Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

Chlorocresol nanoemulsion disinfectant (CND) is an environmental disinfectant prepared with nanoemulsion as its drug carrier. This study aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of CND on Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) and its effect on bacterial ultrastructure. The neutralizing effect of CND against S. aureus was first screened by suspension quantitative evaluation experiment procedure of neutralizer. Disinfection performance was evaluated by the determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), quantitative bactericidal experiment, and comparative experiment of disinfection performance between 0.1% CND and 0.1% chlorocresol aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the effect of CND on the ultrastructure of S. aureus was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) to preliminarily explore the bactericidal mechanism. The results showed that 3% Tween-80 in PBS could be screened as the neutralizer of CND against S. aureus. MIC and MBC were 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The bactericidal rates were all 100% when 0.06% and 0.08% disinfectant acted for 15 and 5 min, respectively. Furthermore, compared with 0.1% chlorocresol aqueous solution, the bactericidal effect of 0.1% CND was significantly enhanced (p⟨0.01). After treatment with CND for 10 min, SEM observation showed that the morphology of S. aureus cells were changed and the integrity destroyed. TEM observation showed that the cell shape changed, and the structures of the cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm were damaged in varying degrees. CND showed the strong bactericidal effect on S. aureus and could cause ultrastructure alterations of S. aureus.

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a viral disease of poultry. Although the disease has a milder clinical course in turkeys than in chickens, reproductive flocks of turkeys are vaccinated against AE. Commercial AE ELISA kits are specifically designed for chickens, which makes it difficult to implement these tests in serological monitoring of turkey flocks. The aim of the study was to compare the AE serological results provided by two ELISA kits from different producers when testing an AE-vaccinated flock of turkey hens and their progeny. We detected differences in the sensitivity of the ELISAs for testing specific anti-AE antibody levels in turkey serum samples.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture in acute and chronic phases of radial and ulnar nerve injuries in histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical aspects. In the study, the rabbits were divided into four groups namely acute nerve injury (ANI) group, chronic nerve injury (CNI) group, positive control (PC) group and negative control (NC) group. In the ANI, CNI and PC groups, damage was created on the nervus radialis and nervus ulnaris by applying pressure for 60 seconds using a hemostatic forceps under anesthesia. No damage was created in the NC group. Fifteen sessions of electroacupuncture were applied to the rabbits in the ANI, CNI, and NC groups every other day using LI-4 (Large Intestine Meridian-4, He Gu), LI-10 (Large Intestine Meridian-10, Shou San Li), LR-3 (Liver Meridian-3, Tai Chong), and ST-36 (Stomach Meridian-36, Zusanli) electroacupuncture points. Electroacupuncture was not applied to the rabbits in the PC group. Decapitation was performed under general anesthesia at the end of electroacupuncture applications. After the euthanasia procedure, the samples obtained were evaluated for histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, degenerative foci in the treatment groups were found to be fewer than in the PC group whereas NGF and S-100 immunoreactivity were higher in the treatment groups than in the PC group. Whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the treatment groups and the NC group in terms of oxidative stress factors, there was a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups and the PC group. In light of all these data, we have concluded that electroacupuncture is an effective treatment method for peripheral nerve injuries.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of controlled-release monensin on the automatic registered body condition score (BCS), and biomarkers registered using a fully automated inline analyzer, such as milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY) and milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Two experimental groups were formed: (1) monensin group (GK) supplemented with monensin (a monensin controlled release capsule (MCRC) of 32.4 g, n = 42) and (2) control group (GO) (capsule containing no monensin, n = 42). Treatment began 21 days before calving, and the experiment was finished one month after calving. In order to gather data about MY, BHB, and LDH, Herd Navigator a real-time analyzer (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used together with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). BCS was measured using 3D BCS cameras (DeLaval, DeLaval International AB). All data were registered at one, 15 and 30 days after calving. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) package. It was concluded that in the group of cows with monensin supplement (a monensin controlled release capsule of 32.4 g,), the body condition score was statistically significantly higher at the 15th (+0.24, p=0.003) and 30th (+0.52, p⟨0.001) days after calving, the productivity of cows in this group increased by 10.25% from the 1st to the 15th day and by 22.49% from the beginning of the experiment to the 30th day (p⟨0.001), lactate dehydrogenase activities at the 15th and 30th days after calving in this group were lower (p⟨0.001), and also in this group, the number of cows with a value of β-hydroxybutyrate of 0.06 mmol/L decreased from the beginning of the experiment to 30 days after calving by 4.70% (from 19.00% to 14.30%) compared with the control group.

By providing the body with essential nutrients, colostrum plays an immune and immunostimulating function. Colostrum quality depends on multiple factors, including microbial presence. This study aimed to explore the effect of non-aureus staphylococci on colostrum quality. Physical and chemical properties, fatty acid profile of cow colostrum were determined. In our study, we identified three non- aureus staphylococci species in the colostrum: S. sciuri, S. xylosus and S. warneri. The percentage of dry matter in staphylococci positive and negative colostrum samples did not differ significantly. Contents of fat, protein, and lactose in the colostrum were similar. The content of butyric (С4:0) and capric (С10:0) acids was significantly higher in the colostrum fat from samples positive for non- aureus staphylococci. Total bacterial count was lower in non- aureus staphylococci positive samples, while pH increased. The percentage of β-casein was lower in colostrum with a positive culture for non- aureus staphylococci.

