Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121363
Peng Liu, Jian Li, Tuan Hua, He Zhang
When a missile-borne pulsed laser forward detection system flies at supersonic speed, the laser beam will be distorted by the uneven outflow field, resulting in a significant reduction in ranging accuracy. In this paper, the impact of high flight speed on a pulsed laser detection system is studied. First, a new ray tracing method with adaptive step size adjustment is proposed, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. Second, the aerodynamic environment of a munition flying at high speed is simulated by an intermittent transonic and supersonic wind tunnel to obtain the schlieren data of the flow field at various Mach numbers. The schlieren data present a shock wave structure similar to that of the simulation. In addition, the variation patterns of the pulsed laser echo waveform of the model under different aerodynamic conditions are studied to evaluate the detectability and operational stability of the laser detection system under static conditions. The test results match the simulation results well, and the two offer relatively consistent shock wave structures, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the flow field simulation model. The test echo waveforms are in good agreement with the simulated echo waveforms; the relative errors between the peak values of test and simulated echo waveforms at various Mach numbers do not exceed 20%, and the correlation coefficients between the test and simulated echo waveforms all exceed 0.7, indicating high correlations between the two.
{"title":"Simulation Test of The Aerodynamic Environment of A Missile-Borne Pulsed Laser Forward Detection System at High Flight Speed","authors":"Peng Liu, Jian Li, Tuan Hua, He Zhang","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121363","url":null,"abstract":"When a missile-borne pulsed laser forward detection system flies at supersonic speed, the laser beam will be distorted by the uneven outflow field, resulting in a significant reduction in ranging accuracy. In this paper, the impact of high flight speed on a pulsed laser detection system is studied. First, a new ray tracing method with adaptive step size adjustment is proposed, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. Second, the aerodynamic environment of a munition flying at high speed is simulated by an intermittent transonic and supersonic wind tunnel to obtain the schlieren data of the flow field at various Mach numbers. The schlieren data present a shock wave structure similar to that of the simulation. In addition, the variation patterns of the pulsed laser echo waveform of the model under different aerodynamic conditions are studied to evaluate the detectability and operational stability of the laser detection system under static conditions. The test results match the simulation results well, and the two offer relatively consistent shock wave structures, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the flow field simulation model. The test echo waveforms are in good agreement with the simulated echo waveforms; the relative errors between the peak values of test and simulated echo waveforms at various Mach numbers do not exceed 20%, and the correlation coefficients between the test and simulated echo waveforms all exceed 0.7, indicating high correlations between the two.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"222 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a genetic least mean square (GLMS) method is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of acoustic signal reconstruction in a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry system. The raw demodulated signal is processed via applying the least mean square criterion. The SNR of the processed signal was calculated and served as the objective function in the fitness evaluation procedure. The genetic operations of the population selection, crossover, and mutation are sequentially performed and repeated until the suspensive condition is reached. Through multiple iterations, the GLMS method continuously optimized the population to find the optimal solution. Experimental results demonstrate that the SNR is substantially improved by 14.37–23.60 dB in the monotonic scale audio signal test from 60 to 1000 Hz. Furthermore, the improvement of the phase reconstruction of a human voice audio signal is also validated by exploiting the proposed GLMS method.
{"title":"Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement for Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry Using a Genetic Least Mean Square Method","authors":"Xin Liu, Zhihua Liu, Xiaoxu Zhou, Yu Wang, Qing Bai, Bao-quan Jin","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121362","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a genetic least mean square (GLMS) method is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of acoustic signal reconstruction in a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry system. The raw demodulated signal is processed via applying the least mean square criterion. The SNR of the processed signal was calculated and served as the objective function in the fitness evaluation procedure. The genetic operations of the population selection, crossover, and mutation are sequentially performed and repeated until the suspensive condition is reached. Through multiple iterations, the GLMS method continuously optimized the population to find the optimal solution. Experimental results demonstrate that the SNR is substantially improved by 14.37–23.60 dB in the monotonic scale audio signal test from 60 to 1000 Hz. Furthermore, the improvement of the phase reconstruction of a human voice audio signal is also validated by exploiting the proposed GLMS method.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-09DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121360
Shuai Wang, Gang Yuan, Kun-Peng Wang, Guang-De Sun, Lei Liu, Ling Li, Bing Zhang, Lin Quan
The small number of pixels in the current linear mode avalanche photodiode (LM-APD) array limits its three-dimensional (3D) imaging resolution. We use an optical phased array-based beam array subdivided pixel method to improve the 3D imaging resolution, using an optical phased array to generate a beam array with the same number of pixels as the LM-APD array and matching positions and controlling each sub-beam in the beam array to scan in the field of view of the corresponding pixel. The sub-beam divergence angle in the beam array is smaller than the instantaneous field of view angle of a single pixel in the LM-APD array. The sub-beam scanning in a single pixel’s field of view realizes the multiple acquisition of the target 3D information by the LM-APD array, thus improving the resolution of the LM-APD array. The distribution of the beam array in the far field is simulated, and the main performance parameters of 3D imaging are analyzed. Finally, a liquid crystal phase modulator is used as an optical phased array device to conduct experiments on a target 20 m away, and the results prove that our method can improve the resolution from 4 × 4 to 8 × 8, which can be improved at least four times.
