Purpose: We compared the efficacy of teneligliptin versus linagliptin for glycemic control and renoprotection in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease.
Patients and methods: Changes in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose concentration, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during a 12-month period were retrospectively analyzed after switching from linagliptin to teneligliptin in 13 patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease (teneligliptin group). Thirteen propensity score-matched patients who were treated with linagliptin alone served as controls (linagliptin group).
Results: The HbA1c, fasting blood glucose concentration, and UACR did not change during the 12-month study period in either group. The annual change rate in the eGFR did not differ between before and after baseline in either group.
Conclusion: Switching from linagliptin to teneligliptin may not improve glycemic control, reduce urinary protein excretion, or ameliorate the rate of renal function decline in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease. These results suggest that teneligliptin may not be more advantageous for glycemic control and renoprotection compared with linagliptin in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease.
{"title":"No Significant Changes of Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Patients with Advanced-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease by Switching from Linagliptin to Teneligliptin.","authors":"Keiji Hirai, Hiroaki Nonaka, Moeka Ueda, Junki Morino, Shohei Kaneko, Saori Minato, Yuko Mutsuyoshi, Katsunori Yanai, Hiroki Ishii, Momoko Matsuyama, Taisuke Kitano, Akinori Aomatsu, Haruhisa Miyazawa, Kiyonori Ito, Yuichiro Ueda, Susumu Ookawara, Yoshiyuki Morishita","doi":"10.2147/POR.S314409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S314409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared the efficacy of teneligliptin versus linagliptin for glycemic control and renoprotection in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Changes in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose concentration, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during a 12-month period were retrospectively analyzed after switching from linagliptin to teneligliptin in 13 patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease (teneligliptin group). Thirteen propensity score-matched patients who were treated with linagliptin alone served as controls (linagliptin group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HbA1c, fasting blood glucose concentration, and UACR did not change during the 12-month study period in either group. The annual change rate in the eGFR did not differ between before and after baseline in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching from linagliptin to teneligliptin may not improve glycemic control, reduce urinary protein excretion, or ameliorate the rate of renal function decline in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease. These results suggest that teneligliptin may not be more advantageous for glycemic control and renoprotection compared with linagliptin in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/2e/por-12-81.PMC8354772.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39323540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Human anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education and is special in that it uses human remains kept in various anatomical facilities like a morgue, gross anatomy laboratory, or museums for instruction and research. While serving knowledge advancement facilitating clinical practice and research, human cadaver handling, and usage at all levels, such as cadaver sourcing, transportation, storage, preservation, dissection, and final disposal deserves in return the utmost respect. In Ethiopia, even though there is not enough information on when, where, and by whom the first cadaver dissection was conducted, dissection is being conducted in many of its medical schools. Despite ethical necessity surrounding human body usage in every anatomical setting, there is still ethical and legal uncertainty due to several challenging barriers which is severe in developing nations including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess ethical practices of handling and usage of the human body to promote, in the near future, formulation and implementation of acceptable, respectful, and ethical guidelines for the anatomy dissection laboratories and related settings in Ethiopia.
Methods: A multicentered cross-sectional study was used at selected anatomy facilities of eight Ethiopian medical schools. The collected data through structured questionnaires and checklists were cleaned, preset and entered in to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Internal consistency and reliability were measured by using Cronbach's alpha.
Results: The study result showed vivid human body ethical breaches that ranged from lack of power by anatomy unit to oversee the process during sourcing, transportation, embalming, caring, and dissection of cadavers in the anatomy laboratories to student's mistreatment of cadavers.
Conclusion: In addition to lack of compliance due to lack of standard ethical guidelines or policies regarding human body usage, the compliance-based professional development is also nonexistent. The ethical way of body sourcing is through body donation; however, in Ethiopia, anatomy teaching exclusively depends on unclaimed bodies. Using a body for dissection that is solely sourced unethically may generate a negative emotional sense of life for anatomy instructors, technical assistants, morticians, and medical students. We inspire better provision of moral and ethical exercise with the good practice concerning the human body through recognizing the humanity and uniqueness of the deceased person. The results of this study serve as a serious condemnation of practices in Ethiopian anatomy facilities and we urge the Anatomical Society of Ethiopia to play its part in changing the present practices related to ethical and legal uncertainty of the human body usage.
