Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/09731296231184537
Dong Yiming, Abdullah R Alzahrani, Abubucker Peer Mohideen
Background Asthma is a prominent non-communicable inflammatory disease that affects both children and the elderly. Younger people are more prone to asthma, and most prescribed anti-asthmatic medicines relieve symptoms but do not cure the condition completely. We investigated the ability of a phytochemical plumbagin to alleviate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods The allergic asthma-induced mice were treated with two different doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg bwt plumbagin, and to compare the efficacy of plumbagin, a standard drug dexamethasone treatment was given. OVA-specific IgE and eotaxin were quantified to determine the induction of asthma and the inhibitory role of plumbagin. Total leukocyte and differential count were done to assess the effect of plumbagin on inflammatory cells. Inflammatory cytokines inducing both atopic and non-atopic asthma were quantified to examine the efficacy of plumbagin against allergic and non-allergic-induced asthma. Nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase activity were measured to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of plumbagin. The antioxidant potency of plumbagin was assessed by quantifying the levels of antioxidants and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde. Lung weight index and histopathological analysis of lung tissue were done to confirm the ameliorative potency of plumbagin against OVA allergen-induced asthma. Results Plumbagin treatment significantly decreased the status of OVA-specific IgE and eotaxin, thereby prevented the eosinophilic infiltration. It also inhibited the synthesis of both atopic and non-atopic inducing inflammatory cytokines. Plumbagin treatment also increased the levels of antioxidants and prevented the lung tissue damage, which was evidenced with our histopathology study of lung tissue. Conclusion Overall, our finding confirms that plumbagin is persuasively alleviated OVA allergen-induced asthma complications in mice model and may be an alternative for currently available anti-asthmatic drugs.
{"title":"Plumbagin Attenuates Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Asthma in Mice through Inhibition of Inflammatory Response","authors":"Dong Yiming, Abdullah R Alzahrani, Abubucker Peer Mohideen","doi":"10.1177/09731296231184537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231184537","url":null,"abstract":"Background Asthma is a prominent non-communicable inflammatory disease that affects both children and the elderly. Younger people are more prone to asthma, and most prescribed anti-asthmatic medicines relieve symptoms but do not cure the condition completely. We investigated the ability of a phytochemical plumbagin to alleviate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods The allergic asthma-induced mice were treated with two different doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg bwt plumbagin, and to compare the efficacy of plumbagin, a standard drug dexamethasone treatment was given. OVA-specific IgE and eotaxin were quantified to determine the induction of asthma and the inhibitory role of plumbagin. Total leukocyte and differential count were done to assess the effect of plumbagin on inflammatory cells. Inflammatory cytokines inducing both atopic and non-atopic asthma were quantified to examine the efficacy of plumbagin against allergic and non-allergic-induced asthma. Nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase activity were measured to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of plumbagin. The antioxidant potency of plumbagin was assessed by quantifying the levels of antioxidants and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde. Lung weight index and histopathological analysis of lung tissue were done to confirm the ameliorative potency of plumbagin against OVA allergen-induced asthma. Results Plumbagin treatment significantly decreased the status of OVA-specific IgE and eotaxin, thereby prevented the eosinophilic infiltration. It also inhibited the synthesis of both atopic and non-atopic inducing inflammatory cytokines. Plumbagin treatment also increased the levels of antioxidants and prevented the lung tissue damage, which was evidenced with our histopathology study of lung tissue. Conclusion Overall, our finding confirms that plumbagin is persuasively alleviated OVA allergen-induced asthma complications in mice model and may be an alternative for currently available anti-asthmatic drugs.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"52 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is severely affecting the quality of people’s life. Rhapontigenin (RA) is a stilbene compound isolated from Rhubarb L., which has been reported to have an effect on cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamics and the mechanism of RA obtained from Rheum franzenbachii Munt. against NAFLD. RA was extracted from the roots of the Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) plant Rheum franzenbachii Munt. Materials and Methods RA was extracted by Sephadex-gel column and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV and HR-ESI-MS. The pharmacodynamic indexes of L-02 cells and mice treated with RA were determined by histological staining and ELISA, while the expression of autophagy-related proteins was analyzed by Western blot. Results The results in vivo showed that the liver structure of RA-treatment mice was normal, and the organ coefficient was significantly decreased. It also showed that RA could significantly reduce the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver as well as inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Interestingly, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could reverse the effect of RA on NAFLD, which further confirmed that RA plays an anti-NAFLD role through activating lipophagy. Conclusion It suggested that RA has an effect on NAFLD by down-regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), p-mTOR, and p-Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), then inhibiting Acetyl-CoA (A-CoA) production, and up-regulating the expression of autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) to promote the lipophagy of lipocytes.
