NO2 to be 0.35 and 5.41 ppb, respectively, in the test set. A higher accuracy in the prediction of lower values of NO2 levels was qualitatively observed using a scatter diagram and a Quantile-Quantile plot where the data were more plentiful. For more robust conclusions, additional data and refined machine learning models are necessary.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yenlajai JaneFrances Banseka, Suiven John Paul Tume
Bacteriological contamination of water sources, often due to improper handling of human waste, poses significant public health risks. This study investigates coliform bacteria contamination in water sources across the Fako Division of Cameroon. Twenty water samples were collected from various sources, including streams, community water, springs, boreholes, and wells, and analyzed for total coliforms using Violet-Red-Bile-Lactose (VRBL) Agar. Additionally, 352 household questionnaires were administered in four towns to assess water resource contamination. Results showed detectable coliform bacteria in 19 samples during the rainy and 15 during the dry seasons. Runoff during the wet season carries terrestrial biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes into surface water bodies, while some infiltrate porous geology, polluting groundwater. Bacterial pollutants from dumpsites and human waste contribute to critical health issues like typhoid fever and gastroenteritis. Recommendations include landfilling with daily operations to minimize pollution, operational monitoring of domestic water systems, and integrated water quality management strategies. Participatory waste management involving administrators, stakeholders, and the population is crucial to minimize water contamination.
{"title":"Coliform Bacteria Contamination of Water Resources and Implications on Public Health in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon","authors":"Yenlajai JaneFrances Banseka, Suiven John Paul Tume","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2402010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2402010","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriological contamination of water sources, often due to improper handling of human waste, poses significant public health risks. This study investigates coliform bacteria contamination in water sources across the Fako Division of Cameroon. Twenty water samples were collected from various sources, including streams, community water, springs, boreholes, and wells, and analyzed for total coliforms using Violet-Red-Bile-Lactose (VRBL) Agar. Additionally, 352 household questionnaires were administered in four towns to assess water resource contamination. Results showed detectable coliform bacteria in 19 samples during the rainy and 15 during the dry seasons. Runoff during the wet season carries terrestrial biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes into surface water bodies, while some infiltrate porous geology, polluting groundwater. Bacterial pollutants from dumpsites and human waste contribute to critical health issues like typhoid fever and gastroenteritis. Recommendations include landfilling with daily operations to minimize pollution, operational monitoring of domestic water systems, and integrated water quality management strategies. Participatory waste management involving administrators, stakeholders, and the population is crucial to minimize water contamination.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particulate matter (PM) constitutes a significant risk factor for environmental health regarding ambient air quality. An epidemiological investigation has determined that inadequate air quality is associated with the development of lung and cardiovascular diseases, chronic ailments, respiratory infections, and a significant number of fatalities on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the annual mortality rate due to air pollution is around 7 million individuals. The necessity for researching air quality, climate change, and the challenges posed by particulate matter (PM) is widely recognized. While reducing ambient air quality, it is essential to consider the limitations of current technical control methods. This article focuses on developing and implementing advanced technology to mitigate particle pollution in urban environments. The comparison of empirical data and computational simulations has demonstrated the efficacy of utilizing pulsed radio waves to reduce particulate matter. The control technique exhibits a threefold increase in the rate of PM concentration reduction compared to gravity settling. The approach's efficacy was evaluated through controlled trials conducted in controlled chambers and urban environments, demonstrating up to 50% reductions. The validation of the implemented test case results of the control technology was performed using historical data while considering the existence of radio waves. The coagulation process demonstrated and verified the effectiveness of reducing particle matter. The employed methodology has been shown to encourage outcomes concerning mitigating particulate matter contamination within urban and industrial environments.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Aerosol Deposition by Applying Electrostatic Fields","authors":"G. S. N. V. K. S. N. S. Undi, Rohit Kantikar","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401009","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM) constitutes a significant risk factor for environmental health regarding ambient air quality. An epidemiological investigation has determined that inadequate air quality is associated with the development of lung and cardiovascular diseases, chronic ailments, respiratory infections, and a significant number of fatalities on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the annual mortality rate due to air pollution is around 7 million individuals. The necessity for researching air quality, climate change, and the challenges posed by particulate matter (PM) is widely recognized. While reducing ambient air quality, it is essential to consider the limitations of current technical control methods. This article focuses on developing and implementing advanced technology to mitigate particle pollution in urban environments. The comparison of empirical data and computational simulations has demonstrated the efficacy of utilizing pulsed radio waves to reduce particulate matter. The control technique exhibits a threefold increase in the rate of PM concentration reduction compared to gravity settling. The approach's efficacy was evaluated through controlled trials conducted in controlled chambers and urban environments, demonstrating up to 50% reductions. The validation of the implemented test case results of the control technology was performed using historical data while considering the existence of radio waves. The coagulation process demonstrated and verified the effectiveness of reducing particle matter. The employed methodology has been shown to encourage outcomes concerning mitigating particulate matter contamination within urban and industrial environments.