{"title":"Optical Phased Array-Based Laser Beam Array Subdivide Pixel Method for Improving Three-Dimensional Imaging Resolution","authors":"Shuai Wang, Gang Yuan, Kun-Peng Wang, Guang-De Sun, Lei Liu, Ling Li, Bing Zhang, Lin Quan","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121360","url":null,"abstract":"The small number of pixels in the current linear mode avalanche photodiode (LM-APD) array limits its three-dimensional (3D) imaging resolution. We use an optical phased array-based beam array subdivided pixel method to improve the 3D imaging resolution, using an optical phased array to generate a beam array with the same number of pixels as the LM-APD array and matching positions and controlling each sub-beam in the beam array to scan in the field of view of the corresponding pixel. The sub-beam divergence angle in the beam array is smaller than the instantaneous field of view angle of a single pixel in the LM-APD array. The sub-beam scanning in a single pixel’s field of view realizes the multiple acquisition of the target 3D information by the LM-APD array, thus improving the resolution of the LM-APD array. The distribution of the beam array in the far field is simulated, and the main performance parameters of 3D imaging are analyzed. Finally, a liquid crystal phase modulator is used as an optical phased array device to conduct experiments on a target 20 m away, and the results prove that our method can improve the resolution from 4 × 4 to 8 × 8, which can be improved at least four times.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-09DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121361
S. Savenkov, Y. Oberemok, I. Kolomiets, R. Muttiah
In this paper, Mueller polarimetry is applied to study the three groups of common barley leaf samples (Hordeum vulgare) in the visible spectrum (λ = 632.8 nm): Chlorina mutant, Chlorina etiolated mutant and Cesaer varieties. These samples differed in internal leaf structure from genetic mutation or by illumination during growth. Our main concern is to discriminate and characterize these three groups of leaf samples by depolarization metrics: degree of polarization (DoP), average degree of polarization (Average DoP), depolarization index (DI(M)), and Q(M) and R(M) metrics. The results obtained show that all depolarization metrics are sensitive to the sample’s polarization properties. The most effective observable is the Q(M) metric in both forward and backward scattering. The DoP metric showed presence of depolarization anisotropy, which is significantly different for forward and backward scattering for all three groups of samples. Dichroism is observed for both forward and backward scattering, with lower dichroism in forward scattering.
{"title":"Mueller-Polarimetry of Barley Leaves I: Depolarization Metrics","authors":"S. Savenkov, Y. Oberemok, I. Kolomiets, R. Muttiah","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121361","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Mueller polarimetry is applied to study the three groups of common barley leaf samples (Hordeum vulgare) in the visible spectrum (λ = 632.8 nm): Chlorina mutant, Chlorina etiolated mutant and Cesaer varieties. These samples differed in internal leaf structure from genetic mutation or by illumination during growth. Our main concern is to discriminate and characterize these three groups of leaf samples by depolarization metrics: degree of polarization (DoP), average degree of polarization (Average DoP), depolarization index (DI(M)), and Q(M) and R(M) metrics. The results obtained show that all depolarization metrics are sensitive to the sample’s polarization properties. The most effective observable is the Q(M) metric in both forward and backward scattering. The DoP metric showed presence of depolarization anisotropy, which is significantly different for forward and backward scattering for all three groups of samples. Dichroism is observed for both forward and backward scattering, with lower dichroism in forward scattering.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"564 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121356
Xuyao Zhang, Shuo Wang, Jinhong Liu, Jinze Wu, Jinhong Li
Spin-Hall effect (SHE) of light is one of the main manifestations of the spin-orbit interaction of photons, and has been extensively studied for optical beams with homogeneous polarization. Here, we present a theoretical study of the SHE of cylindrical vector vortex beams (CVVBs) possessing inhomogeneous polarization. We derive the analytical expressions of the SHE of CVVBs reflected and refracted at a dielectric interface with radial and azimuthal polarization of incidence. The spin-dependent shifts of the SHE of light linearly depend on the topological charge of the CVVBs. In contrast to the conventional SHE of horizontally or vertically polarized beams, the SHE shifts of the CVVBs are asymmetrical when the topological charge is nonzero. This asymmetry results in the transverse Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts that are proportional to the topological charge. Furthermore, based on weak measurement, we propose an experimental scheme to enhance the SHE and related IF shifts with proper pre- and post-selection polarization states. Our results advance the study of the SHE of structured light and may find applications in SHE-based techniques such as precision measurement.
