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New insights into the mechanisms of childhood food allergies.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70069
Liam Gubbels, Richard Saffery, Melanie R Neeland

IgE-mediated food allergies are common and can be life-threatening, especially for children. With increasingly rapid advances in immunological technologies, including the ability to profile highly complex immune features from small sample volumes, our understanding of the immune mechanisms that underpin the development of food allergies continues to grow. This also extends to the immune mechanisms associated with the outcomes of oral immunotherapy (OIT). This review focuses on studies within the past 5 years related to immune signatures associated with food allergy in childhood, immune responses that determine reaction severities to offending allergens, immune alterations that occur during OIT in children, and immune effects of adjunct therapies including omalizumab, dupilumab, and abrocitinib. We conclude by providing a perspective on current evidence and directions for future research that will enable new prediction and screening tools and facilitate the development of effective curative strategies.

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引用次数: 0
Reply to Dr. Yingli Lin et al.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70070
Xiaolan Zhang, Yujie Han, Qiaohuan Tian, Linjun Du, Lifang Chen, Yue Zhang, Xuening Guo, Xiaoying Li
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引用次数: 0
Emulsion containing a chitosan derivative in children with mild atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70076
Nagatoshi Sagara, Kenichi Akashi, Miori Sato, Mizuho Nagao, Toshio Katsunuma

Background: Recently, partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan (PMCMC) was developed in Japan. To compare the efficacy and safety of PMCMC-containing emulsion and petrolatum, we conducted a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Eligible patients were children aged 1-<6 years who had mild atopic dermatitis (with Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI] ≤7.0). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PMCMC-containing emulsion or petrolatum. Study treatments were applied to the body twice daily for 8 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were the changes in EASI and total score of Quality of life in Primary Caregivers of children with Atopic Dermatitis (QP-CAD) from baseline to the end of the treatment.

Results: Between February 2020 and August 2022, 80 participants (39, emulsion group; 41, petrolatum group) were enrolled and included in the analysis. The decrease in EASI at the end of the treatment was greater in the emulsion group than in the petrolatum group with the LS mean (SE) change of -0.74 (0.31) in the emulsion group and 0.29 (0.31) in the petrolatum group (difference -1.02, 95% CI -1.90 to -0.15; p = .022). The decrease in total QP-CAD was also greater in the emulsion group than in the petrolatum group with the LS mean (SE) change of -1.63 (1.08) and 1.55 (1.01), respectively (difference -3.18, 95% CI -6.13 to -0.22; p = .035). All adverse events in the emulsion group were mild.

Conclusion: PMCMC-containing emulsion significantly improved disease severity of children and quality of life of caregivers compared with petrolatum.

Trial registration: https://jrct.mhlw.go.jp/-number: jRCTs031190201.

背景:最近,日本开发出了部分肉豆蔻酰化羧甲基壳聚糖(PMCMC)。为了比较含 PMCMC 的乳液和凡士林的疗效和安全性,我们进行了一项随机对照试验:方法:符合条件的患者为 1 岁儿童:结果:2020 年 2 月至 2022 年 8 月期间,80 名参与者(乳液组 39 人;凡士林组 41 人)被纳入分析。治疗结束时,乳液组的EASI下降幅度大于凡士林组,乳液组的LS平均值(SE)变化为-0.74(0.31),凡士林组为0.29(0.31)(差异为-1.02,95% CI为-1.90至-0.15;P = .022)。乳液组总QP-CAD的下降幅度也大于凡士林组,LS平均值(SE)分别为-1.63(1.08)和1.55(1.01)(差异-3.18,95% CI -6.13至-0.22;p = .035)。乳剂组的所有不良反应均为轻微:结论:与凡士林相比,含PMCMC的乳液能明显改善儿童的疾病严重程度和护理人员的生活质量。试验注册:https://jrct.mhlw.go.jp/-number:jRCTs031190201。
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引用次数: 0
Allergic rhinitis: Incidence and remission from childhood to young adulthood-A prospective study.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70078
Styliana Vasileiadou, Emma Goksör, Göran Wennergren, Eva Rönmark, Linnea Hedman

Background: Longitudinal studies on allergic rhinitis (AR) incidence and remission from childhood to adulthood are limited. This study aimed to estimate AR incidence and remission from age 8 to 19 years and to identify related risk factors.