{"title":"Rhapontigenin Improves Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inducing Lipophagy Through the ACOX1 and mTOR/ULK1 Pathways","authors":"Ying-Xiao Wang, Xin-Ge Ke, Chen Wang, Kang-Bo Peng, He-Zhen Wu, Yan-Fang Yang","doi":"10.1177/09731296231197299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231197299","url":null,"abstract":"Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is severely affecting the quality of people’s life. Rhapontigenin (RA) is a stilbene compound isolated from Rhubarb L., which has been reported to have an effect on cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamics and the mechanism of RA obtained from Rheum franzenbachii Munt. against NAFLD. RA was extracted from the roots of the Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) plant Rheum franzenbachii Munt. Materials and Methods RA was extracted by Sephadex-gel column and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV and HR-ESI-MS. The pharmacodynamic indexes of L-02 cells and mice treated with RA were determined by histological staining and ELISA, while the expression of autophagy-related proteins was analyzed by Western blot. Results The results in vivo showed that the liver structure of RA-treatment mice was normal, and the organ coefficient was significantly decreased. It also showed that RA could significantly reduce the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver as well as inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Interestingly, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could reverse the effect of RA on NAFLD, which further confirmed that RA plays an anti-NAFLD role through activating lipophagy. Conclusion It suggested that RA has an effect on NAFLD by down-regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), p-mTOR, and p-Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), then inhibiting Acetyl-CoA (A-CoA) production, and up-regulating the expression of autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) to promote the lipophagy of lipocytes.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"50 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Guggulutiktam Kashayam (GTK) is a water decoction used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases like skin diseases, ulcers, anemia, thyroid problems, stress, liver disease, and leucorrhoea. It is a polyherbal formulation prepared from specific parts of 28 medicinal plants. Objectives The study aimed at a comparative phytochemical evaluation of an important polyherbal formulation with its ingredient plants. Materials and Methods Chemical profiling of GTK has been carried out in comparison with its ingredient plants. Spectrophotometric estimation of major class compounds and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiling were done using a standardized protocol. Results The results of the study showed that the phytochemical contents of the finished formulation are different from those of the ingredient plants, which might be due to the numerous synergistic and antagonistic interactions of numerous chemical components extracted from different ingredient drugs. HPTLC-based comparative chromatograms showed the differences and similarities in certain compounds that are specific to some of the plant ingredients. Conclusion The study established the cumulative chemical interactions of various phytochemicals during the preparation of an important polyherbal formula used in Ayurveda.