{"title":"Spin-Hall Effect of Cylindrical Vector Vortex Beams","authors":"Xuyao Zhang, Shuo Wang, Jinhong Liu, Jinze Wu, Jinhong Li","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121356","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-Hall effect (SHE) of light is one of the main manifestations of the spin-orbit interaction of photons, and has been extensively studied for optical beams with homogeneous polarization. Here, we present a theoretical study of the SHE of cylindrical vector vortex beams (CVVBs) possessing inhomogeneous polarization. We derive the analytical expressions of the SHE of CVVBs reflected and refracted at a dielectric interface with radial and azimuthal polarization of incidence. The spin-dependent shifts of the SHE of light linearly depend on the topological charge of the CVVBs. In contrast to the conventional SHE of horizontally or vertically polarized beams, the SHE shifts of the CVVBs are asymmetrical when the topological charge is nonzero. This asymmetry results in the transverse Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts that are proportional to the topological charge. Furthermore, based on weak measurement, we propose an experimental scheme to enhance the SHE and related IF shifts with proper pre- and post-selection polarization states. Our results advance the study of the SHE of structured light and may find applications in SHE-based techniques such as precision measurement.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"46 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121357
T. Qu, Zhiming Zhao, Yan Zhang, Jiaji Wu, Zhensen Wu
Due to its orbital angular momentum (OAM), optical vortex has been widely used in communications and LIDAR target detection. The OAM mode recognition based on deep learning is mostly based on the basic convolutional neural network. To ensure high-precision OAM state detection, a deeper network structure is required to overcome the problem of similar light intensity distribution of different superimposed vortex beams and the effect of atmospheric turbulence disturbance. However, the large number of parameters and the computation of the OAM state detection network conflict with the requirements of deploying optical communication system equipment. In this paper, an online knowledge distillation scheme is selected to achieve an end-to-end single-stage training and the inter-class dark knowledge of similar modes are fully utilized. An optical vortex OAM state detection technique based on deep mutual learning (DML) is proposed. The simulation results show that after mutual learning training, a small detection network with higher accuracy can be obtained, which is more suitable for terminal deployment. Based on the scalability of the number of networks in the DML queue, it provides a new possibility to further improve the detection accuracy of the optical communication.
{"title":"Deep Mutual Learning-Based Mode Recognition of Orbital Angular Momentum","authors":"T. Qu, Zhiming Zhao, Yan Zhang, Jiaji Wu, Zhensen Wu","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121357","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its orbital angular momentum (OAM), optical vortex has been widely used in communications and LIDAR target detection. The OAM mode recognition based on deep learning is mostly based on the basic convolutional neural network. To ensure high-precision OAM state detection, a deeper network structure is required to overcome the problem of similar light intensity distribution of different superimposed vortex beams and the effect of atmospheric turbulence disturbance. However, the large number of parameters and the computation of the OAM state detection network conflict with the requirements of deploying optical communication system equipment. In this paper, an online knowledge distillation scheme is selected to achieve an end-to-end single-stage training and the inter-class dark knowledge of similar modes are fully utilized. An optical vortex OAM state detection technique based on deep mutual learning (DML) is proposed. The simulation results show that after mutual learning training, a small detection network with higher accuracy can be obtained, which is more suitable for terminal deployment. Based on the scalability of the number of networks in the DML queue, it provides a new possibility to further improve the detection accuracy of the optical communication.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"165 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121359
R. Larichev, Yuri V. Filatov
The significance of an autocollimator in angular metrology cannot be overestimated: in many countries, it is either included as part of the primary plane angle standard or is involved in transferring the unit of plane angle from this standard to less accurate measuring instruments. This paper presents a historical overview of the problems encountered when using an autocollimator in angular metrology, as well as of proposed solutions. Not for the first time, the problem of the theoretical definition of the angle being measured between surfaces that are not perfectly flat is raised. In addition, the authors attempt to compile a complete list of factors affecting angular measurements using an autocollimator and to build a model that allows some of these factors to be taken into account for a subsequent algorithmic compensation of their influence. To assess the level of accuracy of angular measurements at which the use of the proposed model is reasonable, a simplified simulation example is presented. In an attempt to confirm the validity of the proposed model, a corresponding analysis of experimental data is provided. The applicability and limitations of the proposed model are discussed in the conclusion.
