L. A. Martinez, Lizeth Rodríguez, Carlos M. Flores, C. A. Cisneros, Mario W. Chávez, Idis A. Lemus, René I. Ariza
Net zero energy building design methodologies include integrative approaches and numerical tools to provide optimal performance and cost-effective results. Team integration, characterized by knowledge transfer between disciplines, has yet to be quantified for the design processes of these buildings. This article proposes a specific methodology for designing net zero energy buildings, tested through a case study design process conducted in an academic setting at Universidad Centroamericana in El Salvador, with the participation of students and faculty members. Through a survey, interdisciplinary knowledge transfer between team members was measured. We found that, without additional instruction, team participants outperformed a control group without project involvement by 16.4% (P < 0.002, t-test) in terms of interdisciplinary knowledge. This result implies that designers acquire new knowledge from other disciplines by interacting and solving design problems, although such acquisition is not uniform between disciplines. Remarkably, results show that the disciplinary groups that acquired the most knowledge about each other are Mechanical Engineering students and Architecture students. These results help us understand how to improve the design process, limit boundaries for disciplinary interactions, and determine which specific knowledge gaps to target per discipline in engineering and architecture education.
{"title":"On Net Zero Energy Building Design Methodology: A Case Study Examining Learning as Measured by Interdisciplinary Knowledge Acquisition","authors":"L. A. Martinez, Lizeth Rodríguez, Carlos M. Flores, C. A. Cisneros, Mario W. Chávez, Idis A. Lemus, René I. Ariza","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2301001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2301001","url":null,"abstract":"Net zero energy building design methodologies include integrative approaches and numerical tools to provide optimal performance and cost-effective results. Team integration, characterized by knowledge transfer between disciplines, has yet to be quantified for the design processes of these buildings. This article proposes a specific methodology for designing net zero energy buildings, tested through a case study design process conducted in an academic setting at Universidad Centroamericana in El Salvador, with the participation of students and faculty members. Through a survey, interdisciplinary knowledge transfer between team members was measured. We found that, without additional instruction, team participants outperformed a control group without project involvement by 16.4% (P < 0.002, t-test) in terms of interdisciplinary knowledge. This result implies that designers acquire new knowledge from other disciplines by interacting and solving design problems, although such acquisition is not uniform between disciplines. Remarkably, results show that the disciplinary groups that acquired the most knowledge about each other are Mechanical Engineering students and Architecture students. These results help us understand how to improve the design process, limit boundaries for disciplinary interactions, and determine which specific knowledge gaps to target per discipline in engineering and architecture education.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crisis management assessment and planning include many components. One of the essential elements is the review and analysis of the structure of the existing situation and the performance of Vital services in the face of critical cases. During the occurrence of natural disasters, the issue of crisis management is crucial in order to reduce the damages caused by the crisis. One thing that reduces the damages is the correct and timely access of critical relief centers such as fire departments, emergency, police force, and crisis management centers to their covered areas. Therefore, in this research, the structure of these vital centers' existing situation and location were investigated first, and the operating radius of these centers was measured according to specific standards. In this research, Network Analyst has been used to analyze 8300 streets, taking into account the average speed limit and the length and width of each street in the GIS to calculate the level of coverage of vital relief agencies. This system uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the best route, the most straightforward algorithm among all existing algorithms. It also has high power and speed in calculations. In this article, after analyzing the performance of four vital services during crisis management in terms of accessibility and zoning, and prioritization based on the level of high, medium, and poor coverage, and according to the obtained results, it is suggested that a new location for creating new service centers should be established in areas with poor coverage so that the balance in the field of relief is done in the face of future crises. Other urban researchers can use this approach.