{"title":"Comparative Chemical Profiling of a Polyherbal Formulation with Respect to its Ingredient Plants Using Spectrophotometric and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatographic Techniques","authors":"Cheruthazhakkat Sulaiman, Thankayathil Shafna, Geetha Raguthaman Advaya, Poovathusseri Raghava Varier Ramesh, Kamalakshan Pillai Mahesh, Mooriath Praveen, Erayur Mana Anandan, Indira Balachandran","doi":"10.1177/09731296231200365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231200365","url":null,"abstract":"Background Guggulutiktam Kashayam (GTK) is a water decoction used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases like skin diseases, ulcers, anemia, thyroid problems, stress, liver disease, and leucorrhoea. It is a polyherbal formulation prepared from specific parts of 28 medicinal plants. Objectives The study aimed at a comparative phytochemical evaluation of an important polyherbal formulation with its ingredient plants. Materials and Methods Chemical profiling of GTK has been carried out in comparison with its ingredient plants. Spectrophotometric estimation of major class compounds and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiling were done using a standardized protocol. Results The results of the study showed that the phytochemical contents of the finished formulation are different from those of the ingredient plants, which might be due to the numerous synergistic and antagonistic interactions of numerous chemical components extracted from different ingredient drugs. HPTLC-based comparative chromatograms showed the differences and similarities in certain compounds that are specific to some of the plant ingredients. Conclusion The study established the cumulative chemical interactions of various phytochemicals during the preparation of an important polyherbal formula used in Ayurveda.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"68 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1177/09731296231198608
Di Cao, Zhengjiao Wang, Xiuting Shen, Xiaojun Song, Zhongxiang Zhao
Background Ilexsaponin A 1 (IA 1 ) is a bioactive triterpene saponin derived from natural medicinal plants. IA 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities and improves intestinal barrier function. It has been reported that IA 1 could be metabolized into a dominant metabolite, ilexgenin A (IA) by β-glucosidase enzymes in intestinal microflora. Materials and Methods Herein, an accurate, sensitive, and selective method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was established to simultaneously profile the metabolism and pharmacokinetic behaviors of IA 1 in normal and antibiotic-treated rat plasma after intragastric administration of IA 1 . The precursor-to-product ion pairs of IA and IA 1 were m/ z 501.32↓439.32 and m/ z 663.38↓501.32, respectively. For method validation, the specificity, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and stability of the pharmacokinetic study were measured, and a calibration curve was created. The collaborative pharmacological target pathways of IA 1 and its metabolite IA were investigated using network pharmacology tools. Results The validated analytical method was successfully utilized to investigate the pharmacokinetics of IA 1 in normal and antibiotic-treated rats. The bioavailability of IA 1 and conversion from IA 1 to IA were significantly inhibited by antibiotic-treated rats after oral administration of IA 1 . Fragment ions at m/z 483.3155, 455.3159, 439.3233, 421.3136, 395.3362, 152.9952, 113.0256, and 71.0531 were characteristic of the IA 1 moiety. IA 1 was metabolized in rat plasma by biotransformation routes involving deglycosylation, decarboxylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and oxidation. Considering database analysis, IA and IA 1 play synergistic role in common pharmacological pathways, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion The experiments illustrated that β-glucosidase activity inhibited by antibiotics suppressed the hydrolysis reaction of IA 1 in the intestinal tract. IA 1 and IA play a synergistic role in exerting effects.
Ilexsaponin a1 (ia1)是从天然药用植物中提取的具有生物活性的三萜皂苷。IA 1具有抗炎和促血管生成活性，改善肠道屏障功能。据报道，肠道菌群中的β-葡萄糖苷酶可将ia1代谢为优势代谢物ilexgenin a (IA)。材料与方法本研究建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用的准确、灵敏、选择性的方法，用于同时测定正常和抗生素治疗大鼠灌胃IA 1后血浆中IA 1的代谢和药代动力学行为。IA和IA 1的前驱物-产物离子对分别为m/ z 501.32↓439.32和m/ z 663.38↓501.32。为验证方法，测定了药代动力学研究的特异性、基质效应、准确度、精密度和稳定性，并建立了校准曲线。利用网络药理学工具研究了IA 1及其代谢物IA的协同药理靶点通路。结果本方法可用于正常大鼠和抗生素治疗大鼠体内IA - 1的药动学研究。经抗生素处理的大鼠口服IA 1后，IA 1的生物利用度和IA 1向IA的转化明显受到抑制。在m/z 483.3155、455.3159、439.3233、421.3136、395.3362、152.9952、113.0256和71.0531处的碎片离子是IA 1片段的特征离子。IA 1在大鼠血浆中通过生物转化途径代谢，包括去糖基化、脱羧化、异构化、氢化、脱氢和氧化。结合数据库分析，IA和IA 1在肥厚型心肌病、扩张型心肌病等常见药理通路中发挥协同作用。结论抗生素抑制β-葡萄糖苷酶活性可抑制肠道IA 1的水解反应。IA 1与IA协同发挥作用。