Methods: In 2006, all children in grades 1 and 2 (median age 8 years) in three municipalities in Northern Sweden were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. The children in two of the municipalities underwent a skin prick test (SPT) for airborne allergens. The protocol was repeated at age 19 years. In total, 2250 participants (91% participation rate) completed the questionnaire, and 1338 underwent SPTs at 8 and 19 years of age.

Results: From age 8 to 19 years, the cumulative incidence of AR was 33.6%, significantly higher among girls than boys (37.4% vs. 29.8%, p < .001). Factors that independently increased the risk of developing AR were sensitisation by age 8 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68-5.23), sensitisation between 8 and 19 years (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.82-3.63), and female sex (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.30-2.26). The remission rate was 40.0%, with boys experiencing significantly higher remission than girls (45.4% vs. 32.2%, p = .015). The probability of remission was decreased by sensitisation before (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.53) and after age 8 years (aOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.77).

Conclusion: This study found a high incidence of AR between age 8 and 19 years, especially among girls, while boys had a higher remission rate. Sensitisation increased the risk of developing AR and decreased the remission rate.

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引用次数: 0
Managing egg allergy: A systematic review of traditional allergen avoidance methods and emerging graded exposure strategies.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70075
Aoife Gallagher, Pamen Delgado Mainar, Caoimhe Cronin, Cristina Muñoz, Jesús Rodrigues Calleja, Conor Loughnane, Juan Trujillo

Egg allergy represents a significant and growing health concern, particularly among young children. Consequently, there has been a surge in the development of management strategies to address this issue. While oral immunotherapy presents a promising novel approach, its resource-intensive nature renders it impractical in many countries. This review aims to contrast the traditional method of strict avoidance with emerging, cost-effective alternatives for managing egg allergy at home, such as the gradual introduction via a ladder approach. Studies were identified through the search of medical databases and gray literature, with a focus on studies spanning from 2003 to 2023. Studies were independently screened and appraised by two independent reviewers. One hundred and thirty-four articles were identified. After removing duplicates and screening, 49 underwent full-text review, resulting in 28 included articles. These encompassed various study designs and originated from multiple countries, primarily the USA, Australia and Canada. The interventions mainly focused on managing IgE-mediated egg allergy through graded exposure to denatured/baked egg (n = 20), with an additional six studies exploring allergen avoidance and two studies investigating both management methods. A key observation from this review is the shift in management strategies towards incorporating methods such as graded exposure to denatured/baked egg alongside traditional allergen avoidance methods. Allergen avoidance remains the cornerstone of egg allergy management. However, there is a need for complementary approaches to optimise outcomes for individuals with egg allergy. Factors such as quality of life, including social inclusion and dietary diversity, as well as economic implications are crucial considerations.

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引用次数: 0
The Naples pediatric food allergy (NAPFA) score: A multivariable model for the prediction of food allergy in children.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70071
Laura Carucci, Lorenza Biancardi, Rita Nocerino, Letizia Ciliberti, Erika Caldaria, Giorgio Bedogni, Francesco Palmese, Francesco Calabrò, Roberto Berni Canani

Background: Food allergy (FA) is one of the most common chronic conditions in children. Diagnostic delays and errors in FA are relevant problems in clinical practice. Non-invasive and accessible tools for FA diagnosis are highly required. We aimed to develop an easy-to-use clinical score to facilitate the diagnostic approach for pediatric FA (i.e. the NAPFA score).

Methods: Subjects with suspected FA aged 0-14 years were prospectively evaluated at a tertiary center for pediatric allergy, gastroenterology, and nutrition. Upon completing the diagnostic workup, the subjects were diagnosed with FA based on the oral food challenge result, or with other conditions. Bootstrapped multivariable logistic regression was employed to construct two models that estimate the probability of having FA, one (M1) without the results of the allergy screening tests, while the other (M2) including them.

