Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2571
Shizhao Li, Huixin Wu, T. Tollefsbol
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women in the United States. It is widely appreciated that abnormal epigenetic alterations act as one of the primary contributors to breast cancer initiation and progression. Parental, including maternal and paternal, nutritional interventions have shown considerable impact on fetal development leading to different susceptibility of offspring to various chronic diseases. Moreover, combinatorial dietary administration to parents could be more efficacious in ameliorating epigenetic aberrations and changing cancer risk in an individual9s later life. The bioactive dietary broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenol (GTP) are important epigenetic modulators that can prevent various cancers. Our study focusses on investigating the effect of paternal dietary BSp and GTP administration on mammary cancer prevention of their offspring. Two spontaneous breast cancer transgenic mouse models, C3(1)/SV40 and Her2/neu, were employed in this study. Male C3(1)/SV40 or Her2/neu transgenic mice were randomly assigned into four groups and treated with: control AIN-93G diet, 26% BSp (w/w) in food pellets, 0.5% GTPs (w/v) in drinking water or combined BSp and GTPs from 3 wks of age until 10 wks of age. Treated male mice of different groups were then mated with non-treated female mice. Female pups were selected after their weaning and tumor growth was monitored weekly until the termination of the experiment. Tumor- and epigenetic-related protein expression and histone modifications (methylation and acetylation) were measured. Our study indicated that paternal BSp or/and GTPs administration suppressed tumor growth, decreased tumor incidence, and delayed tumor latency compared with the control in both mouse models. Overall, paternal dietary intervention displayed more efficacy for mammary tumor prevention in C3(1)/SV40 mice and the combination group in this model also showed synergistically effects. Subsequent analysis with the C3(1)/SV40 mouse tumors demonstrated that paternal BSp or/and GTPs treatments upregulated the expression of tumor suppressor proteins, such as P16 and P53, and down-regulated tumor promoting proteins, such as MYC and BMI1. Moreover, altered DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation levels were also observed. These results suggested that paternal exposure to BSp and GTPs may contribute to ER-negative mammary tumor prevention in their offspring through epigenetic regulations and the combined addition of bioactive botanicals could be a more promising approach for coping with breast cancer initiation and progression in humans. Citation Format: Shizhao Li, Huixin Wu, Trygve Tollefsbol. Paternal epigenetic regulation contributes to the prevention of estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer with combined broccoli sprouts and green tea polyphenols consumption in transgenic mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2
{"title":"Abstract 2571: Paternal epigenetic regulation contributes to the prevention of estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer with combined broccoli sprouts and green tea polyphenols consumption in transgenic mice","authors":"Shizhao Li, Huixin Wu, T. Tollefsbol","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2571","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women in the United States. It is widely appreciated that abnormal epigenetic alterations act as one of the primary contributors to breast cancer initiation and progression. Parental, including maternal and paternal, nutritional interventions have shown considerable impact on fetal development leading to different susceptibility of offspring to various chronic diseases. Moreover, combinatorial dietary administration to parents could be more efficacious in ameliorating epigenetic aberrations and changing cancer risk in an individual9s later life. The bioactive dietary broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenol (GTP) are important epigenetic modulators that can prevent various cancers. Our study focusses on investigating the effect of paternal dietary BSp and GTP administration on mammary cancer prevention of their offspring. Two spontaneous breast cancer transgenic mouse models, C3(1)/SV40 and Her2/neu, were employed in this study. Male C3(1)/SV40 or Her2/neu transgenic mice were randomly assigned into four groups and treated with: control AIN-93G