{"title":"Metabolic and Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Ilexsaponin A<sub>1</sub> in Normal and Antibiotic-treated Rats","authors":"Di Cao, Zhengjiao Wang, Xiuting Shen, Xiaojun Song, Zhongxiang Zhao","doi":"10.1177/09731296231198608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231198608","url":null,"abstract":"Background Ilexsaponin A 1 (IA 1 ) is a bioactive triterpene saponin derived from natural medicinal plants. IA 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities and improves intestinal barrier function. It has been reported that IA 1 could be metabolized into a dominant metabolite, ilexgenin A (IA) by β-glucosidase enzymes in intestinal microflora. Materials and Methods Herein, an accurate, sensitive, and selective method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was established to simultaneously profile the metabolism and pharmacokinetic behaviors of IA 1 in normal and antibiotic-treated rat plasma after intragastric administration of IA 1 . The precursor-to-product ion pairs of IA and IA 1 were m/ z 501.32↓439.32 and m/ z 663.38↓501.32, respectively. For method validation, the specificity, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and stability of the pharmacokinetic study were measured, and a calibration curve was created. The collaborative pharmacological target pathways of IA 1 and its metabolite IA were investigated using network pharmacology tools. Results The validated analytical method was successfully utilized to investigate the pharmacokinetics of IA 1 in normal and antibiotic-treated rats. The bioavailability of IA 1 and conversion from IA 1 to IA were significantly inhibited by antibiotic-treated rats after oral administration of IA 1 . Fragment ions at m/z 483.3155, 455.3159, 439.3233, 421.3136, 395.3362, 152.9952, 113.0256, and 71.0531 were characteristic of the IA 1 moiety. IA 1 was metabolized in rat plasma by biotransformation routes involving deglycosylation, decarboxylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and oxidation. Considering database analysis, IA and IA 1 play synergistic role in common pharmacological pathways, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion The experiments illustrated that β-glucosidase activity inhibited by antibiotics suppressed the hydrolysis reaction of IA 1 in the intestinal tract. IA 1 and IA play a synergistic role in exerting effects.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"137 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a coumarin compound that can be extracted from the medicinal plant with anti-cancer properties, Smilax china L. In recent years, studies have revealed its potential as an anti-tumor and anti-metastasis drug with promising effects in cancer treatment. Despite an increase in research on the metabolic patterns of tumor cells, no prior research has suggested that 4-MU inhibits tumor proliferation by blocking glycolysis. This thesis presents evidence that 4-MU binds to proteins involved in glycolysis, thus mediating its anti-tumor effects. Materials and Methods Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular docking were utilized to forecast the potential targets and probable pathways of 4-MU’s anti-cancer activity, and the affinity of 4-MU towards potential targets was discovered using microscale thermophoresis (MST) detection. Results The results of transcriptome analysis brought to light that the genes with differential expressions were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis-related proteins. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, our study identified Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1 (Hsp90AA1), mitochondria, phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) as potential targets of 4-MU. The strong binding affinity between 4-MU and these proteins was confirmed by the MST assay. Conclusion The findings indicate that 4-MU can hinder glycolysis by binding to glycolysis-associated proteins such as Hsp90AA1, PGK2, GPD2, and GPI. This results in the prevention of the energy supply to the tumor tissue, which ultimately curbs tumor growth, thereby demonstrating its anti-tumor properties. These results conclude that 4-MU has the capacity to be a novel glycolysis inhibitor for cancer treatment. Moreover, the identification of these glycolysis-associated proteins as possible targets for cancer therapy offers new avenues for research in the field of cancer treatment, thus providing further valuable evidence for the anti-cancer mechanism of 4-MU.
