Over the past centuries, it is difficult to find diseases similar in resonance to the coronа-virus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. From the day of manifestation of the infection, it has become the dominant nosology, and its etiological agent has dramatically changed, in its favor, the species spectrum of anthropogenic pathological microorganisms. The review is devoted to the skin manifestations of new coronovirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), information about which is constantly updated. However, this information has not been systematized yet. The purpose of this review is to analyze the dermatological manifestations of a new coronavirus infection. On average, 12.5—20.4% of patients with confirmed COVID-19 have developed skin manifestations. The question of whether the skin symptoms are a secondary consequence of a respiratory infection or a primary infection of the skin itself remains open at the moment. The possible mechanisms of development of skin lesions and the role of diseases of complement system and blood hypercoagulation in the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed in the article. The review also provides descriptive and clinical examples of skin manifestations in COVID-19. Since COVID-19 tends to be asymptomatic within 14 days, skin manifestations can be an indicator of infection, which leads to the timely diagnosis. In addition, doctors' awareness about skin symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection plays a big role in preventing misdiagnosis of the disease. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Skin, Oral Mucosa.
{"title":"MANIFESTATIONS OF SARS-COV-2-INDUCED COVID-19 ON THE SKIN AND ORAL MUCOSA","authors":"Nodar Sulashvili Nodar Sulashvili, Kakhaber Robakidze Kakhaber Robakidze, Irma Buchukuri Irma Buchukuri, Lela Grigolia Lela Grigolia","doi":"10.55858/ijimh01012022-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55858/ijimh01012022-08","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past centuries, it is difficult to find diseases similar in resonance to the coronа-virus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. From the day of manifestation of the infection, it has become the dominant nosology, and its etiological agent has dramatically changed, in its favor, the species spectrum of anthropogenic pathological microorganisms. The review is devoted to the skin manifestations of new coronovirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), information about which is constantly updated. However, this information has not been systematized yet. The purpose of this review is to analyze the dermatological manifestations of a new coronavirus infection. On average, 12.5—20.4% of patients with confirmed COVID-19 have developed skin manifestations. The question of whether the skin symptoms are a secondary consequence of a respiratory infection or a primary infection of the skin itself remains open at the moment. The possible mechanisms of development of skin lesions and the role of diseases of complement system and blood hypercoagulation in the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed in the article. The review also provides descriptive and clinical examples of skin manifestations in COVID-19. Since COVID-19 tends to be asymptomatic within 14 days, skin manifestations can be an indicator of infection, which leads to the timely diagnosis. In addition, doctors' awareness about skin symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection plays a big role in preventing misdiagnosis of the disease. \u0000Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Skin, Oral Mucosa.","PeriodicalId":204122,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133278854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new type of coronavirus (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 originated in Wuhan, China and has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known as SARS. By July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide will be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Typical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and shortness of breath combined with recent exposure. Most COVID-19 patients have mild to moderate illness; however, 5 to 10% have a serious and even life-threatening illness. The death rate is around 2-3%. Therefore, there was an urgent need for a specific and effective antiviral treatment. Supportive measures such as oxygenated ventilation and fluid handling remain the standard of care today. Several clinical studies are ongoing to determine the most effective drug or combination for this disease and it is highly recommended that patients be included in ongoing studies. The safety and effectiveness of antiviral drugs could only be demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. Several active ingredients such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines were currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions were aimed at determining the most effective regimen. The purpose of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for patients with COVID-19 and to review all available literature. Keywords: Worldwide, therapy, treatment, COVID-19 diseases, pandemic.