diet, 26% BSp (w/w) in food pellets, 0.5% GTPs (w/v) in drinking water or combined BSp and GTPs from 3 wks of age until 10 wks of age. Treated male mice of different groups were then mated with non-treated female mice. Female pups were selected after their weaning and tumor growth was monitored weekly until the termination of the experiment. Tumor- and epigenetic-related protein expression and histone modifications (methylation and acetylation) were measured. Our study indicated that paternal BSp or/and GTPs administration suppressed tumor growth, decreased tumor incidence, and delayed tumor latency compared with the control in both mouse models. Overall, paternal dietary intervention displayed more efficacy for mammary tumor prevention in C3(1)/SV40 mice and the combination group in this model also showed synergistically effects. Subsequent analysis with the C3(1)/SV40 mouse tumors demonstrated that paternal BSp or/and GTPs treatments upregulated the expression of tumor suppressor proteins, such as P16 and P53, and down-regulated tumor promoting proteins, such as MYC and BMI1. Moreover, altered DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation levels were also observed. These results suggested that paternal exposure to BSp and GTPs may contribute to ER-negative mammary tumor prevention in their offspring through epigenetic regulations and the combined addition of bioactive botanicals could be a more promising approach for coping with breast cancer initiation and progression in humans. Citation Format: Shizhao Li, Huixin Wu, Trygve Tollefsbol. Paternal epigenetic regulation contributes to the prevention of estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer with combined broccoli sprouts and green tea polyphenols consumption in transgenic mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87814108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2553
Marlo M. Vernon, Ghadeer Albashir, S. J. Sojourner, J. Moore, S. Looney, M. Tingen
{"title":"Abstract 2553: Using a “train-the-trainer” approach with urban and rural minority community health workers to implement the cancer-Community Awareness Access Research and Education (c-CARE) Project","authors":"Marlo M. Vernon, Ghadeer Albashir, S. J. Sojourner, J. Moore, S. Looney, M. Tingen","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85850290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2560
Alexandra M. Vaiana, Román A. Fernández, J. Gelfond, T. Johnson-Pais, R. Leach, C. Ramamurthy, I. Thompson, D. Morilak
{"title":"Abstract 2560: Plasticity-related signaling pathways in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus as potential targets of the antidepressant vortioxetine in reversing cognitive impairments after androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","authors":"Alexandra M. Vaiana, Román A. Fernández, J. Gelfond, T. Johnson-Pais, R. Leach, C. Ramamurthy, I. Thompson, D. Morilak","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73250300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2580
L. Fan, D. Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, H. Murff, M. Azcarate-Peril, M. Shrubsole, Q. Dai
The obesity epidemic has dramatically increased the type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the US over the past two decades. Previous studies have relatively consistently found individuals with T2D are at increased risks of cancer, including liver and colorectal cancer in which insulin resistance may play an important role. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Metformin, the primary first-line medication for the treatment of T2D, has been shown to improve insulin resistance and be linked to a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recent Cell and Cell metabolism publications identified that imidazole propionate (ImP), a microbial metabolite of histidine, significantly increased in patients with T2D and causally induced insulin resistance in mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance disappeared when ImP was elevated, indicating that ImP plays a key role in developing insulin resistance and resistance to metformin treatment. Our recent work together with a subsequent study from others demonstrated higher magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with a substantially reduced risk of HCC, HCC mortality and mortality from liver diseases. Accumulative evidence, including our prior work, has also linked higher Mg intake to a reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia. Previous