Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5943
A. Riaz, Bilal Umair, A. Asghar, Muhammad Imtiaz, R. Khan, A. Bilal
Objective: To evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery pathways (ERAS) on hospital stay and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy in comparison to conventional pathway. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Thoracic Surgery Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Mar 2020. Methodology: A total of 80 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy were divided in two groups. Group A underwent ERAS pathway and group B underwent conventional pathway. Both groups were compared for demographic characteristics, mean ICU stay, length of hospital stay, commencement of oral intake, and time of chest drain removal, readmission rates, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender and diagnostic indication among both groups. ERAS group was found to have shorter mean ICU stay (1.18 ± 0.55 vs 2.06 ± 1.10 days p<0.012), shorter hospital stay (7.50 ± 1.23 vs 11.6 ± 3.65 days, p<.001), earlier commencement of oral feeding (4.30 ± 1.41 vs 9.10 ± 4.26 days, p<0.001) and early removal of chest drains (3.22 ± vs 4.11 ± 1.52 p<0.001); when compared to conventional group. Overall morbidity in ERAS group was 50 (40%) versus 65% (81.25%) in conventional group. Mortality was same in both groups (2.5%). There was no readmission in ERAS group. Conclusion: ERAS in minimally invasive esophagectomy is safe and has positive impact on postoperative outcomes with marked reduction in overall morbidity in comparison to conventional regime. Results can be enhanced by ensuring better compliance to its.......
目的:评价强化恢复路径(ERAS)与常规路径相比对微创食管切除术患者住院时间和术后预后的影响。研究设计:准实验研究。学习地点和时间:2018年7月至2020年3月，巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第联合军队医院胸外科。方法:80例微创食管切除术患者分为两组。A组采用ERAS途径，B组采用常规途径。比较两组患者的人口学特征、平均ICU住院时间、住院时间、开始口服、胸腔引流时间、再入院率、术后发病率和死亡率。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、诊断指征差异无统计学意义。ERAS组平均ICU住院时间较短(1.18±0.55 vs 2.06±1.10 p<0.012)，住院时间较短(7.50±1.23 vs 11.6±3.65天，p<0.001)，较早开始口服喂养(4.30±1.41 vs 9.10±4.26天，p<0.001)，较早清除胸管(3.22±vs 4.11±1.52 p<0.001);与常规组比较。ERAS组总发病率为50%(40%)，而常规组为65%(81.25%)。两组死亡率相同(2.5%)。ERAS组无再入院病例。结论:ERAS在微创食管切除术中是安全的，对术后预后有积极影响，与常规方案相比，总发病率显著降低。通过确保更好地遵守其.......，可以提高结果
{"title":"ENHANCED RECOVERY PATHWAYS (ERAS) IMPLEMENTATION IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY; AN EARLY EXPERIENCE","authors":"A. Riaz, Bilal Umair, A. Asghar, Muhammad Imtiaz, R. Khan, A. Bilal","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5943","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery pathways (ERAS) on hospital stay and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy in comparison to conventional pathway. \u0000Study Design: Quasi experimental study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Thoracic Surgery Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Mar 2020. \u0000Methodology: A total of 80 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy were divided in two groups. Group A underwent ERAS pathway and group B underwent conventional pathway. Both groups were compared for demographic characteristics, mean ICU stay, length of hospital stay, commencement of oral intake, and time of chest drain removal, readmission rates, postoperative morbidity and mortality. \u0000Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender and diagnostic indication among both groups. ERAS group was found to have shorter mean ICU stay (1.18 ± 0.55 vs 2.06 ± 1.10 days p<0.012), shorter hospital stay (7.50 ± 1.23 vs 11.6 ± 3.65 days, p<.001), earlier commencement of oral feeding (4.30 ± 1.41 vs 9.10 ± 4.26 days, p<0.001) and early removal of chest drains (3.22 ± vs 4.11 ± 1.52 p<0.001); when compared to conventional group. Overall morbidity in ERAS group was 50 (40%) versus 65% (81.25%) in conventional group. Mortality was same in both groups (2.5%). There was no readmission in ERAS group. \u0000Conclusion: ERAS in minimally invasive esophagectomy is safe and has positive impact on postoperative outcomes with marked reduction in overall morbidity in comparison to conventional regime. Results can be enhanced by ensuring better compliance to its.......","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73330451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6571
Ambreen Javed, G. Trali, Hassan Burair Abbas, A. Sadiq