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Performance of Vital Services in Urban Crisis Management","authors":"Faraz Estelaji, A. Naseri, Rahimov M. Zahedi","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204057","url":null,"abstract":"Crisis management assessment and planning include many components. One of the essential elements is the review and analysis of the structure of the existing situation and the performance of Vital services in the face of critical cases. During the occurrence of natural disasters, the issue of crisis management is crucial in order to reduce the damages caused by the crisis. One thing that reduces the damages is the correct and timely access of critical relief centers such as fire departments, emergency, police force, and crisis management centers to their covered areas. Therefore, in this research, the structure of these vital centers' existing situation and location were investigated first, and the operating radius of these centers was measured according to specific standards. In this research, Network Analyst has been used to analyze 8300 streets, taking into account the average speed limit and the length and width of each street in the GIS to calculate the level of coverage of vital relief agencies. This system uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the best route, the most straightforward algorithm among all existing algorithms. It also has high power and speed in calculations. In this article, after analyzing the performance of four vital services during crisis management in terms of accessibility and zoning, and prioritization based on the level of high, medium, and poor coverage, and according to the obtained results, it is suggested that a new location for creating new service centers should be established in areas with poor coverage so that the balance in the field of relief is done in the face of future crises. Other urban researchers can use this approach.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out in three different locations in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh，to observe soil carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems as a mitigation strategy for climate change. A total of 108 composite soil samples were collected at 0-30 cm in different study area sites. The total number of samples comprised three agroforestry systems (cropland agroforestry, homestead agroforestry, and orchard agroforestry)， where 36 samples were collected from each agroforestry system. Three adjacent soil samples were collected from each agroforestry system and mixed to get composite soil samples. The outcomes revealed that the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) changes over the age of the orchard. Moreover, the results indicated that there are significant differences among the systems. The highest SOC (1.60%) was found in Eucalyptus woodlot-based agroforestry system，and the lowest SOC (0.29%) was found in the Mahogany woodlot-based agroforestry system although both organic carbon and organic matter are deficient compared to the optimum level. Furthermore, in the case of soil pH, the highest value (5.45) was recorded under the Mango tree，while the lowest value (5.12) was recorded under the Mahogany tree. Based on the findings, the study determined that all the collected samples were acidic. The investigation concluded that most species of homestead agroforestry systems provide maximum SOC and SOM as compared to cropland and orchard. The present study provides significant recommendations for soil carbon enrichment and environmental safety practices in the agroforestry systems to mitigate climate change through soil carbon management.
{"title":"Soil Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems as a Mitigation Strategy of Climate Change: A Case Study from Dinajpur, Bangladesh","authors":"Shoaib Rahman, Abdirizak A. Ali, A. Raihan","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204056","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in three different locations in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh，to observe soil carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems as a mitigation strategy for climate change. A total of 108 composite soil samples were collected at 0-30 cm in different study area sites. The total number of samples comprised three agroforestry systems (cropland agroforestry, homestead agroforestry, and orchard agroforestry)， where 36 samples were collected from each agroforestry system. Three adjacent soil samples were collected from each agroforestry system and mixed to get composite soil samples. The outcomes revealed that the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) changes over the age of the orchard. Moreover, the results indicated that there are significant differences among the systems. The highest SOC (1.60%) was found in Eucalyptus woodlot-based agroforestry system，and the lowest SOC (0.29%) was found in the Mahogany woodlot-based agroforestry system although both organic carbon and organic matter are deficient compared to the optimum level. Furthermore, in the case of soil pH, the highest value (5.45) was recorded under the Mango tree，while the lowest value (5.12) was recorded under the Mahogany tree. Based on the findings, the study determined that all the collected samples were acidic. The investigation concluded that most species of homestead agroforestry systems provide maximum SOC and SOM as compared to cropland and orchard. The present study provides significant recommendations for soil carbon enrichment and environmental safety practices in the agroforestry systems to mitigate climate change through soil carbon management.