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon management is imperative to curb global temperature increases and mitigating climate change impacts. This report explores the carbon management strategies employed by Diebold Nixdorf, a multinational financial and retail technology company. As of 2021, the company has not established specific reduction targets and has not committed to achieving net zero emissions. The company employs diverse carbon reduction strategies, such as carbon offsetting, solar energy, and fleet improvements, with notable projects like the "green roof" initiative and a tree planting program contributing to carbon offsetting. Despite a gradual reduction in Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions since 2015 and notable decreases in energy consumption and natural gas emissions from 2020 to 2021, Diebold Nixdorf falls short in revenue-adjusted emissions compared to competitors. Critical challenges within Diebold Nixdorf's carbon management strategies revolve around controversies related to carbon offsetting and uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of specific initiatives. Although an improved Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) score and efforts in product sustainability showcase progress, the lack of specific targets remains a notable pitfall. The potential misuse of green labelling, considering significant carbon emissions from products, adds complexity to Diebold Nixdorf's carbon management approach. This report underscores the imperative need for substantial enhancements in the company's carbon management practices, emphasising a realignment of values and a firm commitment to carbon reduction and net-zero goals in response to the severity of the climate crisis.
{"title":"Examining the Carbon Management Strategies of Diebold Nixdorf","authors":"Jessica White, Tom Deweerdt","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401007","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon management is imperative to curb global temperature increases and mitigating climate change impacts. This report explores the carbon management strategies employed by Diebold Nixdorf, a multinational financial and retail technology company. As of 2021, the company has not established specific reduction targets and has not committed to achieving net zero emissions. The company employs diverse carbon reduction strategies, such as carbon offsetting, solar energy, and fleet improvements, with notable projects like the \"green roof\" initiative and a tree planting program contributing to carbon offsetting. Despite a gradual reduction in Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions since 2015 and notable decreases in energy consumption and natural gas emissions from 2020 to 2021, Diebold Nixdorf falls short in revenue-adjusted emissions compared to competitors. Critical challenges within Diebold Nixdorf's carbon management strategies revolve around controversies related to carbon offsetting and uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of specific initiatives. Although an improved Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) score and efforts in product sustainability showcase progress, the lack of specific targets remains a notable pitfall. The potential misuse of green labelling, considering significant carbon emissions from products, adds complexity to Diebold Nixdorf's carbon management approach. This report underscores the imperative need for substantial enhancements in the company's carbon management practices, emphasising a realignment of values and a firm commitment to carbon reduction and net-zero goals in response to the severity of the climate crisis.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generally, automobile vehicles discharge specific contaminants into the surrounding environment during operation, which might affect human and reproductive health. Additionally, a more extended period of sitting while driving is linked with the manifestation of heat in the pelvic region, which might also impact the driver’s semen quality. The data on motor traffic pollution, sitting posture duration while driving, and their impact on reproduction was collected by searching various websites. The data on the effects of traffic-related contamination on motorway tollgate workers indicated an alteration in semen quality parameters to some extent compared to control, i.e., nonexposed to traffic-connected pollution. Still, the data on other male reproductive endpoints are scanty. Some data on the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on pregnancy outcomes are accessible based on the studies mostly carried out in women residing close to the main road, which suggests the adverse impact of TRAP on pregnancy outcomes. The comprehensive data on drivers with reverence to professional driving i.e., long duration of sitting while driving and reproductive health, is scanty and needs more studies. The available information suggests that vehicular pollution might affect the semen quality and pregnancy outcome to some extent. At the same time, the impact on the other reproductive endpoints of both sexes is inconsistent, and additional data is needed to conclude these aspects of human reproduction. Further, there is a need to adopt better efficient fuel engines to reduce TRAPs or use alternate technology or fuel to petrol/diesel.