{"title":"Assessment of Ethical Compliance of Handling and Usage of the Human Body in Anatomical Facilities of Ethiopian Medical Schools.","authors":"Solomon Tesfaye, Niguse Hamba, Wakjira Kebede, Mitiku Bajiro, Lemessa Debela, Tihahun Alemayehu Nigatu, Asfaw Gerbi","doi":"10.2147/POR.S321646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S321646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education and is special in that it uses human remains kept in various anatomical facilities like a morgue, gross anatomy laboratory, or museums for instruction and research. While serving knowledge advancement facilitating clinical practice and research, human cadaver handling, and usage at all levels, such as cadaver sourcing, transportation, storage, preservation, dissection, and final disposal deserves in return the utmost respect. In Ethiopia, even though there is not enough information on when, where, and by whom the first cadaver dissection was conducted, dissection is being conducted in many of its medical schools. Despite ethical necessity surrounding human body usage in every anatomical setting, there is still ethical and legal uncertainty due to several challenging barriers which is severe in developing nations including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess ethical practices of handling and usage of the human body to promote, in the near future, formulation and implementation of acceptable, respectful, and ethical guidelines for the anatomy dissection laboratories and related settings in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentered cross-sectional study was used at selected anatomy facilities of eight Ethiopian medical schools. The collected data through structured questionnaires and checklists were cleaned, preset and entered in to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Internal consistency and reliability were measured by using Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study result showed vivid human body ethical breaches that ranged from lack of power by anatomy unit to oversee the process during sourcing, transportation, embalming, caring, and dissection of cadavers in the anatomy laboratories to student's mistreatment of cadavers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to lack of compliance due to lack of standard ethical guidelines or policies regarding human body usage, the compliance-based professional development is also nonexistent. The ethical way of body sourcing is through body donation; however, in Ethiopia, anatomy teaching exclusively depends on unclaimed bodies. Using a body for dissection that is solely sourced unethically may generate a negative emotional sense of life for anatomy instructors, technical assistants, morticians, and medical students. We inspire better provision of moral and ethical exercise with the good practice concerning the human body through recognizing the humanity and uniqueness of the deceased person. The results of this study serve as a serious condemnation of practices in Ethiopian anatomy facilities and we urge the Anatomical Society of Ethiopia to play its part in changing the present practices related to ethical and legal uncertainty of the human body usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/8c/por-12-65.PMC8285299.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S303453
Carolyn Martin, Eleena Koep, John White, Angela Belland, Heidi Waters, Felicia Forma
Introduction: Successful treatment for serious mental illnesses (SMIs) requires a good therapeutic alliance with healthcare providers and compliance with prescribed therapies such as antipsychotic medications. This retrospective study, which utilized administrative claims linked with abstracted medical chart data, addressed a data gap regarding compliance-related discussions between providers and patients.
Methods: Commercially insured patients in ambulatory care post-acute (emergency or inpatient) event were eligible. Criteria included age 18-65 years; schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder diagnoses; continuous enrollment 6 months before to 12 months after the first acute event claim dated 01/01/2014 to 12/31/2015; and antipsychotic medication prescription. Demographic and clinical data, and patient-provider discussions about treatment compliance were characterized from claims and abstracted medical charts.
Results: Ninety patients (62% female, mean age 41 years) were included and 680 visits were abstracted; only 58% had first-visit antipsychotic compliance discussions. Notably, 18% of patients had discussions using the specific terms "compliance," "persistence," or "adherence," whereas half were identified by more general terms. Compliance discussions were observed least often among the patients with schizophrenia, as compared with bipolar or major depressive disorders-a counterintuitive finding.
Discussion: Compliance discussions may represent intervention opportunities to optimize treatment, yet their study is a complex endeavor. The results of this study show an opportunity to improve this valuable treatment step.