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124839094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is becoming more dependent on energy resources, which translates into political dependency on energy-exported states. This will significantly impact the economy, transport, and the environment around the world. Railway transport is becoming an essential mode of transportation because it can operate on an electrified network and has zero carbon emissions. High-Speed Railways (HSR) is an energy-intensive transport system, and it is important economically and environmentally to reduce the amount of used energy. This study examined high-speed rail from an energy efficiency point of view and found factors that can significantly reduce the energy consumption of high-speed rail. This research aims to answer the question that motivated this research: what fundamental factors affect the energy consumption of the selected HSR systems? It estimated the dynamic changes in the total energy consumption for seven HSR systems from 2010-2017 and benchmarked the most energy efficient HSR systems. The non-radial Data Envelopment Analyses methodology has been used to fulfil this research. To conduct complex statistical analyses, IBM SPSS has been applied. The main findings have shown that the decrease in vehicle mass, improved design of high-speed rolling stock and increased occupancy of trains will support the reduction of energy consumption by high-speed railways. The changes in energy consumption strongly correlate with the type of high-speed rolling stock and operational strategies. The expected outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and advancing more sustainable HSR systems. This research will support train operators in making decisions when acquiring new trains and assess the benefits of acceleration in modernising the current rolling stock.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency of High-Speed Railways n","authors":"I. Watson, A. Ali, A. Bayyati","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204055","url":null,"abstract":"The world is becoming more dependent on energy resources, which translates into political dependency on energy-exported states. This will significantly impact the economy, transport, and the environment around the world. Railway transport is becoming an essential mode of transportation because it can operate on an electrified network and has zero carbon emissions. High-Speed Railways (HSR) is an energy-intensive transport system, and it is important economically and environmentally to reduce the amount of used energy. This study examined high-speed rail from an energy efficiency point of view and found factors that can significantly reduce the energy consumption of high-speed rail. This research aims to answer the question that motivated this research: what fundamental factors affect the energy consumption of the selected HSR systems? It estimated the dynamic changes in the total energy consumption for seven HSR systems from 2010-2017 and benchmarked the most energy efficient HSR systems. The non-radial Data Envelopment Analyses methodology has been used to fulfil this research. To conduct complex statistical analyses, IBM SPSS has been applied. The main findings have shown that the decrease in vehicle mass, improved design of high-speed rolling stock and increased occupancy of trains will support the reduction of energy consumption by high-speed railways. The changes in energy consumption strongly correlate with the type of high-speed rolling stock and operational strategies. The expected outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and advancing more sustainable HSR systems. This research will support train operators in making decisions when acquiring new trains and assess the benefits of acceleration in modernising the current rolling stock.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The urgency to manage global methane emissions has been acknowledged with international pledges to reduce 2020 levels by 30% by 2030. Carbon management requires effective tools to monitor changes, including those from significant sources including waste disposed on land. The first order degradation model used to determine landfill methane emissions, has been described by researchers as highly variable, insensitive and inadequate, despite recent attempts to explain microclimate impacts on methane oxidation. The development of detailed regional inventories is hampered by these variables. The availability of historical waste management and meteorological data in California, enables a theoretical review and modelling of meteorological moisture changes with methane generation data in a region of decadal drought. This study identifies a novel approach in the modelling of regional optimisation of variable seasonal parameters of moisture and methane oxidation based on the adjustment of the methane correction factor (MCF) generally assumed to be MCF = 1 for managed sites, that is optimised as MCFsite ≠ 1 as the average regional MCFall sites, → 1 (Range: <1, ≥1). Regional annual unmitigated methane emitted in December 2010 after methane recovery, oxidation and flaring is estimated at 0.40 million tonnes, falling to 0.31 million tonnes in 2011 and back to 0.40 million tonnes in 2012 (Pr < 0.01, n = 370). as meteorological conditions returned to the changing decadal norm. Meteorological and climate sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to the regional water balance, spatial distribution of landfill site moisture levels, satellite imagery of 2012 wildfire intensity ranges, the 2011 El Nino impacts and independent data sources. The method provides accurate regional methane assessments inclusive of soil and cover material oxidation. This will primarily benefit developing countries where landfill remains a dominant option, enabling the development of database linked satellite monitoring and detailed regional landfill climate emission inventories.