{"title":"A Novel Tumor Glycolysis Inhibitor: 4-Methylumbelliferone","authors":"Zi-Yao Li, Qin Yang, Xiao-Ge Cheng, Yan-Li Zhou, Xiang-Ling Piao, Li Qiu, Bo-Jun Zhou, Song-Tao Wu","doi":"10.1177/09731296231206300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231206300","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a coumarin compound that can be extracted from the medicinal plant with anti-cancer properties, Smilax china L. In recent years, studies have revealed its potential as an anti-tumor and anti-metastasis drug with promising effects in cancer treatment. Despite an increase in research on the metabolic patterns of tumor cells, no prior research has suggested that 4-MU inhibits tumor proliferation by blocking glycolysis. This thesis presents evidence that 4-MU binds to proteins involved in glycolysis, thus mediating its anti-tumor effects. Materials and Methods Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular docking were utilized to forecast the potential targets and probable pathways of 4-MU’s anti-cancer activity, and the affinity of 4-MU towards potential targets was discovered using microscale thermophoresis (MST) detection. Results The results of transcriptome analysis brought to light that the genes with differential expressions were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis-related proteins. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, our study identified Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1 (Hsp90AA1), mitochondria, phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) as potential targets of 4-MU. The strong binding affinity between 4-MU and these proteins was confirmed by the MST assay. Conclusion The findings indicate that 4-MU can hinder glycolysis by binding to glycolysis-associated proteins such as Hsp90AA1, PGK2, GPD2, and GPI. This results in the prevention of the energy supply to the tumor tissue, which ultimately curbs tumor growth, thereby demonstrating its anti-tumor properties. These results conclude that 4-MU has the capacity to be a novel glycolysis inhibitor for cancer treatment. Moreover, the identification of these glycolysis-associated proteins as possible targets for cancer therapy offers new avenues for research in the field of cancer treatment, thus providing further valuable evidence for the anti-cancer mechanism of 4-MU.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"213 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Finding new effective substances to develop drugs against cancer or to prevent it remains a big challenge facing scientists and clinicians. Objectives In such an issue, we tested the anti-tumoral effect of Scorzonera undulata extracts on MCF7 cells. Materials and Methods Methanolic extracts of S. undulata roots (RSU) and aerial parts (ASU) from the Ha’il region were analyzed by HPLC. Their DPPH scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant potentials were evaluated. The MTT test was used to determine their cytotoxic effects on MCF7 cells using different concentrations, and their potential to induce apoptosis was determined by measuring the mitochondrial transmembrane loss of potential by flow cytometry using the JC-1 fluorescent marker. Results S. undulata was found to be rich in flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. ASU contains great amounts of apigenin and gallic acid, whereas RSU contains luteolin and chlorogenic acid as major components. The potential to scavenge DPPH and the total antioxidant activity of ASU were twofold greater than those of RSU. MCF7 cell viability was reduced by 50% at concentrations of 4.22 ± 0.06 and 5.89 ± 0.08 mg.mL −1 , respectively, for ASU and RSU at 24 h. In addition, S. undulata extracts induced MCF7 cells’ death through cell lysis and apoptosis. Conclusion As an edible vegetable, S. undulata is worth further exploration in alternative and complementary medication as it possesses significant antioxidant and anticancer potentials.
