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Mathematical framework for the plastic flow of fine-grained solids, from yield to fracture 细粒固体塑性流动从屈服到断裂的数学框架
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416570
A newly proposed mathematical approach to plastic flow, holding from yield to fracture, of a fine-grained polycrystal with no voids or cracks is reviewed and applied to commercial steels. The formalism models the polycrystal by a continuum array of random deformable polyhedra leaving no voids between them, which can slide past each other along the shared faces when the shear stress resolved in the face plane exceeds a finite threshold. Grain reshaping for preserving matter continuity induces local forces assumed much weaker than those causing sliding. The relative velocity of adjacent sliding grains is taken as proportional to the local shear stress resolved in the common boundary plane. Explicit equations are derived for the plastic deformation, from yield to fracture. The analysis of mechanical tests of two commercial stainless steels is shown to illustrate how well the theory agrees with practice.
本文对一种新提出的数学方法进行了评述,该方法适用于没有空隙或裂缝的细粒度多晶体从屈服到断裂的塑性流动。这种形式主义是通过一个由随机可变形多面体组成的连续阵列对多晶体进行建模,这些多面体之间不留空隙,当面平面上的剪应力超过一个有限阈值时,这些多面体可以沿着共享面相互滑过。为保持物质连续性而进行的晶粒重塑会产生局部作用力,这种作用力假定比导致滑动的作用力弱得多。相邻滑动晶粒的相对速度与共同边界平面上的局部剪应力成正比。得出了从屈服到断裂的塑性变形的显式方程。对两种商用不锈钢的机械测试分析表明了理论与实践的吻合程度。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of SiNx grown at different nitrogen flow and prediction of refractive index using artificial neural networks 不同氮气流量下生长的氮化硅的特性以及利用人工神经网络预测折射率
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416581
SiNx films were grown on silicon substrates by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition. The effect of nitrogen flow on the structural and optical properties of the obtained films was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and spectroscopic ellipsometer, respectively. XRD spectra of the films showed that all films belong to amorphous structure. SEM photographs of SiNx films were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the surfaces of the films had a homogeneous and smooth structure as the nitrogen flow increased. The total and diffuse reflectance spectra of the films were measured and the energy band gaps of the films were determined using the Kubelka-Munk function by using the diffuse reflectance. It was observed that the energy band gap changed as the nitrogen percentage increased. The refractive index of all films was obtained as a function of temperature using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. In the second part of this study, we focused on predicting the temperature dependent refractive indices of the nitrogen flow-dependent films using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). For the training of the ANN model, wavelength and temperature values from experimental data were used as input and refractive index as output parameters. The simulation and prediction results obtained from this model are compared with the experimental data and interpreted. It is concluded that the ANN approach is suitable for simulating and predicting the temperature dependent refractive index. The models successfully trained with ANN will be especially preferred for predicting the refractive indices of SiNx films, which cannot be measured experimentally, thus providing predictions in non-experimental ranges. In particular, the results obtained by focusing on the ability of the developed artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict the optical properties of SiNx films and their potential to provide information in non-experimental conditions, offer a new approach to quickly and effectively evaluate the optical properties of SiNx films. This approach reveals the importance of artificial intelligence-based methods in materials characterization studies.