Results: Six hundred and twenty-seven pediatric subjects were included in the study. The median (interquartile interval) age at symptom onset was 8 (3;27) months. M1 employed the following predictors: sex, age at symptoms onset, cesarean delivery, occurrence of atopic dermatitis before FA onset, first degree family members with allergy, symptoms occurrence after ingestion of specific food, and skin, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and systemic symptoms. M2 replaced the occurrence of symptoms after ingestion of specific food with the results of allergy tests. The c-statistic was 0.915 (95% bootstrapped CI: 0.895-0.937) for M1 and 0.977 (95% CI: 0.969-0.992) for M2. Both models demonstrated good internal calibration and a favorable decision analysis curve.

Conclusion: The NAPFA score could be an easy-to-use tool holding the potential to streamline the FA diagnostic process in pediatric age, reducing unnecessary testing, and improving patient outcomes in a variety of healthcare settings. Its external validation will possibly enable a standardized approach for identifying children with FA.

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引用次数: 0
Pediatric perioperative hypersensitivity in Denmark: A 20 year retrospective analysis.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70079
Cecilie N Madsen, Birgitte Bech Melchiors, Holger Mosbech, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen, Lene H Garvey

Background: Perioperative hypersensitivity (POH) is rare but potentially life-threatening, and data on POH in children are sparse. This single-center study aimed to describe clinical presentations and allergy investigations in children with suspected POH in Denmark, and to evaluate a risk stratification algorithm used for suspected POH (elevated tryptase, 2 or more organ systems involved and urticaria/angioedema).

Methods: Retrospective data from 70 children who had undergone allergy investigations at the specialized Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre were included. Children were divided into a test positive and test negative group based on results from allergy investigations, and the groups were compared. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the risk stratification algorithm for suspected POH and for different combinations of symptoms.

Results: 24% of the children tested positive. The most confirmed allergen was chlorhexidine (n = 3), followed by NMBAs (n = 2) and antibiotics (n = 2). Skin symptoms were most common (94%), and cardiovascular symptoms (CVS) appeared as the first symptom in 50% of the test positive children. CVS were more common in the test positive group. The risk stratification algorithm had a high sensitivity (88%) but a higher sensitivity (94%) was seen in the combination "elevated tryptase or CVS or urticaria/angioedema".

Conclusion: Several different allergens were confirmed in this study, including hidden allergens like chlorhexidine. This emphasizes the need to identify all potential allergens and the need for investigation at a specialized allergy center. More data are needed to make recommendations on the optimal risk stratification algorithm in children with suspected POH.

背景:围手术期过敏症(POH)非常罕见,但可能危及生命,有关儿童 POH 的数据非常稀少。这项单中心研究旨在描述丹麦疑似 POH 儿童的临床表现和过敏检查情况,并评估用于疑似 POH 的风险分层算法(胰蛋白酶升高、累及 2 个或 2 个以上器官系统和荨麻疹/水肿):方法:纳入在丹麦麻醉过敏专业中心接受过敏检查的 70 名儿童的回顾性数据。根据过敏检查结果,将儿童分为试验阳性组和试验阴性组,并对两组进行比较。针对疑似 POH 的风险分层算法和不同的症状组合计算了敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。最确诊的过敏原是洗必泰(3 例),其次是 NMBAs(2 例)和抗生素(2 例)。皮肤症状最常见(94%),心血管症状(CVS)是 50%检测呈阳性儿童的首发症状。心血管症状在检测呈阳性组中更为常见。风险分层算法的灵敏度很高(88%),但 "胰蛋白酶升高或 CVS 或荨麻疹/血管性水肿 "组合的灵敏度更高(94%):结论:本研究确认了几种不同的过敏原,包括洗必泰等隐性过敏原。这强调了识别所有潜在过敏原的必要性,以及在专业过敏中心进行调查的必要性。我们还需要更多的数据,才能就疑似 POH 儿童的最佳风险分层算法提出建议。
{"title":"Pediatric perioperative hypersensitivity in Denmark: A 20 year retrospective analysis.","authors":"Cecilie N Madsen, Birgitte Bech Melchiors, Holger Mosbech, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen, Lene H Garvey","doi":"10.1111/pai.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perioperative hypersensitivity (POH) is rare but potentially life-threatening, and data on POH in children are sparse. This single-center study aimed to describe clinical presentations and allergy investigations in children with suspected POH in Denmark, and to evaluate a risk stratification algorithm used for suspected POH (elevated tryptase, 2 or more organ systems involved and urticaria/angioedema).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data from 70 children who had undergone allergy investigations at the specialized Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre were included. Children were divided into a test positive and test negative group based on results from allergy investigations, and the groups were compared. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the risk stratification algorithm for suspected POH and for different combinations of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24% of the children tested positive. The most confirmed allergen was chlorhexidine (n = 3), followed by NMBAs (n = 2) and antibiotics (n = 2). Skin symptoms were most common (94%), and cardiovascular symptoms (CVS) appeared as the first symptom in 50% of the test positive children. CVS were more common in the test positive group. The risk stratification algorithm had a high sensitivity (88%) but a higher sensitivity (94%) was seen in the combination \"elevated tryptase or CVS or urticaria/angioedema\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several different allergens were confirmed in this study, including hidden allergens like chlorhexidine. This emphasizes the need to identify all potential allergens and the need for investigation at a specialized allergy center. More data are needed to make recommendations on the optimal risk stratification algorithm in children with suspected POH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19929,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bedding materials and early infant wheezing: A randomised controlled trial.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70073
Caroline Halley, Janice Kang, Phillipa Barnes, Michael Keall, Robert Siebers, Cheryl Davies, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Julian Crane