{"title":"A Model of Angle Measurement Using an Autocollimator and Optical Polygon","authors":"R. Larichev, Yuri V. Filatov","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121359","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of an autocollimator in angular metrology cannot be overestimated: in many countries, it is either included as part of the primary plane angle standard or is involved in transferring the unit of plane angle from this standard to less accurate measuring instruments. This paper presents a historical overview of the problems encountered when using an autocollimator in angular metrology, as well as of proposed solutions. Not for the first time, the problem of the theoretical definition of the angle being measured between surfaces that are not perfectly flat is raised. In addition, the authors attempt to compile a complete list of factors affecting angular measurements using an autocollimator and to build a model that allows some of these factors to be taken into account for a subsequent algorithmic compensation of their influence. To assess the level of accuracy of angular measurements at which the use of the proposed model is reasonable, a simplified simulation example is presented. In an attempt to confirm the validity of the proposed model, a corresponding analysis of experimental data is provided. The applicability and limitations of the proposed model are discussed in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121358
A. S. Rao
We provide a simple analysis based on ray optics and Dirac notation for 1D (one-dimensional) and 2D (two-dimensional) non-diffracting modes in the cosine profile, which are often called Cosine beams. We explore various kinds of structured modes formed by the superposition of two 1D Cosine beams. We then went on to understand the properties of the Bessel beams in terms of Cosine beams. For the first time, we report on the generation of three-dimensional tunable needle structures based on the interference of 1D Cosine beams. These size-tunable optical needles can have multiple advantages in material processing. Also, we report, for the first time, on the Talbot effect in Cosine beams. Straightforward mathematical calculations are used to derive analytical expressions for Cosine beams. The present method of demonstrating Cosine beams may be utilized to understand other structured modes. The Dirac notation-based interference explanation used here can provide new researchers with an easy way to understand the wave nature of light in a fundamental aspect of interferometric experiments as well as in advanced-level experiments such as beam engineering technology, imaging, particle manipulation, light sheet microscopy, and light–matter interaction. We also provide an in-depth analysis of similarities among Cosine, Bessel, and Hermite–Gaussian beams.
{"title":"An Intriguing Interpretation of 1D and 2D Non-Diffracting Modes in Cosine Profile","authors":"A. S. Rao","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121358","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a simple analysis based on ray optics and Dirac notation for 1D (one-dimensional) and 2D (two-dimensional) non-diffracting modes in the cosine profile, which are often called Cosine beams. We explore various kinds of structured modes formed by the superposition of two 1D Cosine beams. We then went on to understand the properties of the Bessel beams in terms of Cosine beams. For the first time, we report on the generation of three-dimensional tunable needle structures based on the interference of 1D Cosine beams. These size-tunable optical needles can have multiple advantages in material processing. Also, we report, for the first time, on the Talbot effect in Cosine beams. Straightforward mathematical calculations are used to derive analytical expressions for Cosine beams. The present method of demonstrating Cosine beams may be utilized to understand other structured modes. The Dirac notation-based interference explanation used here can provide new researchers with an easy way to understand the wave nature of light in a fundamental aspect of interferometric experiments as well as in advanced-level experiments such as beam engineering technology, imaging, particle manipulation, light sheet microscopy, and light–matter interaction. We also provide an in-depth analysis of similarities among Cosine, Bessel, and Hermite–Gaussian beams.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"91 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121353
Polina S. Tseregorodtseva, G. Budylin, Nadezhda V. Zlobina, Zare A. Gevorkyan, Daria A. Filatova, Daria A. Tsigura, A. G. Armaganov, Andrey A. Strigunov, Olga Y. Nesterova, David M. Kamalov, Elizaveta V. Afanasyevskaya, E. Mershina, Nikolay I. Sorokin, V. Sinitsyn, A. Kamalov, E. Shirshin
This study explores the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy for real-time kidney stone identification during laser lithotripsy. Traditional methods are not suitable for in situ analysis, so the research focuses on optical techniques that can be integrated with lithotripsy fibers. Experiments were conducted ex vivo, using DRS and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy (emission–excitation matrix (EEM)) to distinguish between 48 urinary stones of three types: urate, oxalate and hydroxyapatite, with infrared spectroscopy as a reference. A classification model was developed based on EEM and DRS data. Initial classification relying solely on EEM data achieved an f1-score of 87%, which increased to 92% when DRS data were included. The findings suggest that optical spectroscopy can effectively determine stone composition during laser lithotripsy, potentially enhancing surgical outcomes via the real-time automatic optimization of laser radiation parameters.