studies found that the process of the histidine utilization (Hut) system to metabolize histidine in some bacterial taxa depends on concentrations of divalent metal ion Mg2+. We hypothesize that low availability of Mg2+ in gut microbiota could terminate the Hut system and increase the production of intermediate metabolites, including ImP, over other end products. This will lead to increased levels of ImP in the gut and, in turn, liver and circulation. We tested our hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01105169), a precision-based randomized trial enrolling 240 participants at high risk of Mg deficiency. Among 68 participants (34 treatment/34 placebo), we found that compared to the placebo, Mg treatment significantly reduced ImP by 39.9% compared to a 6.0% increase in the placebo arm after adjustment for baseline ImP (P=0.02). However, we found Mg treatment did not significantly affect the levels of trans-urocanate, the precursor of ImP. Since Mg deficiency leads to insulin resistance and as high as 50% of patients with T2D have hypomagnesemia, Mg deficiency may lead to an increased risk of ImP and, in turn, resistance to metformin which subsequently increases risk of HCC and CRC. Thus, futures studies should evaluate whether the joint use of Mg supplementation and metformin synergistically maximizes the efficacy of metformin and minimizes the treatment resistance on insulin resistance and, subsequently, prevention of HCC and CRC. Citation Format: Lei Fan, Danxia Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, Harvey J. Murff, M. Andr
在过去的二十年里，肥胖的流行极大地增加了美国2型糖尿病(T2D)的患病率。先前的研究相对一致地发现，患有T2D的个体患癌症的风险增加，包括肝癌和结直肠癌，其中胰岛素抵抗可能起重要作用。然而，其机制在很大程度上仍然未知。二甲双胍是治疗T2D的主要一线药物，已被证明可以改善胰岛素抵抗，并与降低肝细胞癌(HCC)和结直肠癌(CRC)的风险有关。最近的两篇Cell和Cell metabolism出版物发现，组氨酸的微生物代谢物咪唑丙酸酯(ImP)在T2D患者中显著增加，并在小鼠中引起胰岛素抵抗。此外，当ImP升高时，二甲双胍对胰岛素抵抗的治疗作用消失，表明ImP在胰岛素抵抗和二甲双胍治疗抵抗中起关键作用。我们最近的工作和其他人随后的研究表明，较高的镁(Mg)摄入量与HCC风险、HCC死亡率和肝脏疾病死亡率的显著降低相关。累积的证据，包括我们之前的工作，也将较高的镁摄入量与降低结直肠肿瘤的风险联系起来。以往的研究发现，在某些细菌类群中，组氨酸利用(Hut)系统代谢组氨酸的过程取决于二价金属离子Mg2+的浓度。我们假设，肠道微生物群中Mg2+的低利用率可能会终止Hut系统，并增加中间代谢物(包括ImP)的产生，而不是其他最终产物。这将导致肠道内ImP水平的增加，进而导致肝脏和血液循环的增加。我们在个体化预防结直肠癌试验(PPCCT)(在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT01105169)中验证了我们的假设，这是一项基于精确的随机试验，招募了240名镁缺乏症高风险参与者。在68名参与者中(34名治疗组/34名安慰剂组)，我们发现与安慰剂组相比，Mg治疗组在调整基线ImP后显着降低了39.9%，而安慰剂组则增加了6.0% (P=0.02)。然而，我们发现Mg治疗并没有显著影响ImP的前体反式尿毒酸的水平。由于Mg缺乏导致胰岛素抵抗，高达50%的T2D患者有低镁血症，Mg缺乏可能导致ImP的风险增加，进而导致对二甲双胍的抵抗，从而增加HCC和CRC的风险。因此，未来的研究应该评估Mg补充剂和二甲双胍联合使用是否能协同最大化二甲双胍的疗效，最小化对胰岛素抵抗的治疗抵抗，从而预防HCC和CRC。引用格式:范磊，于丹霞，朱祥珠，张雪红，黄翔，Harvey J. Murff, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Martha J. Shrubsole，戴琦。镁与二甲双胍预防肝癌和结直肠癌的协同作用[摘要]。见:美国癌症研究协会2021年年会论文集;2021年4月10日至15日和5月17日至21日。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志，2021;81(13 -增刊):2580。
{"title":"Abstract 2580: Synergistic effect of magnesium with metformin for the prevention of liver and colorectal cancer","authors":"L. Fan, D. Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, H. Murff, M. Azcarate-Peril, M. Shrubsole, Q. Dai","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2580","url":null,"abstract":"The obesity epidemic has dramatically increased the type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the US over the past two decades. Previous studies have relatively consistently found individuals with T2D are at increased risks of cancer, including liver and colorectal cancer in which insulin resistance may play an important role. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Metformin, the primary first-line medication for the treatment of T2D, has been shown to improve insulin resistance and be linked to a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recent Cell and Cell metabolism publications identified that imidazole propionate (ImP), a microbial metabolite of histidine, significantly increased in patients with T2D and causally induced insulin resistance in mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance disappeared when ImP was elevated, indicating that ImP plays a key role in developing insulin resistance and resistance to metformin treatment. Our recent work together with a subsequent study from others demonstrated higher magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with a substantially reduced risk of HCC, HCC mortality and mortality from liver diseases. Accumulative evidence, including our prior work, has also linked higher Mg intake to a reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia. Previous studies found that the process of the histidine