Objective: To predict the tertiary structure of human interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 protein. Study Design: Structure prediction by using bio informatics tools. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Swat Medical College (STMC), Saidu Shareef, Swat, Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Dec 2019. Methodology: All protein sequences of human interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 (isoforma, b and c) (IFNAR-2) were retrieved through the BLAST search (The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) from available databases ‘NCBI’ (National Centre for Biotechnology Information) and ‘Uni Prot KB’ (The Universal Protein Resource). Sequence alignment was conducted by using Clustal Omega, to get the consensus sequence for IFNAR-2 protein. Consensus protein sequence of human IFNAR-2 was used for the prediction of the three-dimensional structure by employing Swiss-Model Server. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis was also performed by using CELLO2GO program. Results: Structural model of human IFNAR-2 protein was predicted and evaluated by Ramachandran dimension. Cellular localization of tertiary topological domains of the predicted models were revealed probability of localization of IFNAR-2 protein (isoform a, b & c) is highest in the plasma membrane due to the presence of the transmembrane alpha helical regions. Conclusion: This study predicted the tertiary structural dimensions of human IFNAR-2 protein, including the specific topological domains that contribute towards the subcellular compartmentalization and functional characteristics.
{"title":"IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN INTERFERON ALPHA/BETA RECEPTOR 2 (ISOFORM A, B AND C) PROTEIN","authors":"Ambreen Javed, G. Trali, Hassan Burair Abbas, A. Sadiq","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6571","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To predict the tertiary structure of human interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 protein. \u0000Study Design: Structure prediction by using bio informatics tools. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Swat Medical College (STMC), Saidu Shareef, Swat, Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Dec 2019. \u0000Methodology: All protein sequences of human interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 (isoforma, b and c) (IFNAR-2) were retrieved through the BLAST search (The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) from available databases ‘NCBI’ (National Centre for Biotechnology Information) and ‘Uni Prot KB’ (The Universal Protein Resource). Sequence alignment was conducted by using Clustal Omega, to get the consensus sequence for IFNAR-2 protein. Consensus protein sequence of human IFNAR-2 was used for the prediction of the three-dimensional structure by employing Swiss-Model Server. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis was also performed by using CELLO2GO program. \u0000Results: Structural model of human IFNAR-2 protein was predicted and evaluated by Ramachandran dimension. Cellular localization of tertiary topological domains of the predicted models were revealed probability of localization of IFNAR-2 protein (isoform a, b & c) is highest in the plasma membrane due to the presence of the transmembrane alpha helical regions. \u0000Conclusion: This study predicted the tertiary structural dimensions of human IFNAR-2 protein, including the specific topological domains that contribute towards the subcellular compartmentalization and functional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81239787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6072
M. Younas, M. A. Aziz, Raja Kamran Afzal, H. Iqbal, M. Hussain, Rabia Mir
Objective: To determine the effect of comprehensive campaign for dengue control in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Station Health Organization Multan and Departments of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Mar 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: This study was conducted by implementing a comprehensive campaign by involvement of public health workers in high risk dengue area of Multan. There were five phases of this campaign; awareness, situation analysis, vector surveillance, indoor residual sprays where vector was found and contact tracing of dengue fever cases. The system was developed in 46 Mohallas/localities of Multan. Hot spot for mosquitoes breeding were identified at 15 places. Total of 23 health workers were recruited including 3 female workers. Insecticide spraying was carried out by indoor residual spray pumps & thermal foggers in a cyclic pattern. Results: During 2019, 42 larvae were identified followed by insecticide sprays & follow up visits; 26 cases of dengue fever were diagnosed and treated at CMH Multan in a dedicated dengue ward. Contact tracing was carried out and indoor residual sprays were carried out in 20 houses around residence of these cases. In 2020, 5 larvae were identified followed by sprays & follow up visits; 2 cases of dengue fever were diagnosed and treated. Conclusion: Comprehensive campaign against dengue fever was quite successful to control spread of dengue fever.