{"title":"Phytochemical Composition, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of <i>Scorzonera undulata</i> Methanolic Extracts: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Apoptotic Effects on MCF7 Cells","authors":"Imen Bédoui, Hmed Ben Nasr, Kamilia Ksouda, Wajdi Ayadi, Nour Louati, Mohamed Chamkha, Sirine Choura, Jalel Gargouri, Serria Hammami, Hanen Affes, Walid S. Hamadou, Nourhene Zammel, Subuhi Sherwani, Khaled Zeghal, Riadh Badraoui","doi":"10.1177/09731296231207231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231207231","url":null,"abstract":"Background Finding new effective substances to develop drugs against cancer or to prevent it remains a big challenge facing scientists and clinicians. Objectives In such an issue, we tested the anti-tumoral effect of Scorzonera undulata extracts on MCF7 cells. Materials and Methods Methanolic extracts of S. undulata roots (RSU) and aerial parts (ASU) from the Ha’il region were analyzed by HPLC. Their DPPH scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant potentials were evaluated. The MTT test was used to determine their cytotoxic effects on MCF7 cells using different concentrations, and their potential to induce apoptosis was determined by measuring the mitochondrial transmembrane loss of potential by flow cytometry using the JC-1 fluorescent marker. Results S. undulata was found to be rich in flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. ASU contains great amounts of apigenin and gallic acid, whereas RSU contains luteolin and chlorogenic acid as major components. The potential to scavenge DPPH and the total antioxidant activity of ASU were twofold greater than those of RSU. MCF7 cell viability was reduced by 50% at concentrations of 4.22 ± 0.06 and 5.89 ± 0.08 mg.mL −1 , respectively, for ASU and RSU at 24 h. In addition, S. undulata extracts induced MCF7 cells’ death through cell lysis and apoptosis. Conclusion As an edible vegetable, S. undulata is worth further exploration in alternative and complementary medication as it possesses significant antioxidant and anticancer potentials.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1177/09731296231207226
Farah Syahibah Mohd Hariri, Asmah Hamid, Nor Fadilah Rajab
Background Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (lempoyang) has a traditional application in the treatment of indigestion, worm infestation, loss of appetite, and postpartum conditions. Objectives Extracts of Z. zerumbet (methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) were utilized to investigate the mutagenic, anti-mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Materials and Methods Initially, a mutagenicity test (Ames test) was conducted, followed by an anti-mutagenicity test, to assess the potential of Z. zerumbet extracts in inhibiting mutagenicity induced by sodium azide and 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic ability of the extracts was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results The mutagenicity assessment revealed that the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited a twofold increase in the number of revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537. Similar results were observed for the hexane extract, except at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL, where no significant increase in revertants was observed. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated a twofold increase in revertants in S. typhimurium strain TA 1535. Notably, the ethyl acetate extract displayed remarkable anti-mutagenic activity against 9-aminoacridine, while the hexane extract exhibited strong anti-mutagenic activity against sodium azide. Regarding cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay, the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC 50 value estimated at 388.50 ± 135.75 µg/mL. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed IC 50 values of 514.17 ± 135.75 and 589.67 ± 241.67 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The extracts displayed both mutagenic and cytotoxic activities. However, they also exhibited promising anti-mutagenic potential, which could be harnessed for cancer prevention purposes.
{"title":"Mutagenic, Anti-mutagenic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol, Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i> (L.) Smith","authors":"Farah Syahibah Mohd Hariri, Asmah Hamid, Nor Fadilah Rajab","doi":"10.1177/09731296231207226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231207226","url":null,"abstract":"Background Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (lempoyang) has a traditional application in the treatment of indigestion, worm infestation, loss of appetite, and postpartum conditions. Objectives Extracts of Z. zerumbet (methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) were utilized to investigate the mutagenic, anti-mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Materials and Methods Initially, a mutagenicity test (Ames test) was conducted, followed by an anti-mutagenicity test, to assess the potential of Z. zerumbet extracts in inhibiting mutagenicity induced by sodium azide and 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic ability of the extracts was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results The mutagenicity assessment revealed that the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited a twofold increase in the number of revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537. Similar results were observed for the hexane extract, except at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL, where no significant increase in revertants was observed. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated a twofold increase in revertants in S. typhimurium strain TA 1535. Notably, the ethyl acetate extract displayed remarkable anti-mutagenic activity against 9-aminoacridine, while the hexane extract exhibited strong anti-mutagenic activity against sodium azide. Regarding cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay, the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC 50 value estimated at 388.50 ± 135.75 µg/mL. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed IC 50 values of 514.17 ± 135.75 and 589.67 ± 241.67 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The extracts displayed both mutagenic and cytotoxic activities. However, they also exhibited promising anti-mutagenic potential, which could be harnessed for cancer prevention purposes.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"45 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1177/09731296231203458
Xiaohui Chen, Panpan Liu, Yanni Mao, Guiqin Wang
Matrine possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities as one of the primary components of Chinese herbal medicine Sophora flavescens extract, along with fewer side effects and low toxicity. Matrine possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-virus, antibiosis, and anti-oxidative properties and protects the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, immunosuppression, intestinal flora balance regulation, and broad-spectrum insecticidal activities. We reviewed the recent progress in matrine research in terms of the pharmacological activities and associated mechanisms to provide a reference for the wide and safe application of matrine.