utilization (Hut) system to metabolize histidine in some bacterial taxa depends on concentrations of divalent metal ion Mg2+. We hypothesize that low availability of Mg2+ in gut microbiota could terminate the Hut system and increase the production of intermediate metabolites, including ImP, over other end products. This will lead to increased levels of ImP in the gut and, in turn, liver and circulation. We tested our hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01105169), a precision-based randomized trial enrolling 240 participants at high risk of Mg deficiency. Among 68 participants (34 treatment/34 placebo), we found that compared to the placebo, Mg treatment significantly reduced ImP by 39.9% compared to a 6.0% increase in the placebo arm after adjustment for baseline ImP (P=0.02). However, we found Mg treatment did not significantly affect the levels of trans-urocanate, the precursor of ImP. Since Mg deficiency leads to insulin resistance and as high as 50% of patients with T2D have hypomagnesemia, Mg deficiency may lead to an increased risk of ImP and, in turn, resistance to metformin which subsequently increases risk of HCC and CRC. Thus, futures studies should evaluate whether the joint use of Mg supplementation and metformin synergistically maximizes the efficacy of metformin and minimizes the treatment resistance on insulin resistance and, subsequently, prevention of HCC and CRC. Citation Format: Lei Fan, Danxia Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, Harvey J. Murff, M. Andr","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73836402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2588
D. Upreti, Susumu Ishiguro, Mayme Loyd, Nicole Robben, P. Cote, Morgan Phillips, Ayaka Nakashima, Kengo Suzuki, J. Comer, M. Tamura
Euglena gracilis, a single-celled alga, is rich in nutrients and thus, used as a nutritional dietary supplement. This alga can be found in both fresh and saltwater and possesses characteristics of both plants and animals. Euglena gracilis extracts have a wide range of medicinal properties including stimulation of anticancer immunity against multiple types of cancers; however, the anticancer mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, a water extract from Euglena gracilis devoid of water-insoluble mature paramylons was evaluated as an anticancer agent against lung carcinoma. Two different extracts were prepared using dried powder from whole Euglena gracilis. First, partially purified water extract (EWE) was prepared by suspending dry powder in PBS and centrifugation at 10,000g for 20 min followed by a filtration using a 0.22µm pore size membrane. Second, boiled EWE (bEWE) was prepared by immersing unfiltered EWE in boiling water for 12 min followed by centrifugation at 10,000g for 10 min and filtration using 0.22µm pore size membrane. Both EWE and bEWE treatments inhibited the growth of lung carcinoma cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, both extracts significantly inhibited the three-dimensional growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the EWE treatment attenuates granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow cell cultures. The in vivo study was conducted using a mouse LLC orthotopic allograft model. Oral administration of EWE and bEWE (100-200 mg/kg/day) three weeks prior to LLC cell inoculation attenuated the tumor growth in the lungs of immunocompetent mice while decreasing the peripheral granulocytes. However, this attenuation was not seen for the extract treatment initiated after LLC cell inoculation. The tumor growth attenuation was more efficient with the bEWE treatment than with EWE treatment. The fecal microbiomes of the mice were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing which revealed that alpha diversity in three groups (EWE, bEWE, and PBS control) was similar, however, the microbial compositions of the EWE- and bEWE-treated mouse groups were more diversified than in the PBS group. Specifically, an increase in the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was observed, and a significant increase in Akkermansia and Muribaculum was detected in EWE- and bEWE- treated mice compared to PBS treated mice. These studies suggest that oral administration of partially purified water extracts from Euglena gracilis altered the intestinal microbiome and the alteration may attenuate host MDSCs, thereby preventing lung carcinoma growth. This study was supported by 2016EUGLENA-RC1 (MT), 2017EUGLENA-RC2 (MT and JC), Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine SMILE award (MT and JC), and NIH grant P20 RR017686 (MT). Citation Format: Deepa Upreti, Susumu Ishiguro, Mayme Loyd, Nicole Robben, Paige Cote, Morgan Phillips, Ayaka Nakashima, Kengo