{"title":"Treatment Compliance Communications Between Patients with Severe Mental Illness and Treating Healthcare Providers: A Retrospective Study of Documentation Using Healthcare Reimbursement Claims and Medical Chart Abstraction.","authors":"Carolyn Martin, Eleena Koep, John White, Angela Belland, Heidi Waters, Felicia Forma","doi":"10.2147/POR.S303453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S303453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Successful treatment for serious mental illnesses (SMIs) requires a good therapeutic alliance with healthcare providers and compliance with prescribed therapies such as antipsychotic medications. This retrospective study, which utilized administrative claims linked with abstracted medical chart data, addressed a data gap regarding compliance-related discussions between providers and patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Commercially insured patients in ambulatory care post-acute (emergency or inpatient) event were eligible. Criteria included age 18-65 years; schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder diagnoses; continuous enrollment 6 months before to 12 months after the first acute event claim dated 01/01/2014 to 12/31/2015; and antipsychotic medication prescription. Demographic and clinical data, and patient-provider discussions about treatment compliance were characterized from claims and abstracted medical charts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety patients (62% female, mean age 41 years) were included and 680 visits were abstracted; only 58% had first-visit antipsychotic compliance discussions. Notably, 18% of patients had discussions using the specific terms \"compliance,\" \"persistence,\" or \"adherence,\" whereas half were identified by more general terms. Compliance discussions were observed least often among the patients with schizophrenia, as compared with bipolar or major depressive disorders-a counterintuitive finding.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Compliance discussions may represent intervention opportunities to optimize treatment, yet their study is a complex endeavor. The results of this study show an opportunity to improve this valuable treatment step.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/28/por-12-49.PMC8214573.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39100556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S313991
Bewunetu Zewude, Tewodros Habtegiorgis
Background: Acceptance of a vaccine or hesitancy towards it have great public health implications as they partly determine the extent to which people are exposed to infections that could have otherwise been prevented. The present study examined the willingness of primary and secondary school teachers, bank employees, and university instructors in southern Ethiopia to take a Covid-19 vaccine and the factors associated with their willingness.
Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used with a quantitative research approach. Primary data were gathered mainly through the use of a survey research method in which a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected research participants in Wolaita Sodo town. Data analysis was conducted using statistical techniques, including percentages, frequency distributions, and logistic regression analysis.
Results: Research participants generally had a low (46.1%) willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. The main reason for most (37%) respondents' hesitancy to take the vaccine is found to be the concern over the safety and/or the side effects of the vaccine (37%), followed by doubt about the vaccine's effectiveness (20.7%), and lack of adequate information (12.7%). Moreover, 38.9% of survey participants revealed that they would like to take a COVID-19 vaccine other than AstraZeneca whereas 61.1% of respondents replied that they do not want to take any kind of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, respondents' willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine is significantly associated with attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 2.830; 95% CI = 1.834-4.368), belief that Covid-19 exists in the study area (OR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.083-0.589), the perception that prevalence and death rate reports of the government are real (OR = 0.365; 95% CI = 0.197-0.676), status of chronic diseases (OR = 2.883; 95%CI = 1.039-7.999), and having a close relative/friend ever infected by COVID-19 (OR = 2.602; 95% CI = 1.117-6.063).
Conclusion: The findings of the research demonstrated that there is generally low willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine among university instructors, bank employees, and primary and secondary school teachers in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the federal ministry of health, Ethiopian food and drug controlling agency, the media, and all other concerned organizations should create increased awareness about the safety/side effects issues and the need to take the vaccine.
背景:接受疫苗或对其犹豫不决具有重大的公共卫生影响,因为它们在一定程度上决定了人们接触本可预防的感染的程度。本研究调查了埃塞俄比亚南部中小学教师、银行员工和大学教师接种Covid-19疫苗的意愿以及与他们意愿相关的因素。方法:采用基于机构的横断面研究设计,采用定量研究方法。本研究主要采用问卷调查的方法收集资料,随机抽取Wolaita Sodo镇的研究对象进行问卷调查。数据分析采用统计技术,包括百分比、频率分布和逻辑回归分析。结果:研究参与者接种COVID-19疫苗的意愿普遍较低(46.1%)。大多数(37%)应答者对接种疫苗犹豫不决的主要原因是担心疫苗的安全性和/或副作用(37%),其次是怀疑疫苗的有效性(20.7%),以及缺乏足够的信息(12.7%)。此外,38.9%的受访者表示,他们希望接种阿斯利康以外的新冠病毒疫苗,而61.1%的受访者回答他们不想接种任何新冠病毒疫苗。此外,受访者接种COVID-19疫苗的意愿与疫苗态度显著相关(OR = 2.830;95% CI = 1.834-4.368),认为研究区域存在Covid-19 (OR = 0.221;95% CI = 0.083-0.589),认为政府报告的患病率和死亡率是真实的(OR = 0.365;95% CI = 0.197-0.676)、慢性病状况(OR = 2.883;95%CI = 1.039 ~ 7.999),有近亲属/朋友曾感染COVID-19 (OR = 2.602;95% ci = 1.117-6.063)。结论:研究结果表明,在埃塞俄比亚南部,大学教师、银行员工和中小学教师接种COVID-19疫苗的意愿普遍较低。因此,联邦卫生部、埃塞俄比亚食品和药物管制机构、媒体和所有其他有关组织应提高对安全性/副作用问题和接种疫苗必要性的认识。
