Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1177/2277436x231152977
U. Gupta, Nilupher Feroz, Kshetrimayum Surmala Devi, Meenal Dhall, N. Dhamija, A. Mangla
Today’s times are witnessing the younger ones getting totally immersed in screen-driven operations from a very tender age. This study assesses the role of screen-time exposure at regulating the academic performance of students at school, in association with age and gender. Students in the age group of 10–15 years were considered under the present study. Non-probability convenient, purposive sampling technique had been used for this cross-sectional investigation. Ethical clearance was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Informed, written consent was received from all participants. Those who volunteered for this study, as permitted by their parents, filled a standardised questionnaire, and their academic performance in the last attended semester was also recorded. Data gathered were analysed using SPSS 20.0. The study hints that watching television for 1 hour and/or more every day, specifically, tends to interfere with the general competency at school (tracked with aggregate scores). The students, primarily using computer and other related screens for less than 1 hour or even not at all on a daily basis were linked to higher composite academic scores. Hence, only an optimal media-screen usage is acceptable, noted to have been giving up at-par academic scores without impairing the scholastic performance of students.
{"title":"Digital Screen Time as a Characteristic of Academic Performance among School-Going Children","authors":"U. Gupta, Nilupher Feroz, Kshetrimayum Surmala Devi, Meenal Dhall, N. Dhamija, A. Mangla","doi":"10.1177/2277436x231152977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x231152977","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s times are witnessing the younger ones getting totally immersed in screen-driven operations from a very tender age. This study assesses the role of screen-time exposure at regulating the academic performance of students at school, in association with age and gender. Students in the age group of 10–15 years were considered under the present study. Non-probability convenient, purposive sampling technique had been used for this cross-sectional investigation. Ethical clearance was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Informed, written consent was received from all participants. Those who volunteered for this study, as permitted by their parents, filled a standardised questionnaire, and their academic performance in the last attended semester was also recorded. Data gathered were analysed using SPSS 20.0. The study hints that watching television for 1 hour and/or more every day, specifically, tends to interfere with the general competency at school (tracked with aggregate scores). The students, primarily using computer and other related screens for less than 1 hour or even not at all on a daily basis were linked to higher composite academic scores. Hence, only an optimal media-screen usage is acceptable, noted to have been giving up at-par academic scores without impairing the scholastic performance of students.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121365769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1177/2277436x231159761
Ubaid Ahmad Dar, Mitoo Das
Despite immense ethnographic and archaeological potential, nomadic pastoralism finds not much attention from an ethnoarchaeological perspective in India. The ethnoarchaeological survey was thus undertaken among the contemporary pastoralist tribe of Bakarwal in the Kashmir Himalayan region to aid in the development of a diachronic model for seasonal transhumance. From this study, it is suggested that pastoralist communities in the northwest Himalayas retained flexible ethnic identities, dynamic settlement and subsistence patterns, and maintained trade and exchange relationships with adjacent groups over the historical period. The ethnoarchaeological analysis of Bakarwal sites in the Kashmir Himalayas has demonstrated that these sites’ structure, geographical positioning and functionality provide critical information concerning the exploitation of the landscape by the pastoral groups.
{"title":"Ethnoarchaeology of Pastoral Transhumance in Kashmir Himalayas","authors":"Ubaid Ahmad Dar, Mitoo Das","doi":"10.1177/2277436x231159761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x231159761","url":null,"abstract":"Despite immense ethnographic and archaeological potential, nomadic pastoralism finds not much attention from an ethnoarchaeological perspective in India. The ethnoarchaeological survey was thus undertaken among the contemporary pastoralist tribe of Bakarwal in the Kashmir Himalayan region to aid in the development of a diachronic model for seasonal transhumance. From this study, it is suggested that pastoralist communities in the northwest Himalayas retained flexible ethnic identities, dynamic settlement and subsistence patterns, and maintained trade and exchange relationships with adjacent groups over the historical period. The ethnoarchaeological analysis of Bakarwal sites in the Kashmir Himalayas has demonstrated that these sites’ structure, geographical positioning and functionality provide critical information concerning the exploitation of the landscape by the pastoral groups.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115367298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1177/2277436x231163711
Rithwik Sankar A, B. Justin
Many rituals in North Malabar can be read as complex cultural spaces that articulate subaltern concerns to a certain extent. However, rituals also perpetuate hegemonic ideologies dictated by and embedded within the caste system. Theyyam, a traditional ritual art in North Malabar, carries ritualistic elements of worship and penance along with the convergence of various forms like dance, painting and music. In Theyyam, a traditional ritual art in North Malabar, the female impersonation of the Mother Goddess and female deities occurs in the transvestite ritualistic performances by men. Devakkooth, or the dance of the goddess, a ritual art performed in an islet or thuruth, is widely regarded as the only Theyyam performed by women from the Malaya community, where women impersonate the goddess. Devakkooth is different from other performing arts because of its performance style and self-reflexivity on the thuruth culture. This article discusses key aspects of Devakkooth: the myth, the song of the performance, body movements, geographical specialities and its cultural and ritualistic self-reflexivity. This paper explores the unique aspects of Devakkooth as a female performance artistic dance ritual.