Background: Various observational studies have suggested that infants and young children who regularly sleep in synthetic bedding materials are more likely to experience wheezing and asthma, while children who use feather duvets and/or feather pillows are less likely to wheeze.

Methods: In Wellington, New Zealand, we conducted a three-armed, parallel, randomised trial of 460 infants who were assigned to use different bedding materials: synthetic, wool or feather bedding in the form of sleepsacks from 3 months of age to 2 years of age to test the hypothesis that children exposed to feather materials are less likely to develop wheezing. Pregnant women were recruited before birth. Parents were unaware of the primary research hypothesis and were told this was a study of child warmth and wheezing. We have reported wheezing (parental and GP), a variety of respiratory health parameters and atopic status at 2 years.

Results: One hundred and forty-seven infants received a synthetic sleepsack, 150 wool and 144 feather. We have found no significant differences in reported or doctor-diagnosed wheezing or other respiratory health measures by bedding material used. For frequency of wheezing presentation at GP surgery, there was a significant increased rate for children using feather materials compared to synthetic, relative rate 2.00 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.52).

Conclusion: This study does not support earlier observational studies that suggest higher rates of wheezing for children using synthetic bedding or lower rates for feather materials, at least for early childhood wheezing. Our study suggests that the explanation for the observational study findings may lie in selection bias, where the parents of at-risk children avoid feather bedding materials.