{"title":"Research Advancements in Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Matrine","authors":"Xiaohui Chen, Panpan Liu, Yanni Mao, Guiqin Wang","doi":"10.1177/09731296231203458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231203458","url":null,"abstract":"Matrine possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities as one of the primary components of Chinese herbal medicine Sophora flavescens extract, along with fewer side effects and low toxicity. Matrine possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-virus, antibiosis, and anti-oxidative properties and protects the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, immunosuppression, intestinal flora balance regulation, and broad-spectrum insecticidal activities. We reviewed the recent progress in matrine research in terms of the pharmacological activities and associated mechanisms to provide a reference for the wide and safe application of matrine.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background In India, cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women. Nowadays, various traditional herbal formulations can be used as adjuncts during conventional cancer therapies due to their anticancer activity. Habbe Musaffi Khoon (HMK), a Unani compound formulation, is traditionally used as a blood purifier and thus used to treat boils, scabies, acne, and pimples. It is also indicated in skin diseases, Habis-ud-Dam (styptic), and therapeutically used in Nafz-ud-Dam (hemorrhagic). Objectives The main purpose of this work was to phytochemically characterize HMK aqueous extract (HMKaq) and determine its activity against cervical cancer cells. Materials and Methods HMKaq was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluated for the presence of phytocompounds. HMKaq was evaluated for its effect on the viability of cervical cancer cells (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) and was determined by MTT assay. Trypan blue dye exclusion was used to determine the outcome of HMKaq on the growth kinetics of cervical cancer cells. The role of HMK in regulating the cell cycle was analyzed by FACS and its effect on apoptosis was evaluated by checking mitochondrial membrane potential readings of JC-1 aggregates on a microplate reader and on the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c was evaluated by PCR. Results LC-MS analysis revealed 3845 compounds, out of which 58 were the major compounds. These included phenolics, esters, fatty acids, furans, quinones, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenes. HMKaq reduced the viability and growth of the cells. It induced arrest in the cell cycle of HeLa and apoptosis in SiHa and C33A by depolarizing the membrane potential of the mitochondria and upregulation of mRNA expression of Cas3 and Cyt C. Conclusion HMK exhibited anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells, thereby signifying its therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling and Assessment of <i>Habbe Musaffe Khoon</i> Against Cervical Cancer","authors":"Nidhi Sharma, Prerna Raina, Ghazalla Mulla, Anand Shindikar, Prajakta Patil, Supriya Bhalerao, Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar","doi":"10.1177/09731296231204132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231204132","url":null,"abstract":"Background In India, cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women. Nowadays, various traditional herbal formulations can be used as adjuncts during conventional cancer therapies due to their anticancer activity. Habbe Musaffi Khoon (HMK), a Unani compound formulation, is traditionally used as a blood purifier and thus used to treat boils, scabies, acne, and pimples. It is also indicated in skin diseases, Habis-ud-Dam (styptic), and therapeutically used in Nafz-ud-Dam (hemorrhagic). Objectives The main purpose of this work was to phytochemically characterize HMK aqueous extract (HMKaq) and determine its activity against cervical cancer cells. Materials and Methods HMKaq was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluated for the presence of phytocompounds. HMKaq was evaluated for its effect on the viability of cervical cancer cells (HeLa, SiHa, and C33A) and was determined by MTT assay. Trypan blue dye exclusion was used to determine the outcome of HMKaq on the growth kinetics of cervical cancer cells. The role of HMK in regulating the cell cycle was analyzed by FACS and its effect on apoptosis was evaluated by checking mitochondrial membrane potential readings of JC-1 aggregates on a microplate reader and on the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c was evaluated by PCR. Results LC-MS analysis revealed 3845 compounds, out of which 58 were the major compounds. These included phenolics, esters, fatty acids, furans, quinones, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenes. HMKaq reduced the viability and growth of the cells. It induced arrest in the cell cycle of HeLa and apoptosis in SiHa and C33A by depolarizing the membrane potential of the mitochondria and upregulation of mRNA expression of Cas3 and Cyt C. Conclusion HMK exhibited anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells, thereby signifying its therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1177/09731296231203809