{"title":"Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccine Among People Most at Risk of Exposure in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Bewunetu Zewude, Tewodros Habtegiorgis","doi":"10.2147/POR.S313991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S313991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acceptance of a vaccine or hesitancy towards it have great public health implications as they partly determine the extent to which people are exposed to infections that could have otherwise been prevented. The present study examined the willingness of primary and secondary school teachers, bank employees, and university instructors in southern Ethiopia to take a Covid-19 vaccine and the factors associated with their willingness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used with a quantitative research approach. Primary data were gathered mainly through the use of a survey research method in which a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected research participants in Wolaita Sodo town. Data analysis was conducted using statistical techniques, including percentages, frequency distributions, and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research participants generally had a low (46.1%) willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. The main reason for most (37%) respondents' hesitancy to take the vaccine is found to be the concern over the safety and/or the side effects of the vaccine (37%), followed by doubt about the vaccine's effectiveness (20.7%), and lack of adequate information (12.7%). Moreover, 38.9% of survey participants revealed that they would like to take a COVID-19 vaccine other than AstraZeneca whereas 61.1% of respondents replied that they do not want to take any kind of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, respondents' willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine is significantly associated with attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 2.830; 95% CI = 1.834-4.368), belief that Covid-19 exists in the study area (OR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.083-0.589), the perception that prevalence and death rate reports of the government are real (OR = 0.365; 95% CI = 0.197-0.676), status of chronic diseases (OR = 2.883; 95%CI = 1.039-7.999), and having a close relative/friend ever infected by COVID-19 (OR = 2.602; 95% CI = 1.117-6.063).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the research demonstrated that there is generally low willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine among university instructors, bank employees, and primary and secondary school teachers in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the federal ministry of health, Ethiopian food and drug controlling agency, the media, and all other concerned organizations should create increased awareness about the safety/side effects issues and the need to take the vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/a8/por-12-37.PMC8166351.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S302809
David Price, Rupert Jones, Pascal Pfister, Hui Cao, Victoria Carter, Anu Kemppinen, Björn Holzhauer, Alan Kaplan, Allan Clark, David M G Halpin, Hilary Pinnock, James D Chalmers, Job F M van Boven, Kai M Beeh, Konstantinos Kostikas, Nicolas Roche, Omar Usmani, Paul Mastoridis
Background: Poor treatment adherence in COPD patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased healthcare burden. Personalized approaches for adherence management, supported with technology-based interventions, may offer benefits to patients and providers but are currently unproven in terms of clinical outcomes as opposed to adherence outcomes.
Methods: Maximizing Adherence and Gaining New Information For Your COPD (MAGNIFY COPD study), a pragmatic cluster randomized trial, aims to evaluate the impact of an adherence technology package (interventional package), comprising an adherence review, ongoing provision of a dual bronchodilator but with an add-on inhaler sensor device and a connected mobile application. This will compare time to treatment failure and other clinical outcomes in patients identified at high risk of exacerbations with historic poor treatment adherence as measured by prescription collection to mono/dual therapy over one year (1312 patients) versus usual care. Treatment failure is defined as the first occurrence of one of the following: (1) moderate/severe COPD exacerbation, (2) prescription of triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist [ICS/LABA/LAMA]), (3) prescription of additional chronic therapy for COPD, or (4) respiratory-related death. Adherence, moderate/severe exacerbations, respiratory-related healthcare resource utilization and costs, and intervention package acceptance rate will also be assessed. Eligible primary care practices (N=176) participating in the Optimum Patient Care Quality Improvement Program will be randomized (1:1) to either adherence support cluster arm (suitable patients already receiving or initiated Ultibro® Breezhaler® [indacaterol/glycopyrronium] will be offered interventional package) or the control cluster arm (suitable patients continue to receive usual clinical care). Patients will be identified and outcomes collected from anonymized electronic medical records within the Optimum Patient Care Research Database. On study completion, electronic medical record data will be re-extracted to analyze outcomes in both study groups.