{"title":"Abstract 2588: Oral administration of water extract fromEuglena gracilisprevents lung carcinoma growth in mice by alteration of intestinal microbiota","authors":"D. Upreti, Susumu Ishiguro, Mayme Loyd, Nicole Robben, P. Cote, Morgan Phillips, Ayaka Nakashima, Kengo Suzuki, J. Comer, M. Tamura","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2588","url":null,"abstract":"Euglena gracilis, a single-celled alga, is rich in nutrients and thus, used as a nutritional dietary supplement. This alga can be found in both fresh and saltwater and possesses characteristics of both plants and animals. Euglena gracilis extracts have a wide range of medicinal properties including stimulation of anticancer immunity against multiple types of cancers; however, the anticancer mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, a water extract from Euglena gracilis devoid of water-insoluble mature paramylons was evaluated as an anticancer agent against lung carcinoma. Two different extracts were prepared using dried powder from whole Euglena gracilis. First, partially purified water extract (EWE) was prepared by suspending dry powder in PBS and centrifugation at 10,000g for 20 min followed by a filtration using a 0.22µm pore size membrane. Second, boiled EWE (bEWE) was prepared by immersing unfiltered EWE in boiling water for 12 min followed by centrifugation at 10,000g for 10 min and filtration using 0.22µm pore size membrane. Both EWE and bEWE treatments inhibited the growth of lung carcinoma cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, both extracts significantly inhibited the three-dimensional growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the EWE treatment attenuates granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow cell cultures. The in vivo study was conducted using a mouse LLC orthotopic allograft model. Oral administration of EWE and bEWE (100-200 mg/kg/day) three weeks prior to LLC cell inoculation attenuated the tumor growth in the lungs of immunocompetent mice while decreasing the peripheral granulocytes. However, this attenuation was not seen for the extract treatment initiated after LLC cell inoculation. The tumor growth attenuation was more efficient with the bEWE treatment than with EWE treatment. The fecal microbiomes of the mice were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing which revealed that alpha diversity in three groups (EWE, bEWE, and PBS control) was similar, however, the microbial compositions of the EWE- and bEWE-treated mouse groups were more diversified than in the PBS group. Specifically, an increase in the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was observed, and a significant increase in Akkermansia and Muribaculum was detected in EWE- and bEWE- treated mice compared to PBS treated mice. These studies suggest that oral administration of partially purified water extracts from Euglena gracilis altered the intestinal microbiome and the alteration may attenuate host MDSCs, thereby preventing lung carcinoma growth. This study was supported by 2016EUGLENA-RC1 (MT), 2017EUGLENA-RC2 (MT and JC), Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine SMILE award (MT and JC), and NIH grant P20 RR017686 (MT). Citation Format: Deepa Upreti, Susumu Ishiguro, Mayme Loyd, Nicole Robben, Paige Cote, Morgan Phillips, Ayaka Nakashima, Kengo ","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90468705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2525
D. J. Craig, E. Crawford, P. Massion, Thomas Morrison, J. Willey
{"title":"Abstract 2525: Low frequency TP53 mutations in airway epithelial cells serve as lung cancer risk biomarker","authors":"D. J. Craig, E. Crawford, P. Massion, Thomas Morrison, J. Willey","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72961864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2540
Marjorie Petty
{"title":"Abstract 2540: Belief in research, religious coping, and willingness to participate in clinical trials among African Americans with hematologic malignancies: a pilot study","authors":"Marjorie Petty","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72993471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-111
Slava Katerov, A. Vaccaro, Jacquelyn Hennek, J. Carlson, W. Taylor, D. Mahoney, J. Kisiel, H. Allawi
