A. Etang, J. Lundvall, E. Osman, Jennifer S. Wistrand
{"title":"Towards a more Inclusive Economy: Understanding the Barriers Sudanese Women and Youth Face in Accessing Employment Opportunities","authors":"A. Etang, J. Lundvall, E. Osman, Jennifer S. Wistrand","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75973130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan: Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches","authors":"A. Etang, S. Touray","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81145093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Mancheño, V. Vuik, Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck, S. Jonkman, Roelof Moll, Swarna Kazi, I. Urrutia, M. van Ledden
{"title":"Wave Reduction by Mangroves during Cyclones in Bangladesh: Implementing Nature-Based Solutions for Coastal Resilience","authors":"A. G. Mancheño, V. Vuik, Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck, S. Jonkman, Roelof Moll, Swarna Kazi, I. Urrutia, M. van Ledden","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81511929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Buehren, Markus Goldstein, Imran Rasul, A. Smurra
{"title":"Legacies of Conflict: Experiences, Self-Efficacy and the Formation of Conditional Trust","authors":"N. Buehren, Markus Goldstein, Imran Rasul, A. Smurra","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study whether providing affordable childcare improves women’s economic empowerment and child development. Our analysis uses data from a sample of women participating in the public works component of a youth employment project in Burkina Faso. Out of 36 work sites, 18 were randomly selected to receive community-based childcare centers, with no childcare provision introduced in the remaining 18. We find that 25% of women offered the childcare centers use them. This triples the use of childcare centers for children aged 0 to 6, demonstrating high unmet demand. Women’s employment outcomes improve and we find positive impacts on financial outcomes and self-reported well-being. Additionally, child development scores increase. However, we find no significant effects on women’s decision-making power, gender attitudes, and intrahousehold division of labor, suggesting the limitations of childcare provision in enhancing women’s empowerment
{"title":"The Effects of Childcare on Women and Children: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Burkina Faso","authors":"Kehinde F. Ajayi, A. Dao, Estelle Koussoubé","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10239","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether providing affordable childcare improves women’s economic empowerment and child development. Our analysis uses data from a sample of women participating in the public works component of a youth employment project in Burkina Faso. Out of 36 work sites, 18 were randomly selected to receive community-based childcare centers, with no childcare provision introduced in the remaining 18. We find that 25% of women offered the childcare centers use them. This triples the use of childcare centers for children aged 0 to 6, demonstrating high unmet demand. Women’s employment outcomes improve and we find positive impacts on financial outcomes and self-reported well-being. Additionally, child development scores increase. However, we find no significant effects on women’s decision-making power, gender attitudes, and intrahousehold division of labor, suggesting the limitations of childcare provision in enhancing women’s empowerment","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87967686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.4922
Anikó Bíró, Réka Branyiczki, A. Lindner, Lili Márk, Dániel Prinz
We study the impact of a large payroll tax cut for both younger and older workers in Hungary. Motivated by the prediction of standard equilibrium job search models, we examine the heterogeneous impact of the policy. Employment increases most at low-productivity firms, which tend to hire from unemployment, while the effects are more muted for high-productivity firms, especially for older workers. At the same time, wages only increase for older workers at high-productivity firms. These results point to important heterogeneity in the incidence of payroll tax subsidies by firm type and highlight that payroll taxes can change the composition of jobs in the labor market. ∗B́ıró: Centre for Economic and Regional Studies (biro.aniko@krtk.hu). Branyiczki: Central European University and Tárki (branyiczki reka@phd.ceu.edu). Lindner: University College London (a.lindner@ucl.ac.uk). Márk: Central European University (mark lili@phd.ceu.edu). Prinz: Institute for Fiscal Studies (daniel.prinz@ifs.org.uk). We thank János Köllő, David Leite, Claire Leroy, David Phillips, Balázs Reizer, Jesse Rothstein, Johannes Spinnewijn, Lajos Szabó, Dario Tortarolo and seminar participants at Georgetown University, Ben-Gurion University, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, the Hungarian Economic Association Annual Conference, the Paris-London Public Economics Virtual Conference, the ZEW Public Finance Conference, the University of Chile, the Virtual Mannheim-Bonn CRC TR 224 Workshop on Labor Markets, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, the Hungarian Institute of Economics Summer Workshop, the Annual Mannheim Taxation Conference, the Annual European Association of Labour Economists Conference, the University of Barcelona, IZA, the Nova School of Business and Economics, the Munich Center for the Economics of Aging, the Hungarian Labor Economics Conference, the University of Oxford, CEU Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, the National Tax Association Annual Conference, the University of Copenhagen, the London School of Economics, the ASSA Annual Meeting, CEU Public Policy, the Stockholm School of Economics, the Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, the Royal Economic Society Annual Conference, and CEU CESS for helpful comments. Ágoston Reguly provided excellent research assistance. B́ıró, Branyiczki and Márk were supported by the “Lendület” program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (grant number: LP2018-2/2018). Lindner and Prinz were supported by the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (grant number: ES/T014334/1). Lindner also acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number: 949995) and from the Economic and Social Research Council (new investigator grant, ES/T008474/1). The administrative database used in this paper is a property of the National Health Insurance Fund Administration, the Central Administration of National