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE CAMPAIGN FOR DENGUE CONTROL IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN - AN EXPERIENCE OF 2 YEARS","authors":"M. Younas, M. A. Aziz, Raja Kamran Afzal, H. Iqbal, M. Hussain, Rabia Mir","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6072","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effect of comprehensive campaign for dengue control in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. \u0000Study Design: Cross sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: Station Health Organization Multan and Departments of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Mar 2019 to Dec 2020. \u0000Methodology: This study was conducted by implementing a comprehensive campaign by involvement of public health workers in high risk dengue area of Multan. There were five phases of this campaign; awareness, situation analysis, vector surveillance, indoor residual sprays where vector was found and contact tracing of dengue fever cases. The system was developed in 46 Mohallas/localities of Multan. Hot spot for mosquitoes breeding were identified at 15 places. Total of 23 health workers were recruited including 3 female workers. Insecticide spraying was carried out by indoor residual spray pumps & thermal foggers in a cyclic pattern. \u0000Results: During 2019, 42 larvae were identified followed by insecticide sprays & follow up visits; 26 cases of dengue fever were diagnosed and treated at CMH Multan in a dedicated dengue ward. Contact tracing was carried out and indoor residual sprays were carried out in 20 houses around residence of these cases. In 2020, 5 larvae were identified followed by sprays & follow up visits; 2 cases of dengue fever were diagnosed and treated. \u0000Conclusion: Comprehensive campaign against dengue fever was quite successful to control spread of dengue fever.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86038025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5900
H. Iftikhar, Aneel Aslam, H. Rehman, Z. Ali, M. Abbass, Zulfiqar Haider
Objective: To compare the effect of 0.5% and 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine on haemodynamic stability in terms of mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded at 4 min in patients undergoing caesarian section in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: The patients were assigned in two groups (A and B) using lottery method. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Spinal anaesthesia was given, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Both groups were compared for mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.62 ± 6.21 years in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 29.31 ± 6.20 years in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The mean systolic blood pressure of patients was 111.63 ± 5.96 mmHg in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 117.16 ± 7.12 mmHg in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). The mean heart rate of patients was 92.27 ± 4.71 beats per min (bpm) in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 97.68 ± 4.58 bpm in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution in spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section.
目的:比较0.5%和0.75%高压布比卡因对腰麻剖宫产患者4 min平均收缩压和心率的影响。研究设计:准实验研究。学习地点及时间:2018年7月至12月，马里尔军队联合医院麻醉科。方法:采用摇号法将患者分为A组和B组。A组给予0.5%高压布比卡因溶液。B组给予0.5%高压布比卡因溶液。给予脊髓麻醉，记录血压和心率。数据采用SPSS version 23进行分析。采用独立样本t检验比较两组的平均收缩压和心率。结果:0.75%布比卡因组患者平均年龄为29.62±6.21岁，0.5%布比卡因组患者平均年龄为29.31±6.20岁。0.75%布比卡因组患者平均收缩压为111.63±5.96 mmHg, 0.5%布比卡因组患者平均收缩压为117.16±7.12 mmHg。两组比较差异有统计学意义(p值<0.05)。0.75%布比卡因组患者平均心率为92.27±4.71次/ min (bpm)， 0.5%布比卡因组患者平均心率为97.68±4.58次/ min。两组比较差异有统计学意义(p值<0.05)。结论:0.5%高压布比卡因比0.75%高压布比卡因溶液用于剖宫产术中脊柱麻醉效果更好。
{"title":"COMPARISON OF HAEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH 0.5% AND 0.75% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CAESAREAN SECTION","authors":"H. Iftikhar, Aneel Aslam, H. Rehman, Z. Ali, M. Abbass, Zulfiqar Haider","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5900","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effect of 0.5% and 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine on haemodynamic stability in terms of mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded at 4 min in patients undergoing caesarian section in spinal anesthesia. \u0000Study Design: Quasi experimental study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Jul to Dec 2018. \u0000Methodology: The patients were assigned in two groups (A and B) using lottery method. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Spinal anaesthesia was given, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Both groups were compared for mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate by using independent sample t-test. \u0000Results: The mean age of patients was 29.62 ± 6.21 years in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 29.31 ± 6.20 years in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The mean systolic blood pressure of patients was 111.63 ± 5.96 mmHg in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 117.16 ± 7.12 mmHg in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). The mean heart rate of patients was 92.27 ± 4.71 beats per min (bpm) in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 97.68 ± 4.58 bpm in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). \u0000Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution in spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3495