{"title":"Abstract 111: Accurate multi-cancer detection using methylated DNA markers and proteins in plasma","authors":"Slava Katerov, A. Vaccaro, Jacquelyn Hennek, J. Carlson, W. Taylor, D. Mahoney, J. Kisiel, H. Allawi","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76918688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2607
Monica Saravana Vela, J. Berei, Katrina Dovalovsky, S. Sreenivasappa, J. Ross, Luigi Moruzzi, S. Martell, W. Schulz, N. Puri
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In 2019, 23.5% of deaths from cancer in the United States were attributed to lung cancer, a greater proportion than those from breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers combined. Lung cancer9s high mortality rate is largely due to the fact that approximately 75% of new cases are diagnosed in late stages. On a local level, Winnebago County has 17% higher incidence and mortality rates due to lung cancer than the corresponding national rates. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is a valuable lung screening technique that utilizes 90% less ionizing radiation than a conventional chest CT scan. Hypothesis/Aims: Increased awareness of LDCT in clinical and community settings will lead to increased detection of lung cancer in early stages and decreased mortality. Study Design: We spread information on the new U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines to both smokers and physicians in Winnebago County. We evaluated the number of LDCT screenings in Winnebago County between June 2015-March 2019, and recorded the number and stage classifications of lung cancer cases detected after these screenings. We also surveyed physicians and smokers on their likelihood of recommending LDCT to others after our seminars. Lastly, we created a Facebook page (Northern Illinois Lung Cancer Screening Project) to continue promoting LDCT screening in a socially distanced manner. Results: 15 seminars and 37 public awareness booths targeting an estimated 300 physicians and 1,450 smokers were conducted to increase knowledge of LDCT. 2,076 patients underwent LDCT screening at local hospitals. 28 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, with 17 cases being early stage. 1,000 additional individuals were found to have small lung nodules. According to our surveys, 100% of attendees felt motivated to tell others about LDCT screening after attending our seminars. These studies are also being extended to Boone, Ogle, and Stephenson Counties, which have high incidence of mortality rates attributed to lung cancer. In an alternative effort to promote lung cancer screening in Northern Illinois, we created a Facebook page where we publish posts weekly and have reached over 1109 people and garnered 142 engagements from users. Conclusions: 17 local community members were diagnosed with early stage lung cancer, thus improving their prognosis and increasing therapy options. These community-based studies are being expanded to surrounding areas to expand the reach and effectiveness of our studies. Citation Format: Monica Saravana Vela, Joseph Berei, Katrina Dovalovsky, Shylendra Sreenivasappa, Joseph Ross, Luigi Moruzzi, Sandra Martell, William Schulz, Neelu Puri. Promotion of low-dose computed tomography for early-stage lung cancer detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cance
背景:肺癌是美国癌症相关死亡的主要原因。2019年，美国23.5%的癌症死亡归因于肺癌，这一比例高于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌和卵巢癌的总和。肺癌的高死亡率主要是由于大约75%的新病例是在晚期被诊断出来的。在地方一级，温尼贝戈县的肺癌发病率和死亡率比全国相应的发病率和死亡率高17%。低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)是一种有价值的肺部筛查技术，比传统的胸部CT扫描使用的电离辐射少90%。假设/目的:在临床和社区环境中提高对LDCT的认识将导致肺癌早期检测的增加和死亡率的降低。研究设计:我们向Winnebago县的吸烟者和医生传播新的美国预防服务工作组指南的信息。我们评估了2015年6月至2019年3月期间温尼贝戈县LDCT筛查的数量，并记录了筛查后发现的肺癌病例的数量和分期分类。我们还调查了医生和吸烟者在研讨会结束后向他人推荐LDCT的可能性。最后，我们创建了一个Facebook页面(北伊利诺斯州肺癌筛查项目)，继续以社会隔离的方式推广LDCT筛查。结果:举办了15场研讨会和37个公众宣传摊位，目标是约300名医生和1,450名吸烟者，以提高LDCT的知识。2076名患者在当地医院接受了LDCT筛查。28例患者确诊为肺癌，其中早期17例。另有1000人被发现有小肺结节。根据我们的调查，100%的与会者在参加完我们的研讨会后都有动力告诉别人LDCT筛查。这些研究也被扩展到布恩、奥格尔和斯蒂芬森县，这些县的肺癌死亡率很高。为了在北伊利诺斯州推广肺癌筛查，我们创建了一个Facebook页面，每周发布帖子，已经有超过1109人参与，获得了142个用户的参与。结论:17名当地社区成员被诊断为早期肺癌，从而改善了他们的预后，增加了治疗选择。这些以社区为基础的研究正在扩大到周边地区，以扩大我们研究的范围和有效性。引文格式:Monica Saravana Vela, Joseph Berei, Katrina Dovalovsky, Shylendra Sreenivasappa, Joseph Ross, Luigi Moruzzi, Sandra Martell, William Schulz, Neelu Puri。低剂量ct在早期肺癌检测中的推广应用[摘要]。见:美国癌症研究协会2021年年会论文集;2021年4月10日至15日和5月17日至21日。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志，2021;81(13 -增刊):2607。
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