{"title":"Multiwavelength Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for an In Situ Analysis of Kidney Stones","authors":"Polina S. Tseregorodtseva, G. Budylin, Nadezhda V. Zlobina, Zare A. Gevorkyan, Daria A. Filatova, Daria A. Tsigura, A. G. Armaganov, Andrey A. Strigunov, Olga Y. Nesterova, David M. Kamalov, Elizaveta V. Afanasyevskaya, E. Mershina, Nikolay I. Sorokin, V. Sinitsyn, A. Kamalov, E. Shirshin","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121353","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy for real-time kidney stone identification during laser lithotripsy. Traditional methods are not suitable for in situ analysis, so the research focuses on optical techniques that can be integrated with lithotripsy fibers. Experiments were conducted ex vivo, using DRS and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy (emission–excitation matrix (EEM)) to distinguish between 48 urinary stones of three types: urate, oxalate and hydroxyapatite, with infrared spectroscopy as a reference. A classification model was developed based on EEM and DRS data. Initial classification relying solely on EEM data achieved an f1-score of 87%, which increased to 92% when DRS data were included. The findings suggest that optical spectroscopy can effectively determine stone composition during laser lithotripsy, potentially enhancing surgical outcomes via the real-time automatic optimization of laser radiation parameters.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"48 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.3390/photonics10121354
Andrey P. Tarasov, A. Ismailov, M. Gadzhiev, I. Venevtsev, A. Muslimov, I. Volchkov, Samira R. Aidamirova, Alexandr S. Tyuftyaev, Andrey V. Butashin, V. Kanevsky
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structural-phase composition, morphology, optical, luminescent, and scintillation characteristics of thick ZnO films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. By using a hot ceramic target, extremely rapid growth (~50 µm/h) of ZnO microfilms more than 100 µm thick was performed, which is an advantage for the industrial production of scintillation detectors. The effects of post-growth treatment of the fabricated films in low-temperature plasma were studied and a significant improvement in their crystalline and optical quality was shown. As a result, the films exhibit intense near-band-edge luminescence in the near-UV region with a decay time of <1 ns. Plasma treatment also allowed to significantly weaken the visible defect luminescence excited in the near-surface regions of the films. A study of the luminescence mechanisms in the synthesized films revealed that their near-band-edge emission at room temperature is formed by phonon replicas of free exciton recombination emission. Particularly, the first phonon replica plays the main role in the case of optical excitation, while upon X-ray excitation, the second phonon replica dominates. It was also shown that the green band peaking at ~510 nm (2.43 eV) is due to surface emission centers, while longer wavelength (>550 nm) green-yellow emission originates mainly from bulk parts of the films.
{"title":"Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Luminescent and Scintillation Properties of Thick ZnO Films Fabricated by Sputtering of a Hot Ceramic Target","authors":"Andrey P. Tarasov, A. Ismailov, M. Gadzhiev, I. Venevtsev, A. Muslimov, I. Volchkov, Samira R. Aidamirova, Alexandr S. Tyuftyaev, Andrey V. Butashin, V. Kanevsky","doi":"10.3390/photonics10121354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121354","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structural-phase composition, morphology, optical, luminescent, and scintillation characteristics of thick ZnO films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. By using a hot ceramic target, extremely rapid growth (~50 µm/h) of ZnO microfilms more than 100 µm thick was performed, which is an advantage for the industrial production of scintillation detectors. The effects of post-growth treatment of the fabricated films in low-temperature plasma were studied and a significant improvement in their crystalline and optical quality was shown. As a result, the films exhibit intense near-band-edge luminescence in the near-UV region with a decay time of <1 ns. Plasma treatment also allowed to significantly weaken the visible defect luminescence excited in the near-surface regions of the films. A study of the luminescence mechanisms in the synthesized films revealed that their near-band-edge emission at room temperature is formed by phonon replicas of free exciton recombination emission. Particularly, the first phonon replica plays the main role in the case of optical excitation, while upon X-ray excitation, the second phonon replica dominates. It was also shown that the green band peaking at ~510 nm (2.43 eV) is due to surface emission centers, while longer wavelength (>550 nm) green-yellow emission originates mainly from bulk parts of the films.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":"57 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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