{"title":"Devakkooth: A Ritual Dance Art from an Islet in North Malabar","authors":"Rithwik Sankar A, B. Justin","doi":"10.1177/2277436x231163711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x231163711","url":null,"abstract":"Many rituals in North Malabar can be read as complex cultural spaces that articulate subaltern concerns to a certain extent. However, rituals also perpetuate hegemonic ideologies dictated by and embedded within the caste system. Theyyam, a traditional ritual art in North Malabar, carries ritualistic elements of worship and penance along with the convergence of various forms like dance, painting and music. In Theyyam, a traditional ritual art in North Malabar, the female impersonation of the Mother Goddess and female deities occurs in the transvestite ritualistic performances by men. Devakkooth, or the dance of the goddess, a ritual art performed in an islet or thuruth, is widely regarded as the only Theyyam performed by women from the Malaya community, where women impersonate the goddess. Devakkooth is different from other performing arts because of its performance style and self-reflexivity on the thuruth culture. This article discusses key aspects of Devakkooth: the myth, the song of the performance, body movements, geographical specialities and its cultural and ritualistic self-reflexivity. This paper explores the unique aspects of Devakkooth as a female performance artistic dance ritual.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127089167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436X231178966
M. Sasikumar
{"title":"A. K. Sinha, Ratika Thakur and Avanee Khatri, Social Impact Assessment in India: Learning from the Field. Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd., 2023, pp. xxi+367, ₹571. ISBN: 978-93-5479-538-1 (PB); ISBN: 978-93-5479-549-7 (e-book).","authors":"M. Sasikumar","doi":"10.1177/2277436X231178966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X231178966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126519073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/2277436X231159762
Shromona Dhara, A. Mozumdar, Subho Roy
The purpose of this article was to conduct a review on the determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality, obstetric health scenario, especially after the implementation of the Janani Surksha Yojana (JSY) and recognise the existing gaps in research in obstetric health and healthcare utilisation in India. The articles were retrieved using search engines like Google Scholar and PubMed, using specific combination of terms along with the grey literature available in national and regional health databases. Although the current medical knowledge and interventions are capable to tackle most physical preconditions responsible for maternal deaths, yet the utilisation of healthcare facilities depends on the available health infrastructure, human resources and quality of services that are accessible and acceptable to the beneficiaries. Acceptability especially is impacted by the health-seeking behaviour of a community. The implementation of JSY is believed to contribute to the decline of maternal mortality ratio, yet maternal health outcome reports gross inequity in terms of utilisation of antenatal care and postnatal care at many sub-national levels. Thus, micro-level studies are required to understand critically the level of utilisation of formal healthcare facilities, in order to ensure an unscathed maternal health profile throughout India.