通过射频(RF)磁控溅射沉积法在硅基底上生长了氮化硅薄膜。使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和椭偏仪分别研究了氮气流对薄膜结构和光学特性的影响。薄膜的 X 射线衍射光谱显示,所有薄膜都属于无定形结构。对 SiNx 薄膜的扫描电镜照片进行了分析。分析结果表明,随着氮气流量的增加,薄膜表面呈现出均匀光滑的结构。测量了薄膜的全反射和漫反射光谱,并利用漫反射利用库伯卡-蒙克函数确定了薄膜的能带隙。结果表明,能带隙随着氮比例的增加而变化。使用分光椭偏仪获得了所有薄膜的折射率与温度的函数关系。在本研究的第二部分,我们重点使用人工神经网络(ANN)预测氮气流动相关薄膜随温度变化的折射率。在训练 ANN 模型时,实验数据中的波长和温度值被用作输入参数,折射率被用作输出参数。该模型获得的模拟和预测结果与实验数据进行了比较和解释。结论是,ANN 方法适用于模拟和预测随温度变化的折射率。在预测无法通过实验测量的 SiNx 薄膜的折射率时,使用 ANN 成功训练的模型将尤其受到青睐,从而提供非实验范围内的预测结果。特别是,通过关注所开发的人工神经网络(ANN)模型预测氮化硅薄膜光学特性的能力及其在非实验条件下提供信息的潜力而获得的结果,为快速有效地评估氮化硅薄膜的光学特性提供了一种新方法。这种方法揭示了基于人工智能的方法在材料表征研究中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Spin-torque vortex-oscillator with modified saturation magnetization in ferromagnetic nanodots 铁磁纳米点中具有修正饱和磁化的自旋力矩涡旋振荡器
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416579
Recent years have seen greater interest in manipulating vortex states in magnetic nanostructures for non-volatile memory and logic networks. We show how reducing saturation magnetization locally in ferromagnetic thick nanodot vortex-based spin-torque nano-oscillators modulates their frequency using micromagnetic simulations. When a spin-polarized current and a static in-plane magnetic field are applied to the vortex core of an isolated thick nanodot, the uniform gyrotropic modes and the first higher-order gyrotropic mode resonate at different frequencies in various saturation magnetization areas. The intensity of the first higher-order mode gets almost suppressed in areas with modified saturation magnetization. With linewidths ranging from 25 to 70 MHz with the considered dimensions, these small spin-torque vortex-oscillator devices made of thick Permalloy nanodots seem promising for use in gigahertz signal processing. Our study suggests that locally modifying saturation magnetization may be a cost-effective technique to build dense oscillator and array networks for neuromorphic computing without lithographical fabrication stages.
近年来,人们对操纵磁性纳米结构中的涡旋态以实现非易失性存储器和逻辑网络越来越感兴趣。我们通过微磁模拟展示了如何局部降低铁磁性厚纳米点涡旋型自旋力矩纳米振荡器的饱和磁化,从而调制其频率。当对孤立厚纳米点的涡旋核心施加自旋极化电流和静态面内磁场时,在不同的饱和磁化区域,均匀陀螺回转模式和第一高阶陀螺回转模式会产生不同频率的共振。在饱和磁化改变的区域,第一高阶模式的强度几乎被抑制。在所考虑的尺寸下,这些由厚坡莫合金纳米点制成的小型自旋力矩涡旋振荡器器件的线宽范围为 25 到 70 MHz,似乎很有希望用于千兆赫信号处理。我们的研究表明,局部改变饱和磁化可能是一种经济有效的技术,可用于构建神经形态计算所需的密集振荡器和阵列网络,而无需平版印刷制造阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring magnetic behavior and compensation temperatures in spherical and hemispherical lattices: A Monte Carlo study 探索球形和半球形晶格中的磁行为和补偿温度:蒙特卡罗研究
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416575
The magnetic behavior of spherical and hemispherical lattices under various conditions was insufficiently understood prior to this study, particularly about the influence of ferrimagnetic coupling parameters, external magnetic and crystal fields on the compensation and blocking temperatures. In current study Monte Carlo simulations provide new insight into how these factors affect the magnetic properties of spherical and hemispherical lattices, revealing critical size-related effects and dependencies. This study offers key insights into the magnetic properties of spherical and hemispherical lattices, critical for advancing magnetic materials in future nanotechnologies. The ferrimagnetic system studied, hold promise for applications such as MRI, cancer therapy, and next-generation memories, enhancing nanoscale sensor precision and driving progress in data storage and device miniaturization.
在这项研究之前,人们对球形和半球形晶格在各种条件下的磁性行为了解不够,特别是铁磁耦合参数、外部磁场和晶体场对补偿和阻挡温度的影响。在本研究中,蒙特卡洛模拟为我们提供了新的视角,揭示了这些因素如何影响球形和半球形晶格的磁性能,并揭示了与尺寸相关的关键效应和依赖关系。这项研究提供了有关球形和半球形晶格磁性能的重要见解,这对未来纳米技术中磁性材料的发展至关重要。所研究的铁磁系统有望应用于核磁共振成像、癌症治疗和下一代存储器等领域,提高纳米级传感器的精度,推动数据存储和设备微型化的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Effective particles in a multishell nanostructure with hardcore 硬核多壳纳米结构中的有效粒子
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416564
In-medium effective carriers with position-dependent mass in a multishell heterostructure are analytically studied. We obtain the exact spectrum of three-dimensional bound eigenstates and the scattering wave-functions for several von Roos ordering classes. Ascribing a continuously varying mass to the carriers in a multilayer type spherical system we use our solutions to compute optical properties such as the absorption coefficients and refraction indices of a nanometric heterostructure. We analyze in detail the case of a GaAs/AGaAs alloy and show how these results depend on the ordering class of the kinetic Hamiltonian.