The aim of the study was to verify the quality of ram semen, frozen in 1982-1983, from the historical collection of the Bank of Biological Material of the National Research Institute of Animal Production. A total of 18 ejaculates from 3 Świniarka type rams were analyzed to assess sperm motility (subjectively), total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration (CASA), membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) and chromatin structure (SCSA). In order to determine sperm fertilizing ability 49 ewes were intracervically inseminated (200×106 sperm per AI) with frozen- thawed semen 12 and 24 hours after detection of estrus. Sperm motility parameters, membrane intact spermatozoa and DFI did not differ among the analyzed rams. Spermatozoa concentration was significantly higher for ram no. 2 than for rams no. 1 and 3. The lambing rates (27.3 to 36.0%) did not differ significantly for individual rams. The ram semen, which had been stored for around 40 years, showed satisfactory quality and fertilizing capacity, allowing for its use in artificial insemination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of feed supplements with alfa-amylase and beta-glucanase (Optipartum C+ 200) on ingestive-related behaviour biomarkers registered with real-time sensors: rumination behaviours and reticulorumen parameters (pH and temperature). Cows (n=20) in the treatment group (TG) were fed with Optipartum C+ 200 (Enzymes feed supplement: Alfa-Amylase 57 Units; Beta-Glucanase 107 Units) from 21 days before calving until 30 days after calving with a feeding rate of 200 g/cow/day. Cows (n=22) in the control group (CG) were fed a feed ration without feed supplement. Measurements started from 6 days before calving and continued until 21 days after calving. The following indicators were registered: with the RumiWatch System: Rumination time; Eating time; Drinking time; Rumination chews; Eating chews; Drinking gulps; Bolus; Chews per minute; Chews per bolus. With the SmaXtec system: the temperature, pH of the contents of the cows' reticulorumens, and cows' walking activity. According to our results, feed supplementation with alfa-amylase and beta-glucanase (Optipartum C+ 200) in the TG group resulted in increases in the following parameters: 9% rumination time and eating time, 19% drinking time, 11% rumination chews, 16% eating chews, 13% number of boluses per rumination, 5% chews per minute and 16% chews per bolus. The rumination time showed a strong, positive relation with rumination chews and bolus indicators in both groups (TG and CG) (p⟨0.001); while the rumination time in both groups of cows showed an opposite direction and was negatively related to eating time and eating chews (p⟨0.05). We found a 1.28 % lower reticulorumen pH and a 0.64 % lower reticulorumen temperature in cows fed with the supplement compared with cows in the control group. Cows in TG were 8.80% more active than those in the CG group. For improvement of ingestive-related behaviour we suggest adding a feed supplement with alfa-amylase and beta-glucanase (Optipartum C+ 200).

This study was carried out to determine the time-dependent changes in the ultrasonographic image of the ovary with computer-assisted analysis programs at certain intervals after ovulation and to determine whether computer-assisted analysis programs and ovulation programs can be managed in cases where the ovulation time is unknown. The study included 40 purebred Arab mares. The study was subdivided into 4 different time periods of 6 (Group 1), 12 (Group 2), 18 (Group 3) and 24 (Group 4) hours following ovulation. In addition, after ovulation and ultrasonographic examination, natural insemination was performed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, and pregnancy examination and follow-up were performed at 15-30-45 days. In the echotexture analysis, mean grayness value (MGV) and contrast (CON) measurements were at different levels according to the time groups (p⟨0.001). Homogeneity (HOM) measurements were at different levels according to the time groups (p⟨0.001). A very strong, significant negative correlation was determined between MGV and pregnancy rates (r=-0.91, p=0.01, p⟨0.05). No significant relationship was observed between HOM values and pregnancy rates (r=0.19, p=0.23, p>0.05). A very strong, significant negative correlation was determined between CON and pregnancy rates (r=-0.92, p=0.01, p⟨0.05). It was concluded that the use of ultrasonographic echotexture in mares after ovulation provided very important information. In cases where the time of ovulation was not known, by looking at the values of echotexture parameters, it was seen that the highest pregnancy rates were at the 6th hour and the lowest pregnancy rates were at the 24th hour. As the echotexture parameters MGV and CON increased, it was determined that pregnancy rates decreased, but there was no relationship between them and the HOM value.

This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid-A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in healthy and various diseased cats and establish reference intervals (RIs) for these acute phase proteins (APPs) in healthy cats. The animal material of the study consisted of 40 healthy cats and 152 cats with various diseases. The serum APPs in the diseased group were higher than those in the healthy group, and age affected Cp concentration in healthy cats. Also, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) positive (+) group had significantly higher AGP concentrations than the SIRS negative (-) group. In conclusion, this study contributes to the limited number of studies on RIs in serum APPs concentrations in healthy cats. The results of this study suggest that APPs are valuable diagnostic tools for identifying the inflammatory processes of various diseases, and AGP concentration could help determine the severity of the inflammatory condition.

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis, that can still be classified as endemic despite its ancient origins which causes economic losses and public health problems. Although effectively controlled by vaccination in animals, there is currently no vaccine for use in humans. Outer Membrane Proteins (OMP) that play an active immunogenic and protective role in the Brucellae family. OMP19 is present in all Brucella species as a surface antigen and is a potent immunogen responsible for Brucellosis intracellular infection. For this reason, the study was aimed to be used safely as a potential recombinant vaccine candidate against all Brucella infections, especially in humans and pregnant animals. This study evaluated a Brucella lipoprotein antigen, i.e. 19 kilodalton (kDa) outer membrane protein (OMP19), which was amplified and cloned into the pETSUMO vector system. The immunogenic power of the purified recombinant OMP19 antigen against brucellosis was compared with that of OMP19 (Raybiotech Inc, USA) in a mouse model and the obtained rOMP19 antigen was found to be similar to the commercially available recombinant protein.