{"title":"Challenges in Obstetric Morbidity and Mortality, With Special Reference to India: A Literature Review","authors":"Shromona Dhara, A. Mozumdar, Subho Roy","doi":"10.1177/2277436X231159762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X231159762","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article was to conduct a review on the determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality, obstetric health scenario, especially after the implementation of the Janani Surksha Yojana (JSY) and recognise the existing gaps in research in obstetric health and healthcare utilisation in India. The articles were retrieved using search engines like Google Scholar and PubMed, using specific combination of terms along with the grey literature available in national and regional health databases. Although the current medical knowledge and interventions are capable to tackle most physical preconditions responsible for maternal deaths, yet the utilisation of healthcare facilities depends on the available health infrastructure, human resources and quality of services that are accessible and acceptable to the beneficiaries. Acceptability especially is impacted by the health-seeking behaviour of a community. The implementation of JSY is believed to contribute to the decline of maternal mortality ratio, yet maternal health outcome reports gross inequity in terms of utilisation of antenatal care and postnatal care at many sub-national levels. Thus, micro-level studies are required to understand critically the level of utilisation of formal healthcare facilities, in order to ensure an unscathed maternal health profile throughout India.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125814347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1177/2277436x231159772
Shivanshi Nehria, A. Ghosh
This article is an ethnographic examination of the participation of Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh in state politics. Traditionally, they followed pastoral nomadism, but now the trend has changed. Gaddis today prefer government and private sector jobs. However, Gaddis were also trying to make a career in politics. Many had registered their names in state politics with their enthusiastic involvement. After Independence, only the Gaddis from the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh were notified as Scheduled Tribes. But with their active involvement in politics, in 2002, Bharatiya Janata Party leaders from Dharamshala and Baijnath appealed for scheduled caste status to the rest of the Gaddis living in Himachal Pradesh who were classified under other backward classes. All the Gaddis from different areas were re-notified as Scheduled Tribes and given rights with regard to aid, education and jobs in January 2003. They had been facing discrimination among other communities due to their occupation and lifestyle but with the passage of time, Gaddis tried to maintain their identity among other communities by actively participating in politics and showing their presence to others. The aim of the study was to explore how the Gaddis were ensuring their political identity through their support of cultural identities and relation within and outside their tribe.
{"title":"Political Participation of Gaddi Tribe of Himachal Pradesh in State Politics","authors":"Shivanshi Nehria, A. Ghosh","doi":"10.1177/2277436x231159772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x231159772","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an ethnographic examination of the participation of Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh in state politics. Traditionally, they followed pastoral nomadism, but now the trend has changed. Gaddis today prefer government and private sector jobs. However, Gaddis were also trying to make a career in politics. Many had registered their names in state politics with their enthusiastic involvement. After Independence, only the Gaddis from the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh were notified as Scheduled Tribes. But with their active involvement in politics, in 2002, Bharatiya Janata Party leaders from Dharamshala and Baijnath appealed for scheduled caste status to the rest of the Gaddis living in Himachal Pradesh who were classified under other backward classes. All the Gaddis from different areas were re-notified as Scheduled Tribes and given rights with regard to aid, education and jobs in January 2003. They had been facing discrimination among other communities due to their occupation and lifestyle but with the passage of time, Gaddis tried to maintain their identity among other communities by actively participating in politics and showing their presence to others. The aim of the study was to explore how the Gaddis were ensuring their political identity through their support of cultural identities and relation within and outside their tribe.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130368892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1177/2277436x231159769
Ramandeep Bawa, A. K. Sinha
Home health care services are an extension of the hospital services provided in the home of the patients. These services cover systematic nursing care and professional caregiving to chronically ill and bedridden patients. There are a substantial number of such patients who are immobile or suffer from chronic illnesses such as dementia, cancer, hypertension and similar ill-health conditions where constant care is necessary. The home care services, therefore, range from basic support for conducting the routine daily activities of dressing, grooming, ambulation and preparing prescribed meals to complex nursing services such as feeding through a nasogastric tube, catheter change, administering injections, medications and tending to tracheotomy. There is a growing need for the successful retention of people working in home care. This article provides vital insights into the job experiences of nurses and General Duty Assistants, which have been provided through qualitative findings of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 40 nurses and 40 General Duty Assistants. Open-ended questions were used to obtain the views of participants, and three primary relationships affecting their emotional state were identified. Relationship with the patient, family members of the patient and agency supervisor were studied. The participants were asked to describe the reasons why they do their jobs and the challenges they face while working in home care. Short-term and long-term recommendations were formulated based on the participant’s narratives.