背景:多项观察性研究表明,经常使用合成纤维寝具的婴幼儿更容易出现喘息和哮喘,而使用羽毛被和/或羽毛枕头的婴幼儿则较少出现喘息:在新西兰惠灵顿,我们对 460 名婴儿进行了一项三臂、平行、随机试验,分配他们在 3 个月到 2 岁期间使用不同的寝具材料:合成纤维、羊毛或羽毛睡袋,以验证接触羽毛材料的儿童患喘息的可能性较低这一假设。孕妇在出生前被招募。家长并不知道主要的研究假设,并被告知这是一项关于儿童保暖和喘息的研究。我们报告了喘息(父母和 GP)、各种呼吸系统健康参数和 2 岁时的特应性状态:结果:147 名婴儿使用了合成纤维睡袋,150 名婴儿使用了羊毛睡袋,144 名婴儿使用了羽毛睡袋。我们发现,所使用的寝具材料在报告或医生诊断的喘息或其他呼吸健康指标方面没有明显差异。在全科医生手术中出现喘息的频率方面,使用羽毛材料的儿童比使用合成材料的儿童显著增加,相对比率为 2.00(95% CI:1.14, 3.52):本研究并不支持早先的观察性研究,这些研究表明,至少在儿童早期喘息中,使用合成纤维寝具的儿童喘息率较高,而使用羽毛材料的儿童喘息率较低。我们的研究表明,观察性研究结果的原因可能在于选择偏差,即高危儿童的父母避免使用羽毛寝具材料。
{"title":"Bedding materials and early infant wheezing: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Caroline Halley, Janice Kang, Phillipa Barnes, Michael Keall, Robert Siebers, Cheryl Davies, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Julian Crane","doi":"10.1111/pai.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various observational studies have suggested that infants and young children who regularly sleep in synthetic bedding materials are more likely to experience wheezing and asthma, while children who use feather duvets and/or feather pillows are less likely to wheeze.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Wellington, New Zealand, we conducted a three-armed, parallel, randomised trial of 460 infants who were assigned to use different bedding materials: synthetic, wool or feather bedding in the form of sleepsacks from 3 months of age to 2 years of age to test the hypothesis that children exposed to feather materials are less likely to develop wheezing. Pregnant women were recruited before birth. Parents were unaware of the primary research hypothesis and were told this was a study of child warmth and wheezing. We have reported wheezing (parental and GP), a variety of respiratory health parameters and atopic status at 2 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and forty-seven infants received a synthetic sleepsack, 150 wool and 144 feather. We have found no significant differences in reported or doctor-diagnosed wheezing or other respiratory health measures by bedding material used. For frequency of wheezing presentation at GP surgery, there was a significant increased rate for children using feather materials compared to synthetic, relative rate 2.00 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study does not support earlier observational studies that suggest higher rates of wheezing for children using synthetic bedding or lower rates for feather materials, at least for early childhood wheezing. Our study suggests that the explanation for the observational study findings may lie in selection bias, where the parents of at-risk children avoid feather bedding materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19929,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of air pollutants on the risk of emergency department presentations of infants with bronchiolitis in an European air quality hotspot.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70077
D Zama, A Paccapelo, L Betti, E Manieri, M Paglione, M Rinaldi, A Dondi, E Battelli, C Biagi, C Marchegiani Rizzolli, P Manzoni, G Piglia, G Nicolini, M Lanari, C Carbone

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants, and air pollutants represent a risk factor for its development. This work aims to investigate the role of air pollution, considering conventional and nonconventional indicators, in the development of bronchiolitis in three urban areas in the Po Valley, Northern Italy.

Methods: This multicentric, observational, retrospective, cohort study included infants under 12 months who were referred to the Pediatric Emergency Department of Bologna, Belluno, and Biella and diagnosed with bronchiolitis from 2016 to 2019. Data on daily ground-level mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants in the three areas, and additionally of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Bologna, were retrieved and assessed for possible relationships with the occurrence of bronchiolitis.

Results: A total of 1316 patients were enrolled. All conventional air quality indicators (NO2, PM10, and PM2.5) showed statistically significant associations with the occurrence of referrals due to bronchiolitis. The highest impacts were observed for OC and EC, the carbonaceous components of PM, which were only measured in Bologna. Considering the conventional indicators, the strongest associations were found between 4-week moving average concentrations and weekly hospital admission, and the strongest associations were found considering NO2 and PM2.5.

Conclusion: This study indicates that medium-term exposure to higher levels of air pollution increases the risk of the development of bronchiolitis. In particular, the best association results between bronchiolitis admissions and the exposure to the carbonaceous fraction of PM2.5.