我们对多壳异质结构中质量随位置变化的中间有效载流子进行了分析研究。我们得到了三维束缚特征状态的精确频谱以及几种 von Roos 排序的散射波函数。在多层型球形系统中,载流子的质量是连续变化的,我们利用我们的解决方案来计算纳米异质结构的吸收系数和折射率等光学特性。我们详细分析了 GaAs/AℓGaAs 合金的情况,并展示了这些结果如何取决于动力学哈密顿的有序类别。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the motion and deformation of water-in-oil emulsion droplets under the action of an electric field 油包水乳液液滴在电场作用下的运动和变形分析
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416569
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the aggregation dynamics of water-in-oil emulsion droplets under an electric field, and to analyze the effects of electric field strength, type, droplet position, and ionic concentration on their kinematic properties. The best droplet aggregation is observed at E = 0.03V/Å for DC field condition, and E = 0.045V/Å - 80ps for rectangular AC field condition. The rectangular alternating current (AC) field is able to merge the droplets farther away from the center of mass, but the two fields are not able to merge when the angle between the center of mass of the droplets and the electric field force is ≥ 35.54°. For different ion concentrations, t40N < t20N < t60N < t0N in the DC field and t20N < t40N < t0N < t60N in the rectangular AC field, and for the same ion concentration, the rectangular AC field takes longer time to merge.
利用分子动力学模拟研究了油包水乳液液滴在电场下的聚集动力学,并分析了电场强度、类型、液滴位置和离子浓度对其运动特性的影响。在直流电场条件下,E = 0.03V/Å 时液滴聚集效果最佳;在矩形交流电场条件下,E = 0.045V/Å - 80ps 时液滴聚集效果最佳。矩形交流电场能使离质心较远的液滴聚合,但当液滴质心与电场力的夹角≥ 35.54°时,两种电场无法聚合。对于不同的离子浓度,直流电场为 t40N < t20N < t60N < t0N,矩形交流电场为 t20N < t40N < t0N < t60N。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate and efficient analytical simulation of free vibration for embedded nonlocal CNTRC beams with general boundary conditions 对具有一般边界条件的嵌入式非局部 CNTRC 梁的自由振动进行精确高效的分析模拟
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416556
This study aims to evaluate the free vibrational response of embedded restrained nanobeams enriched by nanocomposites based on an exact Fourier series approach. In order to capture the small-scale effects on the dynamical response, Eringen's differential form of nonlocal elasticity is used which employs a scale (nonlocal) parameter. Within the framework of Rayleigh and Bernoulli-Euler beam theories, including the effect of nonlocality and employing the Fourier sine series together with Stokes' transformation, systems of linear equations are obtained and solved using the coefficient matrices. The combined effects of elastic boundary conditions, elastic foundation, dispersion patterns and volume fractions of carbon nanotubes, and nonlocal parameter are examined by solving eigenvalue problems constructed with Fourier infinite series. Free vibration frequencies are calculated for carbon nanotube-reinforced nanobeams under different rigid or restrained boundary conditions, including Winkler-Pasternak type elastic foundation. A comprehensive parametric study is performed, focusing on various effects for the free vibrational response of the composite nanobeam reinforced with carbon nanotubes. It is concluded that adding a small amount of carbon nanotube material can reinforce the stiffness of the composite nanobeam, and its free vibration performance is significantly affected by the distribution patterns, elastic medium, and boundary conditions.