{"title":"Expansion of Home Health Care: Experience of Nurses and General Duty Assistants: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Ramandeep Bawa, A. K. Sinha","doi":"10.1177/2277436x231159769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436x231159769","url":null,"abstract":"Home health care services are an extension of the hospital services provided in the home of the patients. These services cover systematic nursing care and professional caregiving to chronically ill and bedridden patients. There are a substantial number of such patients who are immobile or suffer from chronic illnesses such as dementia, cancer, hypertension and similar ill-health conditions where constant care is necessary. The home care services, therefore, range from basic support for conducting the routine daily activities of dressing, grooming, ambulation and preparing prescribed meals to complex nursing services such as feeding through a nasogastric tube, catheter change, administering injections, medications and tending to tracheotomy. There is a growing need for the successful retention of people working in home care. This article provides vital insights into the job experiences of nurses and General Duty Assistants, which have been provided through qualitative findings of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 40 nurses and 40 General Duty Assistants. Open-ended questions were used to obtain the views of participants, and three primary relationships affecting their emotional state were identified. Relationship with the patient, family members of the patient and agency supervisor were studied. The participants were asked to describe the reasons why they do their jobs and the challenges they face while working in home care. Short-term and long-term recommendations were formulated based on the participant’s narratives.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114680417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/2277436X231152045
S. Latheef, B. S. Reddy, B. M. Reddy
Surveillance of risk factors may help in devising interventions for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Most of the studies on NCD risk factors were conducted without taking into consideration the social units of India, like castes and tribes. In this study, an attempt was made to study the NCD risk factors in an endogamous Reddy caste population of Tirupati, India. A sample of 105 adult women and 94 adult men were recruited for this study from the urban areas of Tirupati. Data on demographic, socio-economic, behavioural, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical variables were obtained. Significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (p = 0.00), waist-hip ratio-based central obesity (p = 0.00), high total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (p = 0.00), high waist-height ratio (p = 0.00), high per cent body fat (p = 0.000) and high triglycerides (p = 0.04) were observed in men, whereas women showed a significantly higher prevalence of low (p = 0.01) and isolated HDL cholesterol (p = 0.01). Significantly increased prevalence of WHR-based central obesity (p = 0.017), prediabetes (p = 0.037), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.046) and high total cholesterol (p = 0.047) and decreased prevalence of isolated low HDL cholesterol (p = 0.034) in women with age was observed.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of the Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in an Endogamous Caste Population of Reddys from Tirupati, India","authors":"S. Latheef, B. S. Reddy, B. M. Reddy","doi":"10.1177/2277436X231152045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X231152045","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance of risk factors may help in devising interventions for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Most of the studies on NCD risk factors were conducted without taking into consideration the social units of India, like castes and tribes. In this study, an attempt was made to study the NCD risk factors in an endogamous Reddy caste population of Tirupati, India. A sample of 105 adult women and 94 adult men were recruited for this study from the urban areas of Tirupati. Data on demographic, socio-economic, behavioural, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical variables were obtained. Significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (p = 0.00), waist-hip ratio-based central obesity (p = 0.00), high total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (p = 0.00), high waist-height ratio (p = 0.00), high per cent body fat (p = 0.000) and high triglycerides (p = 0.04) were observed in men, whereas women showed a significantly higher prevalence of low (p = 0.01) and isolated HDL cholesterol (p = 0.01). Significantly increased prevalence of WHR-based central obesity (p = 0.017), prediabetes (p = 0.037), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.046) and high total cholesterol (p = 0.047) and decreased prevalence of isolated low HDL cholesterol (p = 0.034) in women with age was observed.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114105014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1177/2277436X231152974
Ipsita Basu, S. Mukhopadhyay
Numerous studies have revealed that adverse health issues are common in demented caregivers; however, less is known about the health consequences of spouse caregivers. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological health of spousal and non-spousal caregivers of demented individuals. In addition, it also examined the association and strength of the relationship between spouse and non-spousal caregivers’ socio-economic condition. This was a cross-sectional study that included 136 caregivers of demented individuals. Among them, 55.89% (n = 76) were a spouse. The findings suggest that spousal caregivers who care for their demented spouse feel higher anxiety and depressive symptoms as compared with non-spousal caregivers. Socio-demographic factors were shown to be an important predictor of spousal caregivers’ mental health condition. The findings of this study have major policy implications owing to the predicted increase in demand for caregivers, especially spousal caregivers, as the incidence rate of dementia rises over time. It is essential that we endorse not only the health of the care-recipient but also the spousal caregiver as well. We believe that improving access to caregivers’ respite programs would benefit spousal caregivers.