{"title":"Road Traffic Pollution, Motor Driving Occupation and Human Reproductive Health- An Overview","authors":"Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401004","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, automobile vehicles discharge specific contaminants into the surrounding environment during operation, which might affect human and reproductive health. Additionally, a more extended period of sitting while driving is linked with the manifestation of heat in the pelvic region, which might also impact the driver’s semen quality. The data on motor traffic pollution, sitting posture duration while driving, and their impact on reproduction was collected by searching various websites. The data on the effects of traffic-related contamination on motorway tollgate workers indicated an alteration in semen quality parameters to some extent compared to control, i.e., nonexposed to traffic-connected pollution. Still, the data on other male reproductive endpoints are scanty. Some data on the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on pregnancy outcomes are accessible based on the studies mostly carried out in women residing close to the main road, which suggests the adverse impact of TRAP on pregnancy outcomes. The comprehensive data on drivers with reverence to professional driving i.e., long duration of sitting while driving and reproductive health, is scanty and needs more studies. The available information suggests that vehicular pollution might affect the semen quality and pregnancy outcome to some extent. At the same time, the impact on the other reproductive endpoints of both sexes is inconsistent, and additional data is needed to conclude these aspects of human reproduction. Further, there is a need to adopt better efficient fuel engines to reduce TRAPs or use alternate technology or fuel to petrol/diesel.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Ugoeze, Christian Alalor, Chidozie Ibezim, Bruno Chinko, Peter Owonaro, Clement Anie, Ngozi Okoronkwo, Amaka Mgbahurike, C. Ofomata, D. Alfred-Ugbenbo, Geraldine Ndukwu
The discovery of antibiotics and their use in the last century substantially shifted the management of an array of infections. However, its unprecedented irrational usage and inept disposal of their waste exposed the ecosystems to unquantifiable antibiotic deposits, triggering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with its immeasurable critical risk to public health. By adopting a narrative review method and accessing the available literature, the authors described what constitutes antibiotic waste, their classification, and the possible paths to access the ecological system. Further steps were taken to define the appropriate methods of disposing of antibiotic waste alongside the documented common wrong approaches in disposing of these currently undertaken in different parts of the globe, thus creating allowance for antibiotic waste mismanagement. The far-reaching consequences of inappropriate disposal of antibiotic waste into the environment were explored, emphasizing its hazardous impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Emphasis was laid on the pressing need for combined efforts involving policymakers, healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical industries, and the public to implement sustainable antibiotic waste management practices and promote their accountable utilization, and further suggested that proactive measures, such as severe regulatory frameworks, community awareness drives, and the promotion of eco-friendly options will be vital to easing the ecological and human health risks correlated with antibiotic waste mismanagement. By realizing the significance of this issue and approving integrated approaches, significant efforts could be accomplished regarding protecting the ecosystem and securing the effectiveness of antibiotics for the upcoming generation.
{"title":"Environmental and Human Health Impact of Antibiotics Waste Mismanagement: A Review","authors":"Kenneth Ugoeze, Christian Alalor, Chidozie Ibezim, Bruno Chinko, Peter Owonaro, Clement Anie, Ngozi Okoronkwo, Amaka Mgbahurike, C. Ofomata, D. Alfred-Ugbenbo, Geraldine Ndukwu","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2401005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2401005","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of antibiotics and their use in the last century substantially shifted the management of an array of infections. However, its unprecedented irrational usage and inept disposal of their waste exposed the ecosystems to unquantifiable antibiotic deposits, triggering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with its immeasurable critical risk to public health. By adopting a narrative review method and accessing the available literature, the authors described what constitutes antibiotic waste, their classification, and the possible paths to access the ecological system. Further steps were taken to define the appropriate methods of disposing of antibiotic waste alongside the documented common wrong approaches in disposing of these currently undertaken in different parts of the globe, thus creating allowance for antibiotic waste mismanagement. The far-reaching consequences of inappropriate disposal of antibiotic waste into the environment were explored, emphasizing its hazardous impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Emphasis was laid on the pressing need for combined efforts involving policymakers, healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical industries, and the public to implement sustainable antibiotic waste management practices and promote their accountable utilization, and further suggested that proactive measures, such as severe regulatory frameworks, community awareness drives, and the promotion of eco-friendly options will be vital to easing the ecological and human health risks correlated with antibiotic waste mismanagement. By realizing the significance of this issue and approving integrated approaches, significant efforts could be accomplished regarding protecting the ecosystem and securing the effectiveness of antibiotics for the upcoming generation.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：