Maria Ilyas, M. Rafiq, F. Farhan, M. Ali, S. Afzal, Zainab Niazi
Objective: To compare the expression of CD-10 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017. Methodology: After taking ethics approval from the ethical review committee AFIP, previously diagnosed, thirty-eight cases of each basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were taken from the histopathology department of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. CD-10 was applied according to standard protocol. The intensity of the CD-10 expression is assessed and categorized into three groups. CD-10 expression less than 10% in the tumour cell was taken as negative (-), 10 to 50% staining was taken as positive (+) and greater than 50% staining in tumour cells was taken as strong positive (++). Results: Out of the total 76 cases included in the study, 9 (24%) were strongly positive (++) whereas 20 (52.6%) were positive (+) and 9 (23.7%) were negative (-) for CD-10 expression. Out of the total 38 cases of SCC 4 (11%) cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 34 (89%) showed negative (-) results. A significant association (p-value <0.001) was seen when CD-10 expression in BCC was compared with SCC. Conclusion: CD-10 expression was higher in basal cell carcinoma when compared to squamous cell carcinoma in which CD-10 expression was very low/absent, hence CD-10 can serve as a useful adjunct marker in differentiating between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in problematic cases.
{"title":"IMMUNOEXPRESSION OF CD-10 IN BASAL CELL CARCINOMA AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF HEAD AND NECK","authors":"Maria Ilyas, M. Rafiq, F. Farhan, M. Ali, S. Afzal, Zainab Niazi","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3495","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the expression of CD-10 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). \u0000Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017. \u0000Methodology: After taking ethics approval from the ethical review committee AFIP, previously diagnosed, thirty-eight cases of each basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were taken from the histopathology department of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. CD-10 was applied according to standard protocol. The intensity of the CD-10 expression is assessed and categorized into three groups. CD-10 expression less than 10% in the tumour cell was taken as negative (-), 10 to 50% staining was taken as positive (+) and greater than 50% staining in tumour cells was taken as strong positive (++). \u0000Results: Out of the total 76 cases included in the study, 9 (24%) were strongly positive (++) whereas 20 (52.6%) were positive (+) and 9 (23.7%) were negative (-) for CD-10 expression. Out of the total 38 cases of SCC 4 (11%) cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 34 (89%) showed negative (-) results. A significant association (p-value <0.001) was seen when CD-10 expression in BCC was compared with SCC. \u0000Conclusion: CD-10 expression was higher in basal cell carcinoma when compared to squamous cell carcinoma in which CD-10 expression was very low/absent, hence CD-10 can serve as a useful adjunct marker in differentiating between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in problematic cases.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84548047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.5642
T. Ahmed, A. Mahmood, N. Uddin, H. Robert, Rafia Mahmood, Usman Tahir Swatti
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of reticulocyte maturity indices in iron deficiency anaemia. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Jun 2020. Methodology: A total of 340 children, ages between 1 and 5 years of either gender, were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin and ferritin level. Group A comprised of 203 children with haemoglobin >11 g/dL andferritin level >7 ng/ mL. Group B comprised of 137 children with haemoglobin <11g/dL and ferritin <7 ng/mL. Red blood cell and reticulocyte parameters were compared. Results: Iron deficiency anaemia was found to be 37.6% in the study population. Comparison revealed that the children in groups B had significantly higher mean red cell distribution width (17.1 ± 1.3% vs. 13.3 ± 1.3%) and significantly lower hemoglobin (9.5 ± 1.0 g/dL vs. 12.7 ± 1.0 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.8 ± 2.5 pg vs. 28.6 ± 2.3 pg), mean corpuscular volume (69.4 ± 3.5 fL vs. 80.4 ± 3.3 fL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (31.5 ± 1.8 g/dL vs. 32.7 ± 1.6 g/dL) and serum ferritin level (4.5 ± 2.6 mg/mL vs. 55.9 ± 32.1 ng/mL). No significant differences in the mean total red blood cell count, hematocrit and reticulocytes between two groups were noted (p>0.05) and significant differences were noted in terms of low, medium & high fluorescence ratios in both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that medium fluorescence ratio and high fluorescence ratio.......