Jinwen Li
Objectives This study investigated the effects of BP and doxorubicin (DOX) on 4T1 tumor cells in a mouse model. Materials and Methods After inducing breast tumors, 70 4T1-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups ( n = 10/group). The groups were treated with DOX and BP for 35 days. On the 36th day, blood was taken from the heart, and serum was separated to measure levels of cytokines, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and nitric oxide. Antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as tissue ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were evaluated. The expression of apoptotic genes and metastasis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of apoptotic proteins was evaluated using Western blotting. Finally, Ki-67 and p-53 were examined using immunohistochemistry to determine apoptosis. Results The study found that BP, with its synergistic effects with DOX, reduced the volume of tumors and increased the expression of apoptotic genes and proteins. In a dose-dependent manner, groups receiving BP and DOX with their synergistic effects reduced the level of estrogen and nitric oxide and also reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. BP along with DOX increased serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Tumor tissue FRAP and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in BP-treated groups. Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proliferation markers levels decreased, and p53 levels increased in 4T1-breast tumors. Conclusion The study concluded that BP with its synergistic effects along with DOX has the ability to suppress the growth of tumors and can also inhibit the oxidative damage of DOX.
{"title":"Bee Pollen and Doxorubicin by Synergistic Effects Inhibit the Proliferation of Breast Tumors in 4T1 Tumor-bearing BALB/c Mice: A Biochemical, Immunohistochemical,and Molecular Approach","authors":"Jinwen Li","doi":"10.1177/09731296231203809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296231203809","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study investigated the effects of BP and doxorubicin (DOX) on 4T1 tumor cells in a mouse model. Materials and Methods After inducing breast tumors, 70 4T1-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups ( n = 10/group). The groups were treated with DOX and BP for 35 days. On the 36th day, blood was taken from the heart, and serum was separated to measure levels of cytokines, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and nitric oxide. Antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as tissue ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were evaluated. The expression of apoptotic genes and metastasis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of apoptotic proteins was evaluated using Western blotting. Finally, Ki-67 and p-53 were examined using immunohistochemistry to determine apoptosis. Results The study found that BP, with its synergistic effects with DOX, reduced the volume of tumors and increased the expression of apoptotic genes and proteins. In a dose-dependent manner, groups receiving BP and DOX with their synergistic effects reduced the level of estrogen and nitric oxide and also reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. BP along with DOX increased serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Tumor tissue FRAP and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in BP-treated groups. Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proliferation markers levels decreased, and p53 levels increased in 4T1-breast tumors. Conclusion The study concluded that BP with its synergistic effects along with DOX has the ability to suppress the growth of tumors and can also inhibit the oxidative damage of DOX.","PeriodicalId":19895,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136382228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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