{"title":"Firm heterogeneity and the impact of payroll taxes","authors":"Anikó Bíró, Réka Branyiczki, A. Lindner, Lili Márk, Dániel Prinz","doi":"10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.4922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.4922","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of a large payroll tax cut for both younger and older workers in Hungary. Motivated by the prediction of standard equilibrium job search models, we examine the heterogeneous impact of the policy. Employment increases most at low-productivity firms, which tend to hire from unemployment, while the effects are more muted for high-productivity firms, especially for older workers. At the same time, wages only increase for older workers at high-productivity firms. These results point to important heterogeneity in the incidence of payroll tax subsidies by firm type and highlight that payroll taxes can change the composition of jobs in the labor market. ∗B́ıró: Centre for Economic and Regional Studies (biro.aniko@krtk.hu). Branyiczki: Central European University and Tárki (branyiczki reka@phd.ceu.edu). Lindner: University College London (a.lindner@ucl.ac.uk). Márk: Central European University (mark lili@phd.ceu.edu). Prinz: Institute for Fiscal Studies (daniel.prinz@ifs.org.uk). We thank János Köllő, David Leite, Claire Leroy, David Phillips, Balázs Reizer, Jesse Rothstein, Johannes Spinnewijn, Lajos Szabó, Dario Tortarolo and seminar participants at Georgetown University, Ben-Gurion University, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, the Hungarian Economic Association Annual Conference, the Paris-London Public Economics Virtual Conference, the ZEW Public Finance Conference, the University of Chile, the Virtual Mannheim-Bonn CRC TR 224 Workshop on Labor Markets, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, the Hungarian Institute of Economics Summer Workshop, the Annual Mannheim Taxation Conference, the Annual European Association of Labour Economists Conference, the University of Barcelona, IZA, the Nova School of Business and Economics, the Munich Center for the Economics of Aging, the Hungarian Labor Economics Conference, the University of Oxford, CEU Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, the National Tax Association Annual Conference, the University of Copenhagen, the London School of Economics, the ASSA Annual Meeting, CEU Public Policy, the Stockholm School of Economics, the Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, the Royal Economic Society Annual Conference, and CEU CESS for helpful comments. Ágoston Reguly provided excellent research assistance. B́ıró, Branyiczki and Márk were supported by the “Lendület” program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (grant number: LP2018-2/2018). Lindner and Prinz were supported by the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (grant number: ES/T014334/1). Lindner also acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number: 949995) and from the Economic and Social Research Council (new investigator grant, ES/T008474/1). The administrative database used in this paper is a property of the National Health Insurance Fund Administration, the Central Administration of National","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83240287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charl Jooste, Ted Loch-Temzelides, James Sampi, Hasan Dudu
{"title":"Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Chilean Cities","authors":"Charl Jooste, Ted Loch-Temzelides, James Sampi, Hasan Dudu","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86467211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Abreha, X. Cirera, Roberto N. Fattal Jaef, Hibret Maemir, Elwyn Davies
Abstract This paper uses a novel firm-level dataset andfinds a "missingmiddle" in the employmentbased firm size distribution in four sub-Saharan African countries. This "missing middle" hinges on the inclusion of informal producers, and it is not explained by state or foreign owned firms at the top of the size distribution, nor does it emerge from the size distribution of entrants. We reconcile these empirical results with a model of firm dynamics with endogenous informality, and show that calibrated values of entry barriers and productivity-dependent idiosyncratic distortions generate a "missing middle" that is consistent with its underlying drivers in the data.
{"title":"Deconstructing the Missing Middle: Informality and Growth of Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"K. Abreha, X. Cirera, Roberto N. Fattal Jaef, Hibret Maemir, Elwyn Davies","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper uses a novel firm-level dataset andfinds a \"missingmiddle\" in the employmentbased firm size distribution in four sub-Saharan African countries. This \"missing middle\" hinges on the inclusion of informal producers, and it is not explained by state or foreign owned firms at the top of the size distribution, nor does it emerge from the size distribution of entrants. We reconcile these empirical results with a model of firm dynamics with endogenous informality, and show that calibrated values of entry barriers and productivity-dependent idiosyncratic distortions generate a \"missing middle\" that is consistent with its underlying drivers in the data.","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82896642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
{"title":"An Exploration of Climate-Related Financial Risks for Credit Guarantee Schemes in Europe","authors":"Pietro Calice, H. J. Reinders","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10232","url":null,"abstract":"The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85675647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outlier Detection for Welfare Analysis","authors":"F. Belotti, Giulia Mancini, G. Vecchi","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-10231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20284,"journal":{"name":"Policy Research Working Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74085385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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