管理全球甲烷排放的紧迫性已得到承认，国际社会承诺到2030年将2020年的水平减少30%。碳管理需要有效的工具来监测变化，包括来自陆地上处置的废物等重要来源的变化。用于确定垃圾填埋场甲烷排放的一级降解模型被研究人员描述为高度可变、不敏感和不充分，尽管最近试图解释小气候对甲烷氧化的影响。这些变数妨碍了详细区域清单的编制。加利福尼亚的历史废物管理和气象数据的可用性，使在十年干旱地区利用甲烷生成数据对气象湿度变化进行理论审查和建模成为可能。本研究确定了一种基于甲烷校正因子(MCF)调整的湿度和甲烷氧化变季节参数区域优化建模的新方法，该方法通常假设管理站点的甲烷校正因子(MCF) = 1，即MCFsite≠1时优化为平均区域MCFall站点→1(范围:<1，≥1)。2010年12月，经甲烷回收、氧化和燃除后，区域年度未减除甲烷排放量估计为40万吨，2011年降至31万吨，2012年回落至40万吨(Pr < 0.01, n = 370)。随着气象条件回归到变化的年代际标准。气象和气候敏感性与区域水平衡、填埋场湿度空间分布、2012年野火强度范围卫星图像、2011年厄尔尼诺影响和独立数据源有关。该方法提供准确的区域甲烷评估，包括土壤和覆盖材料氧化。这将主要使填埋仍然是主要选择的发展中国家受益，从而能够发展与数据库有关的卫星监测和详细的区域填埋气候排放清单。
{"title":"Demonstrating Regional Climate and Meteorological Sensitivity in Landfill Methane Inventories from Historical Californian Databases","authors":"P. Dumble","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204054","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency to manage global methane emissions has been acknowledged with international pledges to reduce 2020 levels by 30% by 2030. Carbon management requires effective tools to monitor changes, including those from significant sources including waste disposed on land. The first order degradation model used to determine landfill methane emissions, has been described by researchers as highly variable, insensitive and inadequate, despite recent attempts to explain microclimate impacts on methane oxidation. The development of detailed regional inventories is hampered by these variables. The availability of historical waste management and meteorological data in California, enables a theoretical review and modelling of meteorological moisture changes with methane generation data in a region of decadal drought. This study identifies a novel approach in the modelling of regional optimisation of variable seasonal parameters of moisture and methane oxidation based on the adjustment of the methane correction factor (MCF) generally assumed to be MCF = 1 for managed sites, that is optimised as MCFsite ≠ 1 as the average regional MCFall sites, → 1 (Range: <1, ≥1). Regional annual unmitigated methane emitted in December 2010 after methane recovery, oxidation and flaring is estimated at 0.40 million tonnes, falling to 0.31 million tonnes in 2011 and back to 0.40 million tonnes in 2012 (Pr < 0.01, n = 370). as meteorological conditions returned to the changing decadal norm. Meteorological and climate sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to the regional water balance, spatial distribution of landfill site moisture levels, satellite imagery of 2012 wildfire intensity ranges, the 2011 El Nino impacts and independent data sources. The method provides accurate regional methane assessments inclusive of soil and cover material oxidation. This will primarily benefit developing countries where landfill remains a dominant option, enabling the development of database linked satellite monitoring and detailed regional landfill climate emission inventories.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122110748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main research objective is to highlight the potentiality of artificial groundwater recharge in Al-Qilt catchment- Jericho – Palestine regarding the water shortage in the groundwater-supplied areas. Artificial recharge can be a possible option in increasing the storability of the underground aquifer, which will add values to the Palestinian strategy to optimize the total accessibility of groundwater resources. The increase of water demands and the scarcity of water resources in the Jordan Rift areas are putting challenges for the water managers and planners to improve the water supplies in order to reach the best ways for the integrated water resources management. In Al-Qilt catchment, the surface water discharge flowing into the wadies in huge amounts had no noticeable significant benefits. A hydrological model was built for the Qilt basin using HEC-HMS software system and it was considered as an essential tool for better understanding of the basin hydrological situation and its hydrogeological characteristics. The surface runoff water speed was measured to be 3.2 m/s (27th of February, 2019) with a cross section width of 9.2 m and 0.75 m hight with water leading to a flow of 18.77 m3/s and the total flow of approximately 67565 m3/hr. The estimated model simulations reavealed of 18.5 m3/s and 66600 m3/hr for the speed flow and the total flow respectively and matched with the measured ones. The results were used for improving the aquifer-integrated management in Al-Qilt area and determining of the aquifer potentiality for artificial recharge. The built model results gave guiding to the hydrologists and the decision makers for selecting the appropriate techniques and sites for artificial recharge. The model indicated of good simulation tools to be used for other West Bank catchments.
