Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

Yeast infections such as otitis externa and seborrheic dermatitis in dogs and cats are frequently associated with Malassezia pachydermatis secondary infection. It is part of the normal cutaneous microflora of most warm-blooded vertebrates, however, under certain conditions, it can become a causative agent of infection that needs to be treated pharmacologically. Azole derivatives are the drugs of the first choice. An interesting trend in developing resistance is the use of natural substances, which include manuka honey with confirmed antimicrobial properties. The main intention of this research was to evaluate the mutual effect of manuka honey in combination with four conventional azole antifungals - clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole - on 14 Malassezia pachydermatis isolates obtained from dogs and 1 reference strain. A slightly modified M27-A3 method (CLSI 2008) and the checkerboard test (Nikolić et al. 2017) were used for this purpose. Our results show an additive effect of all 4 antifungals with manuka honey concurrent use. Based on the determined values of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI - 0.74±0.03 when manuka honey combined with clotrimazole, 0.96±0.08 with fluconazole, 1.0±0 with miconazole and 1.16±0.26 with itraconazole), it was found in all cases that the effect of substances used is more pronounced in mutual combination than when used separately.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a core part of gram-negative bacteria, is crucial for inducing an inflammatory response in living things. In the current study, we used LPS from Salmonella to stimulate chicken macrophages (HD11). Proteomics was used to investigate immune-related proteins and their roles further. Proteomics investigation revealed 31 differential expression proteins (DEPs) after 4 hours of LPS infection. 24 DEPs expressions were up-regulated, while seven were down-regulated. In this investigation, ten DEPs were mainly enriched in S. aureus infection, complement, and coagulation cascades, which were all implicated in the inflammatory response and clearance of foreign pathogens. Notably, complement C3 was shown to be up-regulated in all immune-related pathways, indicating that it is a potential protein in this study. This work contributes to a better understanding and clarification of the processes of Salmonella infection in chickens. It might bring up new possibilities for treating and breeding Salmonella-infected chickens.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been applied for many years in the production of pigs to reduce the number of diarrhoea in weaned piglets. In June 2022, the European Union banned the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) in pig feed. According to scientific reports, the may reason was the accumulation of this microelement in the environment of pig production. It has been shown that frequent application of ZnO can lead to increased antibiotic resistance in pathogenic swine microflora. The main alternatives to ZnO are probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, essential oils, and liquid feeding systems. Alternatives to ZnO can be successfully used in pig production to reduce the number of diarrhoea among piglets during the postweaning period. Additional reports indicated that bacteriophage supplementation has a positive effect on the health of pigs. The article provides an overview of current ZnO substitutes that can be used in pig farming.

This is the first study to identify 23 protein spots corresponding to 13 proteins in mitochondria isolated from rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. In the group of protein spots identified in stress-induced samples, the abundance of 20 protein spots increased, whereas the abundance of three protein spots (GSTM3, CUNH9orf172, ODF1) decreased relative to the control. The results of this study provide valuable inputs for future research into the molecular mechanisms implicated in pathological processes during oxidative stress (OS).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fertility response of dairy cows with anovulation type I on repeated low doses of GnRH agonist buserelin. The study was conducted on 83 anovulatory and 60 cyclic Polish Holstein Friesian cows. Anovulation type I was defined as small ovaries with follicles of ≤ 5 mm in diameter and without corpus luteum on two examinations in a 7-10 day interval between 50-60 days after parturition. Cows from the experimental group (n=58) received 0.4 μg of buserelin i.m. once a day for 5 consecutive days. Cows from the negative control group (n = 25) received saline. Sixty cyclic cows receiving no treatment served as positive controls. Intervals from calving to estrus and from calving to conception, pregnancy rate 30-35 days and 260 days after AI, and pregnancy loss were calculated. The anovulatory cows had a substantially prolonged calving to conception interval, decreased pregnancy rate and increased pregnancy loss and culling rate compared to cyclic herd mates. The average calving to conception interval was significantly (p⟨0.05) shorter in treated cows compared to non-treated anovulatory cows (153.7 days vs 209.3 days). In conclusion, repeated low doses of GnRH analogue buserelin led to a significant shortening of calving to conception interval. More clinical trials are needed to determine the practical usefulness of this method for the treatment of anovulation type I in dairy cows.

Seminal plasma (SP) proteins are responsible for sperm functional quality. Developing a reliable method to determine the degree of oxidative damage of these proteins is important for establishing semen fertilizing ability. The main aim of the study was to verify the applicability of protein carbonyl derivatives measurement in the SP of canine and stallion, using a method with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The research material consisted of ejaculates obtained from eight English Springer Spaniels, and from seven half-blood stallions during the breeding and non-breeding season. The content of carbonyl groups in the SP was measured on the basis of the reactions with DNPH. The following reagent variants were used to dissolve protein precipitates: Variant 1 (V1) - 6M Guanidine solution and Variant 2 (V2) - 0.1M NaOH solution. It has been shown that to obtain reliable results for the measurement of protein carbonylated groups in the dog and horse SP, both 6M Guanidine and 0.1M NaOH may be used. A correlation was also found between the number of carbonyl groups and the total protein content in the canine (V1: r = -0.724; V2: r = -0.847) and stallion (V1: r = -0.336; V2: r = -0.334) SP. Additionally, the study showed a higher content (p≤0.05) of protein carbonyl groups in the stallion SP in the non-breeding season compared to the breeding season. The method based on the reaction with DNPH, due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, appears to be suitable for large-scale application in the determination of the SP proteins oxidative damage in dog and horse semen.