背景:急性支气管炎是导致婴儿住院治疗的主要原因,而空气污染物是其发病的一个风险因素。本研究旨在调查空气污染在意大利北部波河流域三个城市地区支气管炎发病中的作用,包括常规和非常规指标:这项多中心、观察性、回顾性、队列研究纳入了 2016 年至 2019 年期间转诊至博洛尼亚、贝鲁诺和比耶拉儿科急诊科并被诊断为支气管炎的 12 个月以下婴儿。研究人员检索了这三个地区每天地面颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)和气体污染物的质量浓度数据,以及博洛尼亚的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)数据,并评估了这些数据与支气管炎发生的可能关系:结果:共登记了 1316 名患者。所有常规空气质量指标(二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物10和可吸入颗粒物2.5)均显示与支气管炎转诊率有显著的统计学关联。可吸入颗粒物中的碳质成分 OC 和 EC 的影响最大,这两项指标仅在博洛尼亚进行了测量。从常规指标来看,4 周移动平均浓度与每周入院率之间的关联性最强,而二氧化氮和 PM2.5 的关联性也最强:本研究表明,中期暴露于较高水平的空气污染会增加支气管炎的发病风险。尤其是,支气管炎的入院率与接触 PM2.5 中的碳质部分之间的关系最为密切。
{"title":"The influence of air pollutants on the risk of emergency department presentations of infants with bronchiolitis in an European air quality hotspot.","authors":"D Zama, A Paccapelo, L Betti, E Manieri, M Paglione, M Rinaldi, A Dondi, E Battelli, C Biagi, C Marchegiani Rizzolli, P Manzoni, G Piglia, G Nicolini, M Lanari, C Carbone","doi":"10.1111/pai.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants, and air pollutants represent a risk factor for its development. This work aims to investigate the role of air pollution, considering conventional and nonconventional indicators, in the development of bronchiolitis in three urban areas in the Po Valley, Northern Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentric, observational, retrospective, cohort study included infants under 12 months who were referred to the Pediatric Emergency Department of Bologna, Belluno, and Biella and diagnosed with bronchiolitis from 2016 to 2019. Data on daily ground-level mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and gaseous pollutants in the three areas, and additionally of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Bologna, were retrieved and assessed for possible relationships with the occurrence of bronchiolitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1316 patients were enrolled. All conventional air quality indicators (NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) showed statistically significant associations with the occurrence of referrals due to bronchiolitis. The highest impacts were observed for OC and EC, the carbonaceous components of PM, which were only measured in Bologna. Considering the conventional indicators, the strongest associations were found between 4-week moving average concentrations and weekly hospital admission, and the strongest associations were found considering NO<sub>2</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that medium-term exposure to higher levels of air pollution increases the risk of the development of bronchiolitis. In particular, the best association results between bronchiolitis admissions and the exposure to the carbonaceous fraction of PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19929,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effective long-term prophylaxis with lanadelumab in adolescents with hereditary angioedema: EMPOWER/ENABLE.
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/pai.70072
Raffi Tachdjian, Aleena Banerji, Paula J Busse, Nancy Agmon-Levin, John Anderson, Mauro Cancian, Giuseppe Spadaro, Carmen Enciu, Daniel Nova Estepan, Natalie Khutoryansky, Siddharth Jain, Andreas Recke

Background: Symptoms of hereditary angioedema (HAE) typically first present during childhood, but the frequency/severity of attacks often increases at puberty. Real-world data on long-term HAE prophylaxis in adolescents are limited. We report pooled data from adolescent patients enrolled in two Phase 4 studies (EMPOWER, ENABLE) evaluating the effectiveness/safety of lanadelumab (monoclonal antibody directed against plasma kallikrein) for the prevention of HAE attacks.

Methods: Adolescent patients (aged 12 to <18 years) with HAE-C1INH enrolled in EMPOWER and ENABLE received open-label lanadelumab 300 mg once every 2 weeks. Effectiveness outcomes were based on patient-reported assessments of on-treatment HAE attacks. Safety was assessed through the recording of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events. This analysis categorized patients as "new" or "established" lanadelumab patients.

Results: Thirteen new and seven established patients on lanadelumab were included. The observed monthly attack rate in new patients fell from 3.8 (mean) and 2.8 (median) during the pre-enrollment period to 0.65 (mean) and 0.21 (median) during the cumulative study period after lanadelumab initiation (84.2% and 92.9% reductions, respectively). In established patients, mean (SD) HAE attack rate (as treated) during the overall study period was 0.04 (0.03) attacks/month. Most HAE attacks were of mild/moderate severity. Nine new patients reported 42 TEAEs, mostly mild/moderate in severity, with 3 TEAEs reported as serious. Seven established patients reported 12 TEAEs (all mild/moderate and non-serious). No TEAEs were related to lanadelumab.

Conclusion: These data support lanadelumab's effectiveness/safety in adolescents with HAE, consistent with results from Phase 3 lanadelumab studies in mixed adult/adolescent populations.

Clinical trial identifiers: NCT03845400 (EMPOWER) and NCT04130191 (ENABLE).

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引用次数: 0
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Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
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