{"title":"THE SCIENTIFICS DISCUSSION OF WORLDWIDE CHALLENGES OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND GENERAL DRUG THERAPY APPROACHES TO COMBAT THE COVID-19 DISEASES","authors":"Nodar Sulashvili Nodar Sulashvili, Luiza Gabunia Luiza Gabunia, Levan Ratiani Levan Ratiani, Nana Gorgaslidze Nana Gorgaslidze, Ketevan Ghambashidze Ketevan Ghambashidze, Elena Varazi Elena Varazi, Natia Antia Natia Antia","doi":"10.55858/ijimh01012022-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55858/ijimh01012022-39","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of coronavirus (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 originated in Wuhan, China and has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known as SARS. By July 1, 2020, more than 10 million people worldwide will be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Typical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough, and shortness of breath combined with recent exposure. Most COVID-19 patients have mild to moderate illness; however, 5 to 10% have a serious and even life-threatening illness. The death rate is around 2-3%. Therefore, there was an urgent need for a specific and effective antiviral treatment. Supportive measures such as oxygenated ventilation and fluid handling remain the standard of care today. Several clinical studies are ongoing to determine the most effective drug or combination for this disease and it is highly recommended that patients be included in ongoing studies. The safety and effectiveness of antiviral drugs could only be demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. Several active ingredients such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, monoclonal antibodies, antisense RNA, corticosteroids, convalescent plasma and vaccines were currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions were aimed at determining the most effective regimen. The purpose of this article is to describe the treatment strategies that have been used for patients with COVID-19 and to review all available literature.\u0000Keywords: Worldwide, therapy, treatment, COVID-19 diseases, pandemic.","PeriodicalId":204122,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123385186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work represents experimental and morphological studies of regeneration of damaged areas of maxillo-facial bones. Time course of healing of induced defects in the low jaw bone filled with bioplast - dent and was studied in experimental rabbits. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 four rabbits from each group were killed and the defect investigated by X-ray and histological methods. We stained the micropreparations ith hematoxilineeosine. Bioplast - dent granulate exerted the best effect on bone repair. In experiments with bioplast - dent, bone regenerate replaced up to one half of the area of defect by day 28. Keywords: Osteogenesis stimulation, reparative regeneration, morphological, X-ray.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH USAGE OF BIOPLAST - DENT IN EXPERIMENT","authors":"Nodar Sulashvili Nodar Sulashvili, Tamar Okropiridze Tamar Okropiridze","doi":"10.55858/ijimh01012022-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55858/ijimh01012022-30","url":null,"abstract":"The work represents experimental and morphological studies of regeneration of damaged areas of maxillo-facial bones. Time course of healing of induced defects in the low jaw bone filled with bioplast - dent and was studied in experimental rabbits. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 four rabbits from each group were killed and the defect investigated by X-ray and histological methods. We stained the micropreparations ith hematoxilineeosine. Bioplast - dent granulate exerted the best effect on bone repair. In experiments with bioplast - dent, bone regenerate replaced up to one half of the area of defect by day 28. \u0000Keywords: Osteogenesis stimulation, reparative regeneration, morphological, X-ray.","PeriodicalId":204122,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123153420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the study was to analyze the modern scientific research development issues of higher pharmacy education, science, innovation and perspectives towards on universal pharmacist’ profession globally. The study was a quantitative investigation and analysis of the characteristics of pharmaceutical vocational inquires and challenges in the direction on pharmacists’ profession, role, problems, perspectives and innovations in pharmaceutics and medicine in Georgia by using questionnaires. Were conducted a survey study. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. The 7 types of approved questionnaires were used (Respondents were randomly selected): Questionnaire for chief pharmacists: 410 chief pharmacists participated in the study. Questionnaire for patients: 1506 patients (customers of drug-stores) participated in the study. Questionnaire for the employed pharmacy faculty-student: 222 employed pharmacy faculty students participated in the study. Questionnaire for health-care specialists: 307 public health specialists participated in the study. Questionnaire for pharmacist specialist, 810 pharmacist specialists participated in the study. Were used methods of systematic, sociological (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematical-statistical, graphical analysis. The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0. A Chi-square test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p< 0.05 as significant for all analyses. According to the study results, the level of basic training of pharmacists should be in compliance with the contemporary requirements. The pharmacist should have deep knowledge in pharmacology, in pharmacotherapy, in toxicology, in pharmaceutical care, in clinical pharmacy, in pharmacokinetics, in pharmacodynamics, in basic of medicine and in other pre-clinical and clinical directions. Such knowledge can be obtained only in the higher pharmaceutical education institutions. Therefore, pharmacist working in pharmacy must have only higher pharmaceutical education. It is necessary to provide a deep cooperation between pharmacists and physicians on the issues of pharmacotherapy and healthcare to ensure the patients’ health state effective improvement, and also to provide the best feedback regulation and revision in the healthcare specialists’ team work. Pharmacists also should be responsible for registration of the drugs’ side effect, as well as be attentive in case of improperness and professional defects of drugs they provide. To achieve that it is necessary to raise awareness of specialists on the essence of pharmacists’ profession and functions among the medical personnel and general public. Keywords: scientific, pharmacist, pharmacy, profession, medicine, pharmaceutics, education.