Registration number: ISRCTN10567920.
Conclusion: MAGNIFY will explore patient benefits of technology-based interventions for electronic adherence monitoring.
{"title":"Maximizing Adherence and Gaining New Information For Your Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (MAGNIFY COPD): Study Protocol for the Pragmatic, Cluster Randomized Trial Evaluating the Impact of Dual Bronchodilator with Add-On Sensor and Electronic Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"David Price, Rupert Jones, Pascal Pfister, Hui Cao, Victoria Carter, Anu Kemppinen, Björn Holzhauer, Alan Kaplan, Allan Clark, David M G Halpin, Hilary Pinnock, James D Chalmers, Job F M van Boven, Kai M Beeh, Konstantinos Kostikas, Nicolas Roche, Omar Usmani, Paul Mastoridis","doi":"10.2147/POR.S302809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S302809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor treatment adherence in COPD patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased healthcare burden. Personalized approaches for adherence management, supported with technology-based interventions, may offer benefits to patients and providers but are currently unproven in terms of clinical outcomes as opposed to adherence outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maximizing Adherence and Gaining New Information For Your COPD (MAGNIFY COPD study), a pragmatic cluster randomized trial, aims to evaluate the impact of an adherence technology package (interventional package), comprising an adherence review, ongoing provision of a dual bronchodilator but with an add-on inhaler sensor device and a connected mobile application. This will compare time to treatment failure and other clinical outcomes in patients identified at high risk of exacerbations with historic poor treatment adherence as measured by prescription collection to mono/dual therapy over one year (1312 patients) versus usual care. Treatment failure is defined as the first occurrence of one of the following: (1) moderate/severe COPD exacerbation, (2) prescription of triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist [ICS/LABA/LAMA]), (3) prescription of additional chronic therapy for COPD, or (4) respiratory-related death. Adherence, moderate/severe exacerbations, respiratory-related healthcare resource utilization and costs, and intervention package acceptance rate will also be assessed. Eligible primary care practices (N=176) participating in the Optimum Patient Care Quality Improvement Program will be randomized (1:1) to either adherence support cluster arm (suitable patients already receiving or initiated Ultibro<sup>®</sup> Breezhaler<sup>®</sup> [indacaterol/glycopyrronium] will be offered interventional package) or the control cluster arm (suitable patients continue to receive usual clinical care). Patients will be identified and outcomes collected from anonymized electronic medical records within the Optimum Patient Care Research Database. On study completion, electronic medical record data will be re-extracted to analyze outcomes in both study groups.</p><p><strong>Registration number: </strong>ISRCTN10567920.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MAGNIFY will explore patient benefits of technology-based interventions for electronic adherence monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/7a/por-12-25.PMC8163732.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-27eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S298309
Sean Mccafferty, Sean Ashley
Purpose: Evaluate the correlation between statutory social distancing interventions and Covid-19 mortality independently in both the United States and Europe. The study is presented as a potential methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of statutory social distancing policy.
Patients and methods: Twenty-seven states in the United States and, separately, 12 European countries were selected which had clearly defined and dated establishment of statewide or national mandates for social distancing measures from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data. Mandated social distancing measures considered in this study include: School closures, Prohibition on mass gatherings, business closures, stay at home orders, severe travel restrictions, and closure of non-essential businesses. The state/country Covid-19 peak mortality rate (PMR) was defined as the initial averaged normalized maximum during which social distancing mandates were in effect. Mandate-days were defined as the total days legislative mandates were in place to the PMR.
Results: The normalized peak mortality rate in the US and in Europe did not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation to the total mandate days (R-squared=0.053, p=0.246, R-squared=2.4E-06, p=0.996). A significant correlation was found between normalized mortality rate and state/country population density (R-squared=0.524, p=0.00002,R-squared=0.397, p=0.0281).
Discussion: The analysis appears to suggest no mandate effective reduction in Covid-19 mortality rate to its defined initial peak when interpreting their mean-effect. A strong correlation to population density suggests human interaction frequency does affect the peak mortality rate.