{"title":"Groundwater Artificial Recharge Potentiality in Al-Qilt Catchment Jericho – West Bank – Palestine","authors":"A. Masri, M. Ghanem","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204053","url":null,"abstract":"The main research objective is to highlight the potentiality of artificial groundwater recharge in Al-Qilt catchment- Jericho – Palestine regarding the water shortage in the groundwater-supplied areas. Artificial recharge can be a possible option in increasing the storability of the underground aquifer, which will add values to the Palestinian strategy to optimize the total accessibility of groundwater resources. The increase of water demands and the scarcity of water resources in the Jordan Rift areas are putting challenges for the water managers and planners to improve the water supplies in order to reach the best ways for the integrated water resources management. In Al-Qilt catchment, the surface water discharge flowing into the wadies in huge amounts had no noticeable significant benefits. A hydrological model was built for the Qilt basin using HEC-HMS software system and it was considered as an essential tool for better understanding of the basin hydrological situation and its hydrogeological characteristics. The surface runoff water speed was measured to be 3.2 m/s (27th of February, 2019) with a cross section width of 9.2 m and 0.75 m hight with water leading to a flow of 18.77 m3/s and the total flow of approximately 67565 m3/hr. The estimated model simulations reavealed of 18.5 m3/s and 66600 m3/hr for the speed flow and the total flow respectively and matched with the measured ones. The results were used for improving the aquifer-integrated management in Al-Qilt area and determining of the aquifer potentiality for artificial recharge. The built model results gave guiding to the hydrologists and the decision makers for selecting the appropriate techniques and sites for artificial recharge. The model indicated of good simulation tools to be used for other West Bank catchments.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"1533 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115776414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing human population, the protection of water resources is becoming a critical issue. Wetlands are one of the most important water resources, helping assimilate pollutants. Hence, the ecosystem integrity of wetlands is important. Plant bioindicators with phytoremediation (physiologically removing pollutants from the ecosystem by plants) capacity can be very helpful in this regard. Based on the current literature, this study specifically aims to overview plant bioindicators with phytoremediation ability. A systemic literature review (SLR) method was used to find a detailed overview of the most relevant research. A total of 70 plants were identified as bioindicators. Out of all the indicator plants, Phragmites australis, Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba, Apium nodiflorum, Arundo donax, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus acutus, Nasturtium officinale, Typha angustifolia and Typha domingensis was identified as the most studied bioindicator plants. The literature review revealed that these plant bioindicators had treatment impacts on metals, nutrients, urban runoffs and wastewater. According to studies, the roots of these plant bioindicators are primarily for absorbing pollutants, which is a specific physiological property of phytoremediation. Hence, the study concluded that for specific waste materials this set of plant bioindicators can be strong contenders for understanding wetland ecosystem integrity and their physiological mechanisms of phytoremediation can provide a blueprint for developing “bioindicators” for wetlands.
{"title":"A Review of Plant Bioindicators in Wetlands","authors":"Subhomita Ghosh Ghosh Roy","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204052","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing human population, the protection of water resources is becoming a critical issue. Wetlands are one of the most important water resources, helping assimilate pollutants. Hence, the ecosystem integrity of wetlands is important. Plant bioindicators with phytoremediation (physiologically removing pollutants from the ecosystem by plants) capacity can be very helpful in this regard. Based on the current literature, this study specifically aims to overview plant bioindicators with phytoremediation ability. A systemic literature review (SLR) method was used to find a detailed overview of the most relevant research. A total of 70 plants were identified as bioindicators. Out of all the indicator plants, Phragmites australis, Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba, Apium nodiflorum, Arundo donax, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus acutus, Nasturtium officinale, Typha angustifolia and Typha domingensis was identified as the most studied bioindicator plants. The literature review revealed that these plant bioindicators had treatment impacts on metals, nutrients, urban runoffs and wastewater. According to studies, the roots of these plant bioindicators are primarily for absorbing pollutants, which is a specific physiological property of phytoremediation. Hence, the study concluded that for specific waste materials this set of plant bioindicators can be strong contenders for understanding wetland ecosystem integrity and their physiological mechanisms of phytoremediation can provide a blueprint for developing “bioindicators” for wetlands.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121570819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is one of the main challenges of the current century. Emissions taxes are one of the proposed ways to help in addressing this issue. In this sense, Portugal has introduced an Addition Tax on Carbon Emissions through Law N. 82-D/2014. One of the most notorious impacts of climate change in the country is the wildfires increasing in frequency and intensity. Forests provide various ecosystem services not valued by traditional markets, such as carbon sequestration. Recently, Portugal has created new environmental policies that deal with fire prevention and biodiversity conservation through payment for ecosystem services schemes. In this context, the objective of this work was to perform an order of magnitude analysis of the revenue from the Addition Tax on Carbon Emissions (Law N. 82-D/2014) and contrast it with the investment costs of RCM N. 121/2019 (Payment for Ecosystem Services) and of RCM N. 59/2017 (Prescribed Burning Program). The results indicated that the Addition Tax revenue was much greater than the costs of the other two policies combined, even if expanding the use of prescribed burning in the country. This suggested that these policies can work synergistically, as development agendas recommend, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This analysis framework might be helpful for other countries, especially in the Mediterranean Basin.