{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASURING RETICULOCYTE MATURITY INDICES IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA","authors":"T. Ahmed, A. Mahmood, N. Uddin, H. Robert, Rafia Mahmood, Usman Tahir Swatti","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.5642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.5642","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of reticulocyte maturity indices in iron deficiency anaemia. \u0000Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Jun 2020. \u0000Methodology: A total of 340 children, ages between 1 and 5 years of either gender, were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin and ferritin level. Group A comprised of 203 children with haemoglobin >11 g/dL andferritin level >7 ng/ mL. Group B comprised of 137 children with haemoglobin <11g/dL and ferritin <7 ng/mL. Red blood cell and reticulocyte parameters were compared. \u0000Results: Iron deficiency anaemia was found to be 37.6% in the study population. Comparison revealed that the children in groups B had significantly higher mean red cell distribution width (17.1 ± 1.3% vs. 13.3 ± 1.3%) and significantly lower hemoglobin (9.5 ± 1.0 g/dL vs. 12.7 ± 1.0 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.8 ± 2.5 pg vs. 28.6 ± 2.3 pg), mean corpuscular volume (69.4 ± 3.5 fL vs. 80.4 ± 3.3 fL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (31.5 ± 1.8 g/dL vs. 32.7 ± 1.6 g/dL) and serum ferritin level (4.5 ± 2.6 mg/mL vs. 55.9 ± 32.1 ng/mL). No significant differences in the mean total red blood cell count, hematocrit and reticulocytes between two groups were noted (p>0.05) and significant differences were noted in terms of low, medium & high fluorescence ratios in both groups (p<0.05). \u0000 Conclusion: Our findings suggest that medium fluorescence ratio and high fluorescence ratio.......","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83651443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4952
U. Saleem, Tayyab Waseem, Malik Waseem Babar
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of saline wound lavage in reducing wound infections in patients undergoing gynaecological and obstetrical abdominal surgical procedures. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019. Methodology: All the patients undergoing gynaecological or obstetrical surgical procedures were enrolled after informed consent. Participants underwent elective or emergency surgery. In Group A with 551 patients, saline wound Lavage was done before closure, whereas in 533 patients in group B saline wound irrigation was not done. Similar post-operative care was provided to both groups. All patients were observed for febrile illness and wound discharge on 2nd, 8th, 15th and 30th postoperative day. Results: Out of 1084 patients, there were 551 (50.7%) in saline wound irrigation group A, while 533 (49.3%) were in group B where no saline wound irrigation was done. The frequency of febrile illness was observed in 49 (3.8%) patients. Febrile illness was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (pvalue 0.002). The frequency of wound discharge was observed in 28 (22.2%) patients. Wound discharge was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (p-value=0.018). Conclusion: Saline wound irrigation prior to wound closure in obstetrical and gynaecological abdominal procedures can lead to a significant reduction in surgical site infection.
{"title":"OUTCOME OF SALINE WOUND LAVAGE PRIOR TO WOUND CLOSURE IN GYNAECOLOGICAL AND OBSTETRICAL PATIENTS","authors":"U. Saleem, Tayyab Waseem, Malik Waseem Babar","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4952","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effectiveness of saline wound lavage in reducing wound infections in patients undergoing gynaecological and obstetrical abdominal surgical procedures. \u0000Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019. \u0000Methodology: All the patients undergoing gynaecological or obstetrical surgical procedures were enrolled after informed consent. Participants underwent elective or emergency surgery. In Group A with 551 patients, saline wound Lavage was done before closure, whereas in 533 patients in group B saline wound irrigation was not done. Similar post-operative care was provided to both groups. All patients were observed for febrile illness and wound discharge on 2nd, 8th, 15th and 30th postoperative day. \u0000Results: Out of 1084 patients, there were 551 (50.7%) in saline wound irrigation group A, while 533 (49.3%) were in group B where no saline wound irrigation was done. The frequency of febrile illness was observed in 49 (3.8%) patients. Febrile illness was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (pvalue 0.002). The frequency of wound discharge was observed in 28 (22.2%) patients. Wound discharge was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (p-value=0.018). \u0000Conclusion: Saline wound irrigation prior to wound closure in obstetrical and gynaecological abdominal procedures can lead to a significant reduction in surgical site infection.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90835324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.7228