{"title":"Covid-19 Social Distancing Interventions by Statutory Mandate and Their Observational Correlation to Mortality in the United States and Europe.","authors":"Sean Mccafferty, Sean Ashley","doi":"10.2147/POR.S298309","DOIUrl":"10.2147/POR.S298309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evaluate the correlation between statutory social distancing interventions and Covid-19 mortality independently in both the United States and Europe. The study is presented as a potential methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of statutory social distancing policy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Twenty-seven states in the United States and, separately, 12 European countries were selected which had clearly defined and dated establishment of statewide or national mandates for social distancing measures from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data. Mandated social distancing measures considered in this study include: School closures, Prohibition on mass gatherings, business closures, stay at home orders, severe travel restrictions, and closure of non-essential businesses. The state/country Covid-19 peak mortality rate (PMR) was defined as the initial averaged normalized maximum during which social distancing mandates were in effect. Mandate-days were defined as the total days legislative mandates were in place to the PMR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The normalized peak mortality rate in the US and in Europe did not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation to the total mandate days (R-squared=0.053, p=0.246, R-squared=2.4E-06, p=0.996). A significant correlation was found between normalized mortality rate and state/country population density (R-squared=0.524, p=0.00002,R-squared=0.397, p=0.0281).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The analysis appears to suggest no mandate effective reduction in Covid-19 mortality rate to its defined initial peak when interpreting their mean-effect. A strong correlation to population density suggests human interaction frequency does affect the peak mortality rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/14/3a/por-12-15.PMC8088306.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38949559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S304220
Xiaoxue Chen, Zhi Wang, Samantha G Bromfield, Andrea DeVries, David Pryor, Vincent Willey
Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19), continues to spread in the US through the 2020–2021 influenza season and beyond. Approaches to identify those most at risk for poor outcomes for the two viral infections are needed for future planning. As influenza is a well-known respiratory disease sharing some similarities to COVID-19, such comparison will aid physicians and health systems to predict disease trajectory and allocate health resources most efficiently. A retrospective cohort study using a French national administrative database found that patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were more frequently obese or overweight, diabetic, and hypertensive. 1 Patients hospitalized with influenza more frequently had heart failure, chronic respiratory disease, and cirrhosis. 1 Similar observations were reported in an international network study that included US, South Korea, and Spain. 2 While this information provides useful context to the current understanding of characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in several countries, understanding of the overall risk profile for the two viral infections is lacking in a broad US population. Advanced modelling, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been employed to detect, diagnose, evaluate, and prioritize for Examples include laboratory examination frameworks to prioritize patients with COVID-19, AI techniques in the detection and classification of COVID-19 medical images, and models to predict the spread of disease. An increasing number of severe COVID-19 outcome risk assessment studies found that demographic factors, comorbidities, radiographic findings, and laboratory markers may individually or collectively predict worse outcomes. 3 deepen the understanding of COVID-19,
{"title":"Identification and Comparison of Patient Characteristics for Those Hospitalized with COVID-19 versus Influenza Using Machine Learning in a Commercially Insured US Population.","authors":"Xiaoxue Chen, Zhi Wang, Samantha G Bromfield, Andrea DeVries, David Pryor, Vincent Willey","doi":"10.2147/POR.S304220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S304220","url":null,"abstract":"Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19), continues to spread in the US through the 2020–2021 influenza season and beyond. Approaches to identify those most at risk for poor outcomes for the two viral infections are needed for future planning. As influenza is a well-known respiratory disease sharing some similarities to COVID-19, such comparison will aid physicians and health systems to predict disease trajectory and allocate health resources most efficiently. A retrospective cohort study using a French national administrative database found that patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were more frequently obese or overweight, diabetic, and hypertensive. 1 Patients hospitalized with influenza more frequently had heart failure, chronic respiratory disease, and cirrhosis. 1 Similar observations were reported in an international network study that included US, South Korea, and Spain. 2 While this information provides useful context to the current understanding of characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in several countries, understanding of the overall risk profile for the two viral infections is lacking in a broad US population. Advanced modelling, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been employed to detect, diagnose, evaluate, and prioritize for Examples include laboratory examination frameworks to prioritize patients with COVID-19, AI techniques in the detection and classification of COVID-19 medical images, and models to predict the spread of disease. An increasing number of severe COVID-19 outcome risk assessment studies found that demographic factors, comorbidities, radiographic findings, and laboratory markers may individually or collectively predict worse outcomes. 3 deepen the understanding of COVID-19,","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/5d/por-12-9.PMC8080116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38939538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S243623
Linah M Ashy
Purpose: To investigate the attitude of clinicians in Saudi Arabia towards dental implant treatment using different implant surgery approaches.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a web-based questionnaire wherein 56 clinicians ranked their attitude toward computer-guided implant surgery (CGIS) and conventional non-computer-guided surgery (non-CGIS) in terms of advantages, disadvantages and clinical indications. Statistical analysis was conducted by the Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The survey results indicated that the most significant advantages of CGIS from the participants' perspective were low levels of stress during surgery (P = 0.003) and minimal requirement of surgical skills (P = 0.04). Notably, the advantages of accurate outcome and predictable flapless surgery were not considered significantly higher for CGIS than for non-CGIS (P = 0.2 and 0.7, respectively). The high treatment cost was the most significant disadvantage of CGIS when compared to non-CGIS (P = 0.002), and complete edentulism was the most recommended clinical condition for CGIS.