{"title":"Relationship Matters in Dementia Caregiving: A Comparative Study in West Bengal, India","authors":"Ipsita Basu, S. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1177/2277436X231152974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X231152974","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have revealed that adverse health issues are common in demented caregivers; however, less is known about the health consequences of spouse caregivers. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological health of spousal and non-spousal caregivers of demented individuals. In addition, it also examined the association and strength of the relationship between spouse and non-spousal caregivers’ socio-economic condition. This was a cross-sectional study that included 136 caregivers of demented individuals. Among them, 55.89% (n = 76) were a spouse. The findings suggest that spousal caregivers who care for their demented spouse feel higher anxiety and depressive symptoms as compared with non-spousal caregivers. Socio-demographic factors were shown to be an important predictor of spousal caregivers’ mental health condition. The findings of this study have major policy implications owing to the predicted increase in demand for caregivers, especially spousal caregivers, as the incidence rate of dementia rises over time. It is essential that we endorse not only the health of the care-recipient but also the spousal caregiver as well. We believe that improving access to caregivers’ respite programs would benefit spousal caregivers.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"158 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131545891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1177/2277436X231161172
Ahmad A. Kamangu, Helena E. Myeya
This study is an attempt to examine the patterns of sexual behaviours and the underlying factors among young people in East Africa aged between 10 and 24 years from four countries of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. The study reviewed 60 relevant pieces of literature from electronic databases that have examined the objective understudy from different regions. Out of 60 studies reviewed, 31 had specific information from four selected countries in East Africa. The studies were published in English and peer-reviewed journals covering from 2010 through 2021. The current study followed a five-stage methodological framework and the reviewed studies were grouped according to the specific objectives of the current study. The findings that emerged from the review were classified into five main themes which are age at first sex, forms of sexual practices, number of sexual partners and condom use during pre-marital partnerships. The reviewed studies revealed that initiation of sexual debut among young people in East Africa occurs at younger and slightly different ages. Studies have depicted that young people in the region are involved in a wider range of sexual practices ranging from non-coital to coital. Moreover, the reviewed studies have also documented a high level of knowledge about condom availability with low and inconsistent use among adolescents in the region. Furthermore, the reviewed studies have depicted that many adolescents in these countries are engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. A multitude of factors has been reported to influence the prevalence of observed sexual behaviours among adolescents. The study concludes that young East African adolescents are engaging in risky sexual behaviours. Given their numerical strength and indeed the understanding that they are the future of the nations, it is recommended that countries in the region have to invest fully in their education and health by providing comprehensive sexual health education. This should be accompanied by supplying effective reproductive health services at their disposal. Failure on that, many young people in this region will continue to be predisposed to several sexual and reproductive health problems that would negatively shutter not only their dreams but also cripple the family well being and the nation’s development.
{"title":"Exploring Young Peoples’ Sexual Behaviours and the Underlying Factors in East Africa: A Review of Literature from Four Countries","authors":"Ahmad A. Kamangu, Helena E. Myeya","doi":"10.1177/2277436X231161172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2277436X231161172","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to examine the patterns of sexual behaviours and the underlying factors among young people in East Africa aged between 10 and 24 years from four countries of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. The study reviewed 60 relevant pieces of literature from electronic databases that have examined the objective understudy from different regions. Out of 60 studies reviewed, 31 had specific information from four selected countries in East Africa. The studies were published in English and peer-reviewed journals covering from 2010 through 2021. The current study followed a five-stage methodological framework and the reviewed studies were grouped according to the specific objectives of the current study. The findings that emerged from the review were classified into five main themes which are age at first sex, forms of sexual practices, number of sexual partners and condom use during pre-marital partnerships. The reviewed studies revealed that initiation of sexual debut among young people in East Africa occurs at younger and slightly different ages. Studies have depicted that young people in the region are involved in a wider range of sexual practices ranging from non-coital to coital. Moreover, the reviewed studies have also documented a high level of knowledge about condom availability with low and inconsistent use among adolescents in the region. Furthermore, the reviewed studies have depicted that many adolescents in these countries are engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. A multitude of factors has been reported to influence the prevalence of observed sexual behaviours among adolescents. The study concludes that young East African adolescents are engaging in risky sexual behaviours. Given their numerical strength and indeed the understanding that they are the future of the nations, it is recommended that countries in the region have to invest fully in their education and health by providing comprehensive sexual health education. This should be accompanied by supplying effective reproductive health services at their disposal. Failure on that, many young people in this region will continue to be predisposed to several sexual and reproductive health problems that would negatively shutter not only their dreams but also cripple the family well being and the nation’s development.","PeriodicalId":198822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116962428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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