Pub Date : 2015-10-22DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.104402
A. Novokhatski
A corrugated structure, which is used in “dechirper” devices, is usually a pipe or two plates with small corrugations (bumps) on the walls. There is a good single-mode description of the wake potentials excited by a relativistic bunch if the wave length of the mode is much longer than the distance between the bumps in the pipe. However, ultrashort bunches, which are now used in free electron lasers, excite much higher frequency fields and the corresponding wake potentials will be very different from the single-mode description. We have made analyses of these wake potentials based on a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations. It was confirmed that the behavior of the wakefields of ultrashort bunches in corrugated structures is not much different from the fields excited usually in accelerating structures where the wake potentials are described by the exponential function. For a practical application we present results for the SLAC “dechirper.” We also carried out calculations for a similar device, that was installed and measured at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. As a result, we find very good agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"Wakefield potentials of corrugated structures","authors":"A. Novokhatski","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.104402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.104402","url":null,"abstract":"A corrugated structure, which is used in “dechirper” devices, is usually a pipe or two plates with small corrugations (bumps) on the walls. There is a good single-mode description of the wake potentials excited by a relativistic bunch if the wave length of the mode is much longer than the distance between the bumps in the pipe. However, ultrashort bunches, which are now used in free electron lasers, excite much higher frequency fields and the corresponding wake potentials will be very different from the single-mode description. We have made analyses of these wake potentials based on a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations. It was confirmed that the behavior of the wakefields of ultrashort bunches in corrugated structures is not much different from the fields excited usually in accelerating structures where the wake potentials are described by the exponential function. For a practical application we present results for the SLAC “dechirper.” We also carried out calculations for a similar device, that was installed and measured at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. As a result, we find very good agreement with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73294371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-19DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100101
M. Schreck, P. Wesolowski
The current paper deals with analytical bunch compression studies for FLUTE whose results are compared to simulations. FLUTE is a linac-based electron accelerator with a design energy of approximately 40 MeV currently being constructed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. One of the goals of FLUTE is to generate electron bunches with their length lying in the femtosecond regime. In the first phase this will be accomplished using a magnetic bunch compressor. This compressor forms the subject of the studies presented. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part deals with pure geometric investigations of the bunch compressor where space charge effects and the backreaction of bunches with coherent synchrotron radiation are neglected. The second part is dedicated to the treatment of space charge effects. The upshot is that the analytical results in the two parts agree quite well with what is obtained from simulations. This paper shall form the basis for future analytical studies of the FLUTE bunch compressor and of bunch compression, in general.
{"title":"Analytical bunch compression studies for a linac-based electron accelerator","authors":"M. Schreck, P. Wesolowski","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100101","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper deals with analytical bunch compression studies for FLUTE whose results are compared to simulations. FLUTE is a linac-based electron accelerator with a design energy of approximately 40 MeV currently being constructed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. One of the goals of FLUTE is to generate electron bunches with their length lying in the femtosecond regime. In the first phase this will be accomplished using a magnetic bunch compressor. This compressor forms the subject of the studies presented. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part deals with pure geometric investigations of the bunch compressor where space charge effects and the backreaction of bunches with coherent synchrotron radiation are neglected. The second part is dedicated to the treatment of space charge effects. The upshot is that the analytical results in the two parts agree quite well with what is obtained from simulations. This paper shall form the basis for future analytical studies of the FLUTE bunch compressor and of bunch compression, in general.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88006414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-14DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.042801
T. Aumeyr, E. Bravin, K. Kruchinin, B. Bolzon, L. Bobb, M. Billing, P. Karataev, T. Lefevre, S. Mazzoni
Charged particle beam diagnostics is a key task in modern and future accelerator installations. The diagnostic tools are practically the “eyes” of the operators. The precision and resolution of the diagnostic equipment are crucial to define the performance of the accelerator. Transition and diffraction radiation (TR and DR) are widely used for electron beam parameter monitoring. However, the precision and resolution of those devices are determined by how well the production, transport and detection of these radiation types are understood. This paper reports on simulations of TR and DR spatial-spectral characteristics using the physical optics propagation (POP) mode of the Zemax advanced optics simulation software. A good consistency with theory is demonstrated. Also, realistic optical system alignment issues are discussed.