本研究旨在基于精确傅里叶级数法评估由纳米复合材料填充的嵌入约束纳米梁的自由振动响应。为了捕捉动态响应中的小尺度效应,采用了艾林根的非局部弹性微分形式,其中使用了尺度(非局部)参数。在瑞利和伯努利-欧勒梁理论的框架内,包括非局部性的影响,并采用傅里叶正弦级数和斯托克斯变换,得到线性方程组,并使用系数矩阵求解。通过求解用傅里叶无穷级数构造的特征值问题,研究了弹性边界条件、弹性基础、碳纳米管的分散模式和体积分数以及非局部参数的综合影响。计算了碳纳米管增强纳米梁在不同刚性或约束边界条件(包括 Winkler-Pasternak 型弹性地基)下的自由振动频率。针对碳纳米管增强复合纳米梁自由振动响应的各种影响,进行了全面的参数研究。研究得出的结论是,添加少量碳纳米管材料可以增强复合纳米梁的刚度,其自由振动性能受到分布模式、弹性介质和边界条件的显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Monte Carlo simulations unveil magnetic differences in honeycomb, kagome, and triangular nanolattices 蒙特卡洛模拟揭示蜂巢、卡戈梅和三角形纳米晶格的磁性差异
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416566
Monte Carlo simulations reveal distinct magnetic behaviors in honeycomb, kagome, and triangular nanolattices, crucial for magnetic material development. The honeycomb nanolattice shows the earliest magnetization decline, followed by the kagome and triangular nanolattices, due to differences in atomic arrangement and geometry. Increasing the linear coupling interaction (J), biquadratic coupling interaction (K), and external magnetic field raises the blocking temperature, while a higher crystal field (∣D∣) lowers it. These findings are pivotal for optimizing magnetic stability and behavior in applications like magnetic storage, sensors, and nanotechnologies.
蒙特卡洛模拟揭示了蜂窝状、卡戈米状和三角形纳米晶格中截然不同的磁性行为,这对磁性材料的开发至关重要。由于原子排列和几何形状的不同,蜂窝状纳米晶格显示出最早的磁化衰退,其次是卡戈米纳米晶格和三角形纳米晶格。增加线性耦合相互作用(J)、二次耦合相互作用(K)和外磁场会提高阻挡温度,而较高的晶体场(∣D∣)会降低阻挡温度。这些发现对于优化磁存储、传感器和纳米技术等应用中的磁稳定性和磁行为至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Spin-wave resonance frequency and quantum fluctuation of the (anti)ferri-(anti)ferrimagnetic double-layer superlattice 反)铁磁-(反)铁磁双层超晶格的自旋波共振频率和量子波动
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416565
The Hamiltonian of a four-sublattice simple cubic superlattice was solved by applying the linear spin-wave theory and the retarded Green's function technique. This study focused on the spin-wave resonance frequency, energy gap, sublattice magnetization, and quantum fluctuations of the system. The results show that the spin quantum number, interlayer (intralayer) exchange couplings, and intralayer anisotropy have a significant influence. In the ground state, the magnetizations of the sublattices are smaller than their spin quantum numbers, indicating the existence of quantum zero-point vibrations in the (anti)ferrimagnetic-(anti)ferrimagnetic bilayer system.
应用线性自旋波理论和迟滞格林函数技术求解了四亚晶格简单立方超晶格的哈密顿方程。研究重点是体系的自旋波共振频率、能隙、子晶格磁化和量子波动。结果表明,自旋量子数、层间(层内)交换耦合和层内各向异性具有重要影响。在基态,子晶格的磁化率小于它们的自旋量子数,这表明(反)铁磁-(反)铁磁双层体系中存在量子零点振动。
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引用次数: 0
A new approach to the preparation of CdMoO4 nanopowders with methylene blue oxidation activity evaluation 制备具有亚甲基蓝氧化活性评估功能的 CdMoO4 纳米粉体的新方法
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2024.416574
The scheelite-type CdMoO4 nanopowders were prepared through calcination of an oxalate precursor in static air at 500 °C for 2h. The oxalate precursor was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The as-synthesized cadmium molybdate was characterized by Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Its catalytic activity was tested by the oxidation reaction of methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The obtained results showed that CdMoO4 nanopowders have very high catalytic activity with a yield of 98 % during a period of 2h under alkaline conditions at pH 11.
白钨矿型 CdMoO4 纳米粉是通过在 500 °C 的静态空气中煅烧草酸盐前驱体 2 小时制备的。草酸盐前驱体通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TGA)进行分析。拉曼光谱(RS)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)对合成的钼酸镉进行了表征。在过氧化氢存在下,通过亚甲基蓝(MB)染料的氧化反应测试了其催化活性。结果表明,CdMoO4 纳米粉体具有极高的催化活性,在 pH 值为 11 的碱性条件下,2 小时内的产率高达 98%。
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引用次数: 0
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Physica B-condensed Matter
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