Tahira Sajid, Syeda Rifaat Qamar Naqvi, Zara Sajid, Fatima Sajid, Ismail Akbar, Muhammad Ayub Ashraf Mallhi
Objective: To compare the occurrence of hypocalcemia in patients undergoing subtotal and total thyroidectomy. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Surgical departments of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Mar 2018 to Feb 2020. Methodology: A total of 171 patients were selected for this study and they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 95 patients undergoing Total thyroidectomy whereas group 2 had 76 patients undergoing Subtotal thyroidectomy. It was a comparative prospective study and the groups were made by convenience sampling. The data was analyzed by SPSS-23. Results: In total thyroidectomy group Hypocalcemia was detected after 48 hours in 34 patients (35%) while in subtotal thyroidectomy group hypocalcemia was detected in 20 patients (28%). Tests for hypocalcemia were also done after two months of surgery and low levels were detected in 7 patients (7.5%) who had total thyroidectomy and in 2 patients (5%) in the group undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy. There was no significant difference in hypocalcemia after 48 hour (p=0.22) and 2 months postoperatively (p=0.6) between patients of Total Thyroidectomy and Subtotal Thyroidectomy. Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is not associated with increased risk of permanent hypocalcemia as compared to Subtotal thyroidectomy. Because of its advantages Total thyroidectomy should be the preferred surgical procedure for patients presenting with benign euthyroid multi nodular goiter.
{"title":"HYPOCALCEMIA IN TOTAL VERSUS SUBTOTAL THYROIDECTOMY","authors":"Tahira Sajid, Syeda Rifaat Qamar Naqvi, Zara Sajid, Fatima Sajid, Ismail Akbar, Muhammad Ayub Ashraf Mallhi","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.7228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.7228","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the occurrence of hypocalcemia in patients undergoing subtotal and total thyroidectomy. \u0000Study Design: Comparative prospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Surgical departments of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Mar 2018 to Feb 2020. \u0000Methodology: A total of 171 patients were selected for this study and they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 95 patients undergoing Total thyroidectomy whereas group 2 had 76 patients undergoing Subtotal thyroidectomy. It was a comparative prospective study and the groups were made by convenience sampling. The data was analyzed by SPSS-23. \u0000Results: In total thyroidectomy group Hypocalcemia was detected after 48 hours in 34 patients (35%) while in subtotal thyroidectomy group hypocalcemia was detected in 20 patients (28%). Tests for hypocalcemia were also done after two months of surgery and low levels were detected in 7 patients (7.5%) who had total thyroidectomy and in 2 patients (5%) in the group undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy. There was no significant difference in hypocalcemia after 48 hour (p=0.22) and 2 months postoperatively (p=0.6) between patients of Total Thyroidectomy and Subtotal Thyroidectomy. \u0000Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is not associated with increased risk of permanent hypocalcemia as compared to Subtotal thyroidectomy. Because of its advantages Total thyroidectomy should be the preferred surgical procedure for patients presenting with benign euthyroid multi nodular goiter.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83855794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.5819
Muhammad Mohsin Tahir, Asim Abbass, F. Nawaz, Syed Asad Shabir, Atif Rafique
Objective: To compare the results of tragal cartilage with perichondrium versus temporalis fascia graft in endoscopic tympanoplasty using underlay technique. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, from Jul 2018 to Feb 2020. Methodology: Overall, 34 patients having permanent unilateral tympanic membrane perforations were included in this study, in whom underlay endoscopic tympanoplasty was performed. Group A patients underwent temporalis fascia graft while group B received a tragal cartilage with perichondrium graft. The success rate between groups was compared in respect of reduction in postoperative air-bone gap and healing of perforation. Results: The success rate of graft was 88% (30/34) in group A and 94% (32/34) in group B after 6 months follow-up, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.368). Hearing improvement in the form of closure of air bone gap in group A was from 24.52 ± 1.73 dB (decibel) to 13.56 ± 5.67s dB and in group B it was from 19.76 ± 3.47dB to 11.94 ± 3.9dB, the difference was not significant statistically (p=0.333). Conclusion: Keeping in view the results of our study, we conclude that both tragal cartilage with perichondrium and temporalis fascia graft are considered equally successful in endoscopic tympanoplasty.