{"title":"Carbon Taxation as An Instrument to Promote Wildfire Prevention and Avoid Biodiversity Loss in Portugal: An Order of Magnitude Analysis","authors":"Renata Martins Pacheco","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204051","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the main challenges of the current century. Emissions taxes are one of the proposed ways to help in addressing this issue. In this sense, Portugal has introduced an Addition Tax on Carbon Emissions through Law N. 82-D/2014. One of the most notorious impacts of climate change in the country is the wildfires increasing in frequency and intensity. Forests provide various ecosystem services not valued by traditional markets, such as carbon sequestration. Recently, Portugal has created new environmental policies that deal with fire prevention and biodiversity conservation through payment for ecosystem services schemes. In this context, the objective of this work was to perform an order of magnitude analysis of the revenue from the Addition Tax on Carbon Emissions (Law N. 82-D/2014) and contrast it with the investment costs of RCM N. 121/2019 (Payment for Ecosystem Services) and of RCM N. 59/2017 (Prescribed Burning Program). The results indicated that the Addition Tax revenue was much greater than the costs of the other two policies combined, even if expanding the use of prescribed burning in the country. This suggested that these policies can work synergistically, as development agendas recommend, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This analysis framework might be helpful for other countries, especially in the Mediterranean Basin.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122350612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 lockdown reduced the amount of human activity in Selangor, resulting in improved water quality, less water pollution, and a restored ecosystem. The purpose of this research was to investigate water quality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as changes in water pollution. After acquiring all of the data from third-party sources, this study analyzed the data using a methodical and statistical approach to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor. The purpose of the data analysis was to determine whether the parameters in the water samples met the Malaysian water quality standard. To summarise, there were positive impacts on DO, TSS, ammoniacal nitrogen, and turbidity during the pandemic lockdown period, but negative impacts on BOD, COD, and pH levels. The National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) (2022) also indicated that typical water resources remained polluted and that moderation activities for pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and turbidity parameter were required to assure improved water resources in 2023. This observation was further demonstrated and agreed upon as the impact of the blockade became evident and the anthropogenic impact on water quality became apparent. Based on observations and analysis, it is possible to highlight the positive and negative aspects of the pandemic lockdown period in terms of water quality and wastewater in Selangor.
{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality in Selangor, Malaysia during the Pandemic Movement Control Order","authors":"Aini Hidayati Shahrir, G. Hayder","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204050","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 lockdown reduced the amount of human activity in Selangor, resulting in improved water quality, less water pollution, and a restored ecosystem. The purpose of this research was to investigate water quality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as changes in water pollution. After acquiring all of the data from third-party sources, this study analyzed the data using a methodical and statistical approach to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor. The purpose of the data analysis was to determine whether the parameters in the water samples met the Malaysian water quality standard. To summarise, there were positive impacts on DO, TSS, ammoniacal nitrogen, and turbidity during the pandemic lockdown period, but negative impacts on BOD, COD, and pH levels. The National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) (2022) also indicated that typical water resources remained polluted and that moderation activities for pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and turbidity parameter were required to assure improved water resources in 2023. This observation was further demonstrated and agreed upon as the impact of the blockade became evident and the anthropogenic impact on water quality became apparent. Based on observations and analysis, it is possible to highlight the positive and negative aspects of the pandemic lockdown period in terms of water quality and wastewater in Selangor.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121745772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A filtered Poisson process is proposed as a model for river flows. With the help of real-life data, the model parameters are estimated. Mathematical formulae are derived in order to estimate the various return periods of the river. An application to two rivers shows that the point estimates are very close to the corresponding values computed by hydrologists, based on historical data. Moreover, by modifying the values of the parameters in the model, we can see the potential effects of climate change on the return periods.
{"title":"Estimation of the Return Periods in Hydrology","authors":"M. Lefebvre","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204049","url":null,"abstract":"A filtered Poisson process is proposed as a model for river flows. With the help of real-life data, the model parameters are estimated. Mathematical formulae are derived in order to estimate the various return periods of the river. An application to two rivers shows that the point estimates are very close to the corresponding values computed by hydrologists, based on historical data. Moreover, by modifying the values of the parameters in the model, we can see the potential effects of climate change on the return periods.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133789562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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