Conclusion: Clinicians acknowledged the advantages of CGIS over non-CGIS, especially in complete edentulism. The significant advantages of CGIS were the clinician's state of low stress and minimal skills required rather than the patient's interest in treatment predictability. CGIS is an attractive approach for most participants, in spite of the low rate of actual use.
{"title":"Clinicians' Attitude Toward Computer-Guided Implant Surgery Approach: Survey in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Linah M Ashy","doi":"10.2147/POR.S243623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S243623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the attitude of clinicians in Saudi Arabia towards dental implant treatment using different implant surgery approaches.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a web-based questionnaire wherein 56 clinicians ranked their attitude toward computer-guided implant surgery (CGIS) and conventional non-computer-guided surgery (non-CGIS) in terms of advantages, disadvantages and clinical indications. Statistical analysis was conducted by the Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, at a significance level of <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey results indicated that the most significant advantages of CGIS from the participants' perspective were low levels of stress during surgery (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and minimal requirement of surgical skills (<i>P</i> = 0.04). Notably, the advantages of accurate outcome and predictable flapless surgery were not considered significantly higher for CGIS than for non-CGIS (<i>P</i> = 0.2 and 0.7, respectively). The high treatment cost was the most significant disadvantage of CGIS when compared to non-CGIS (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and complete edentulism was the most recommended clinical condition for CGIS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians acknowledged the advantages of CGIS over non-CGIS, especially in complete edentulism. The significant advantages of CGIS were the clinician's state of low stress and minimal skills required rather than the patient's interest in treatment predictability. CGIS is an attractive approach for most participants, in spite of the low rate of actual use.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/ba/por-12-1.PMC8021253.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25589672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S271096
Michel Kabamba Nzaji, Leon Kabamba Ngombe, Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba, Deca Blood Banza Ndala, Judith Mbidi Miema, Christophe Luhata Lungoyo, Bertin Lora Mwimba, Aimé Cikomola Mwana Bene, Elisabeth Mukamba Musenga
Purpose: This study aims to estimate the acceptability of a future vaccine against COVID-19 and associated factors if offered in Congolese health-care workers (HCWs), since they have the highest direct exposure to the disease.
Patients and methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 23 Congolese referral hospitals, including three university hospitals, located in three towns from March through 30 April 2020. The main outcome variable was healthcare workers' acceptance of a future vaccine against COVID-19. The associated factors of vaccination willingness were identified through a logistic regression analysis.
Results: A sample of 613 HCWs participated in the study and completed the study questionnaire, including 312 (50.9%) men and 301 (49.1%) women. Only 27.7% of HCWs said that they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it was available. From the logistic regression analysis, male healthcare workers (ORa=1.17, 95% CI: 1.15-2.60), primarily doctors (ORa=1.59; 95% CI:1.03-2.44) and having a positive attitude towards a COVID-19 vaccine (ORa=11.49; 95% CI: 5.88-22.46) were significantly associated with reporting willingness to be vaccinated.
Conclusion: For acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19 among others education among HCWs is crucial because health professionals' attitudes about vaccines are an important determinant of their own vaccine uptake and their likelihood of recommending the vaccine to their patients.