{"title":"COMPARISON BETWEEN TRAGAL CARTILAGE WITH PERICHONDRIUM AND TEMPORALIS FASCIA GRAFT BY UNDERLAY ENDOSCOPIC TYMPANOPLASTY","authors":"Muhammad Mohsin Tahir, Asim Abbass, F. Nawaz, Syed Asad Shabir, Atif Rafique","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.5819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-3.5819","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the results of tragal cartilage with perichondrium versus temporalis fascia graft in endoscopic tympanoplasty using underlay technique. \u0000Study Design: Comparative prospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, from Jul 2018 to Feb 2020. \u0000Methodology: Overall, 34 patients having permanent unilateral tympanic membrane perforations were included in this study, in whom underlay endoscopic tympanoplasty was performed. Group A patients underwent temporalis fascia graft while group B received a tragal cartilage with perichondrium graft. The success rate between groups was compared in respect of reduction in postoperative air-bone gap and healing of perforation. \u0000Results: The success rate of graft was 88% (30/34) in group A and 94% (32/34) in group B after 6 months follow-up, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.368). Hearing improvement in the form of closure of air bone gap in group A was from 24.52 ± 1.73 dB (decibel) to 13.56 ± 5.67s dB and in group B it was from 19.76 ± 3.47dB to 11.94 ± 3.9dB, the difference was not significant statistically (p=0.333). \u0000Conclusion: Keeping in view the results of our study, we conclude that both tragal cartilage with perichondrium and temporalis fascia graft are considered equally successful in endoscopic tympanoplasty.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77560320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3823
Ajmal Yousaf, Fatima Ali, A. Bibi, Ahsan Masood Ahmed, Sana Ashfaq, Syeda Fatima tu Zahra
Objective: To find the effect of different combinations of Calcium Hydroxide for the management of post-operative pain in acute apical periodontitis. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi. from Jun to Nov 2019. Methodology: A total of 282 patients presenting with acute apical periodontitis in their mandibular posterior teeth were selected for this study and were randomly divided into three equal groups with the help of scientific random number table. Group-A patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Chlorhexidine, group-B patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Saline and group-C patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Dexamethasone. Endodontic therapy was initiated after application of rubber dam, following pulpectomy and disinfection with frequent irrigation, canals were prepared and intra-canal dressings were placed according to the allotted group and the cavity was restored till the next appointment. Post-operative pain was recorded at 24 hours, 48 hours and one week using the visual analogue scale. Results: The three intra-canal combinations of Calcium Hydroxide used in the study were found to be equally effective in reducing pain. Overall, the result between the three groups after 24 hours proved to be insignificant (p=0.40), after 48 hours (p=0.84) and 1 week (p=0.45) were also insignificant. Conclusion: Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Saline, Chlorhexidine and Dexamethasone are all effective for pain reduction with dexamethasone being the most effective.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE FOR MANAGEMENT OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN IN ACUTE APICAL PERIODONTITIS","authors":"Ajmal Yousaf, Fatima Ali, A. Bibi, Ahsan Masood Ahmed, Sana Ashfaq, Syeda Fatima tu Zahra","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.3823","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find the effect of different combinations of Calcium Hydroxide for the management of post-operative pain in acute apical periodontitis. \u0000Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi. from Jun to Nov 2019. \u0000Methodology: A total of 282 patients presenting with acute apical periodontitis in their mandibular posterior teeth were selected for this study and were randomly divided into three equal groups with the help of scientific random number table. Group-A patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Chlorhexidine, group-B patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Saline and group-C patients were given intracanal dressing of Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Dexamethasone. Endodontic therapy was initiated after application of rubber dam, following pulpectomy and disinfection with frequent irrigation, canals were prepared and intra-canal dressings were placed according to the allotted group and the cavity was restored till the next appointment. Post-operative pain was recorded at 24 hours, 48 hours and one week using the visual analogue scale. \u0000Results: The three intra-canal combinations of Calcium Hydroxide used in the study were found to be equally effective in reducing pain. Overall, the result between the three groups after 24 hours proved to be insignificant (p=0.40), after 48 hours (p=0.84) and 1 week (p=0.45) were also insignificant. \u0000Conclusion: Calcium Hydroxide mixed with Saline, Chlorhexidine and Dexamethasone are all effective for pain reduction with dexamethasone being the most effective.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"31 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90534412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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