{"title":"Advanced simulations of optical transition and diffraction radiation","authors":"T. Aumeyr, E. Bravin, K. Kruchinin, B. Bolzon, L. Bobb, M. Billing, P. Karataev, T. Lefevre, S. Mazzoni","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.042801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.042801","url":null,"abstract":"Charged particle beam diagnostics is a key task in modern and future accelerator installations. The diagnostic tools are practically the “eyes” of the operators. The precision and resolution of the diagnostic equipment are crucial to define the performance of the accelerator. Transition and diffraction radiation (TR and DR) are widely used for electron beam parameter monitoring. However, the precision and resolution of those devices are determined by how well the production, transport and detection of these radiation types are understood. This paper reports on simulations of TR and DR spatial-spectral characteristics using the physical optics propagation (POP) mode of the Zemax advanced optics simulation software. A good consistency with theory is demonstrated. Also, realistic optical system alignment issues are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-14DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.082803
B. Bolzon, B. Bolzon, B. Bolzon, A. Aryshev, T. Aumeyr, S. Boogert, P. Karataev, K. Kruchinin, T. Lefevre, S. Mazzoni, L. Nevay, M. Shevelev, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa, C. Welsch, C. Welsch
Optical transition radiation (OTR) has become a commonly used method for 2D beam imaging measurements. In the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK, beam sizes smaller than the OTR point spread function have been measured. Simulations of the OTR imaging system have been performed using the ZEMAX software to study the effects of optical errors such as aberrations, diffraction, and misalignments of optical components. This paper presents a comparison of simulations of the OTR point spread function with experimental data obtained at ATF2. It shows how the quantification and control of optical errors impacts on optimizing the resolution of the system. We also show that the OTR point spread function needs to be predicted accurately to optimize any optical system and to predict the error made on measurement.
{"title":"Very high resolution optical transition radiation imaging system: Comparison between simulation and experiment","authors":"B. Bolzon, B. Bolzon, B. Bolzon, A. Aryshev, T. Aumeyr, S. Boogert, P. Karataev, K. Kruchinin, T. Lefevre, S. Mazzoni, L. Nevay, M. Shevelev, N. Terunuma, J. Urakawa, C. Welsch, C. Welsch","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.082803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.082803","url":null,"abstract":"Optical transition radiation (OTR) has become a commonly used method for 2D beam imaging measurements. In the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK, beam sizes smaller than the OTR point spread function have been measured. Simulations of the OTR imaging system have been performed using the ZEMAX software to study the effects of optical errors such as aberrations, diffraction, and misalignments of optical components. This paper presents a comparison of simulations of the OTR point spread function with experimental data obtained at ATF2. It shows how the quantification and control of optical errors impacts on optimizing the resolution of the system. We also show that the OTR point spread function needs to be predicted accurately to optimize any optical system and to predict the error made on measurement.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82031454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-13DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101002
M. Benedikt, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann
The integrated luminosity, a key figure of merit for any particle-physics collider, is closely linked to the peak luminosity and to the beam lifetime. The instantaneous peak luminosity of a collider is constrained by a number of boundary conditions, such as the available beam current, the maximum beam-beam tune shift with acceptable beam stability and reasonable luminosity lifetime (i.e., the empirical “beam-beam limit”), or the event pileup in the physics detectors. The beam lifetime at high-luminosity hadron colliders is largely determined by particle burn off in the collisions. In future highest-energy circular colliders synchrotron radiation provides a natural damping mechanism, which can be exploited for maximizing the integrated luminosity. In this article, we derive analytical expressions describing the optimized integrated luminosity, the corresponding optimum store length, and the time evolution of relevant beam parameters, without or with radiation damping, while respecting a fixed maximum value for the total beam-beam tune shift or for the event pileup in the detector. Our results are illustrated by examples for the proton-proton luminosity of the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at its design parameters, of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), and of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh).
{"title":"Optimizing integrated luminosity of future hadron colliders","authors":"M. Benedikt, D. Schulte, F. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101002","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated luminosity, a key figure of merit for any particle-physics collider, is closely linked to the peak luminosity and to the beam lifetime. The instantaneous peak luminosity of a collider is constrained by a number of boundary conditions, such as the available beam current, the maximum beam-beam tune shift with acceptable beam stability and reasonable luminosity lifetime (i.e., the empirical “beam-beam limit”), or the event pileup in the physics detectors. The beam lifetime at high-luminosity hadron colliders is largely determined by particle burn off in the collisions. In future highest-energy circular colliders synchrotron radiation provides a natural damping mechanism, which can be exploited for maximizing the integrated luminosity. In this article, we derive analytical expressions describing the optimized integrated luminosity, the corresponding optimum store length, and the time evolution of relevant beam parameters, without or with radiation damping, while respecting a fixed maximum value for the total beam-beam tune shift or for the event pileup in the detector. Our results are illustrated by examples for the proton-proton luminosity of the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at its design parameters, of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), and of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh).","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78025799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-12DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100701
E. Prat, F. Löhl, S. Reiche
A transversely tilted bunch passing through an undulator with properly chosen delays emits a short high-power x-ray free-electron-laser pulse.