{"title":"Acceptability of Vaccination Against COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","authors":"Michel Kabamba Nzaji, Leon Kabamba Ngombe, Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba, Deca Blood Banza Ndala, Judith Mbidi Miema, Christophe Luhata Lungoyo, Bertin Lora Mwimba, Aimé Cikomola Mwana Bene, Elisabeth Mukamba Musenga","doi":"10.2147/POR.S271096","DOIUrl":"10.2147/POR.S271096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to estimate the acceptability of a future vaccine against COVID-19 and associated factors if offered in Congolese health-care workers (HCWs), since they have the highest direct exposure to the disease.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 23 Congolese referral hospitals, including three university hospitals, located in three towns from March through 30 April 2020. The main outcome variable was healthcare workers' acceptance of a future vaccine against COVID-19. The associated factors of vaccination willingness were identified through a logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A sample of 613 HCWs participated in the study and completed the study questionnaire, including 312 (50.9%) men and 301 (49.1%) women. Only 27.7% of HCWs said that they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it was available. From the logistic regression analysis, male healthcare workers (ORa=1.17, 95% CI: 1.15-2.60), primarily doctors (ORa=1.59; 95% CI:1.03-2.44) and having a positive attitude towards a COVID-19 vaccine (ORa=11.49; 95% CI: 5.88-22.46) were significantly associated with reporting willingness to be vaccinated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19 among others education among HCWs is crucial because health professionals' attitudes about vaccines are an important determinant of their own vaccine uptake and their likelihood of recommending the vaccine to their patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/74/por-11-103.PMC7605960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38579669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.2147/POR.S255872
Alike W van der Velden, Aurelio Sessa, Attila Altiner, Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari, Adrian Shephard
Background: Acute sore throat is one of the most common problems for which patients consult their general practitioner and is a key area for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The objective of this study was to investigate patients' attitudes related to healthcare-seeking behavior and self-management of sore throat.
Methods: We conducted an observational, questionnaire-based study across 13 countries (Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, the Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, the UK and the USA) on respondents who reported having had a sore throat in the previous 12 months. Data were collected on their experiences, contact with healthcare professionals, treatment practices and opinions about antibiotics.
Results: A total of 5196 respondents (approximately 400 per country) completed the survey. Over 80% of respondents sought advice for a sore throat, with 30% consulting a general practitioner. The desire to limit the worsening of symptoms was the main reason for seeking treatment. Other reasons concerned resolving persistent symptoms and reducing the impact on daily life/sleep. Self-management for sore throat was mainly medicated sore throat remedies. "Wanting an antibiotic" was rated much lower (55%) than most other reasons for visiting a doctor, but this differed greatly between countries. The percentage of respondents using antibiotics varied widely, for example, 10% in the UK and 45% in Saudi Arabia. There was considerable variation in the proportion of respondents who thought that antibiotics would be effective against sore throat (from 24% in France to 94% in Saudi Arabia).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that knowledge of effective treatments for sore throat varied widely. The results of this study should enable healthcare professionals to better anticipate patients' needs. This will support healthcare professionals in their role as antibiotic stewards, helping to reduce the misuse of antibiotics, and further guiding patients towards symptomatic self-management of sore throat.
{"title":"Patients with Sore Throat: A Survey of Self-Management and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior in 13 Countries Worldwide.","authors":"Alike W van der Velden, Aurelio Sessa, Attila Altiner, Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari, Adrian Shephard","doi":"10.2147/POR.S255872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S255872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute sore throat is one of the most common problems for which patients consult their general practitioner and is a key area for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The objective of this study was to investigate patients' attitudes related to healthcare-seeking behavior and self-management of sore throat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, questionnaire-based study across 13 countries (Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, the Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, the UK and the USA) on respondents who reported having had a sore throat in the previous 12 months. Data were collected on their experiences, contact with healthcare professionals, treatment practices and opinions about antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5196 respondents (approximately 400 per country) completed the survey. Over 80% of respondents sought advice for a sore throat, with 30% consulting a general practitioner. The desire to limit the worsening of symptoms was the main reason for seeking treatment. Other reasons concerned resolving persistent symptoms and reducing the impact on daily life/sleep. Self-management for sore throat was mainly medicated sore throat remedies. \"Wanting an antibiotic\" was rated much lower (55%) than most other reasons for visiting a doctor, but this differed greatly between countries. The percentage of respondents using antibiotics varied widely, for example, 10% in the UK and 45% in Saudi Arabia. There was considerable variation in the proportion of respondents who thought that antibiotics would be effective against sore throat (from 24% in France to 94% in Saudi Arabia).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that knowledge of effective treatments for sore throat varied widely. The results of this study should enable healthcare professionals to better anticipate patients' needs. This will support healthcare professionals in their role as antibiotic stewards, helping to reduce the misuse of antibiotics, and further guiding patients towards symptomatic self-management of sore throat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/POR.S255872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38521663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}