横向倾斜束通过适当选择延迟的波动器发出短的高功率x射线自由电子激光脉冲。
{"title":"Efficient generation of short and high-power x-ray free-electron-laser pulses based on superradiance with a transversely tilted beam","authors":"E. Prat, F. Löhl, S. Reiche","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.100701","url":null,"abstract":"A transversely tilted bunch passing through an undulator with properly chosen delays emits a short high-power x-ray free-electron-laser pulse.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74180750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-08DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.20.043401
M. Lobet, X. Davoine, E. D'humieres, L. Gremillet
Generation of antimatter via the multiphoton Breit-Wheeler process in an all-optical scheme will be made possible on forthcoming high-power laser facilities through the collision of wakefield-accelerated GeV electrons with a counter-propagating laser pulse with $10^{22}$-$10^{23}$ $mathrm{Wcm}^{-2}$ peak intensity. By means of integrated 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the production of positron beams with 0.1-1 nC total charge, 100-400 MeV mean energy and 0.01-0.1 rad divergence is within the reach of soon-to-be-available laser systems. The variations of the positron beam's properties with respect to the laser parameters are also examined.
{"title":"Generation of high-energy electron-positron beams in the collision of a laser-accelerated electron beam and a multi-petawatt laser","authors":"M. Lobet, X. Davoine, E. D'humieres, L. Gremillet","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.20.043401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.20.043401","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of antimatter via the multiphoton Breit-Wheeler process in an all-optical scheme will be made possible on forthcoming high-power laser facilities through the collision of wakefield-accelerated GeV electrons with a counter-propagating laser pulse with $10^{22}$-$10^{23}$ $mathrm{Wcm}^{-2}$ peak intensity. By means of integrated 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the production of positron beams with 0.1-1 nC total charge, 100-400 MeV mean energy and 0.01-0.1 rad divergence is within the reach of soon-to-be-available laser systems. The variations of the positron beam's properties with respect to the laser parameters are also examined.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74460016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101001
P. Baudrenghien, T. Mastoridis
The high-luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC) upgrade with planned operation from 2025 onward has a goal of achieving a tenfold increase in the number of recorded collisions thanks to a doubling of the intensity per bunch (2.2e11 protons) and a reduction of β to 15 cm. Such an increase would significantly expedite new discoveries and exploration. To avoid detrimental effects from long-range beam-beam interactions, the half crossing angle must be increased to 295 microrad. Without bunch crabbing, this large crossing angle and small transverse beam size would result in a luminosity reduction factor of 0.3 (Piwinski angle). Therefore, crab cavities are an important component of the LHC upgrade, and will contribute strongly to achieving an increase in the number of recorded collisions. The proposed crab cavities are electromagnetic devices with a resonance in the radio frequency (rf) region of the spectrum (400.789 MHz). They cause a kick perpendicular to the direction of motion (transverse kick) to restore an effective head-on collision between the particle beams, thereby restoring the geometric factor to 0.8 [K. Oide and K. Yokoya, Phys. Rev. A 40, 315 (1989).]. Noise injected through the rf/low level rf (llrf) system could cause significant transverse emittance growth and limit luminosity lifetime. In this work, a theoretical relationship between the phase and amplitude rf noise spectrum and the transverse emittance growth rate is derived, for a hadron machine assuming zero synchrotron radiation damping and broadband rf noise, excluding infinitely narrow spectral lines. This derivation is for a single beam. Both amplitude and phase noise are investigated. The potential improvement in the presence of the transverse damper is also investigated.
{"title":"Transverse emittance growth due to rf noise in the high-luminosity LHC crab cavities","authors":"P. Baudrenghien, T. Mastoridis","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVSTAB.18.101001","url":null,"abstract":"The high-luminosity LHC (HiLumi LHC) upgrade with planned operation from 2025 onward has a goal of achieving a tenfold increase in the number of recorded collisions thanks to a doubling of the intensity per bunch (2.2e11 protons) and a reduction of β to 15 cm. Such an increase would significantly expedite new discoveries and exploration. To avoid detrimental effects from long-range beam-beam interactions, the half crossing angle must be increased to 295 microrad. Without bunch crabbing, this large crossing angle and small transverse beam size would result in a luminosity reduction factor of 0.3 (Piwinski angle). Therefore, crab cavities are an important component of the LHC upgrade, and will contribute strongly to achieving an increase in the number of recorded collisions. The proposed crab cavities are electromagnetic devices with a resonance in the radio frequency (rf) region of the spectrum (400.789 MHz). They cause a kick perpendicular to the direction of motion (transverse kick) to restore an effective head-on collision between the particle beams, thereby restoring the geometric factor to 0.8 [K. Oide and K. Yokoya, Phys. Rev. A 40, 315 (1989).]. Noise injected through the rf/low level rf (llrf) system could cause significant transverse emittance growth and limit luminosity lifetime. In this work, a theoretical relationship between the phase and amplitude rf noise spectrum and the transverse emittance growth rate is derived, for a hadron machine assuming zero synchrotron radiation damping and broadband rf noise, excluding infinitely narrow spectral lines. This derivation is for a single beam. Both amplitude and phase noise are investigated. The potential improvement in the presence of the transverse damper is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":20072,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80282176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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