{"title":"MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF HIGHER PHARMACY EDUCATION, SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS ON UNIVERSAL PHARMACIST’ PROFESSION GLOBALLY","authors":"Nodar Sulashvili Nodar Sulashvili, Nana Gorgaslidze Nana Gorgaslidze, Luiza Gabunia Luiza Gabunia, Ketevan Ghambashidze Ketevan Ghambashidze, Irine Zarnadze Irine Zarnadze, Shalva Zarnadze Shalva Zarnadze","doi":"10.55858/ijimh01012022-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55858/ijimh01012022-14","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study was to analyze the modern scientific research development issues of higher pharmacy education, science, innovation and perspectives towards on universal pharmacist’ profession globally. The study was a quantitative investigation and analysis of the characteristics of pharmaceutical vocational inquires and challenges in the direction on pharmacists’ profession, role, problems, perspectives and innovations in pharmaceutics and medicine in Georgia by using questionnaires. Were conducted a survey study. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. The 7 types of approved questionnaires were used (Respondents were randomly selected): Questionnaire for chief pharmacists: 410 chief pharmacists participated in the study. Questionnaire for patients: 1506 patients (customers of drug-stores) participated in the study. Questionnaire for the employed pharmacy faculty-student: 222 employed pharmacy faculty students participated in the study. Questionnaire for health-care specialists: 307 public health specialists participated in the study. Questionnaire for pharmacist specialist, 810 pharmacist specialists participated in the study. Were used methods of systematic, sociological (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematical-statistical, graphical analysis. The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0. A Chi-square test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p< 0.05 as significant for all analyses. According to the study results, the level of basic training of pharmacists should be in compliance with the contemporary requirements. The pharmacist should have deep knowledge in pharmacology, in pharmacotherapy, in toxicology, in pharmaceutical care, in clinical pharmacy, in pharmacokinetics, in pharmacodynamics, in basic of medicine and in other pre-clinical and clinical directions. Such knowledge can be obtained only in the higher pharmaceutical education institutions. Therefore, pharmacist working in pharmacy must have only higher pharmaceutical education. It is necessary to provide a deep cooperation between pharmacists and physicians on the issues of pharmacotherapy and healthcare to ensure the patients’ health state effective improvement, and also to provide the best feedback regulation and revision in the healthcare specialists’ team work. Pharmacists also should be responsible for registration of the drugs’ side effect, as well as be attentive in case of improperness and professional defects of drugs they provide. To achieve that it is necessary to raise awareness of specialists on the essence of pharmacists’ profession and functions among the medical personnel and general public.\u0000Keywords: scientific, pharmacist, pharmacy, profession, medicine, pharmaceutics, education.","PeriodicalId":204122,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127943938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.55858/ijimh01012022-34
Sain Safarova Sain Safarova
ABSTRACT Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a significantly higher risk of fractures, even with normal or elevated bone mineral density (BMD). It was found that in the general population among women, the incidence of osteoporosis is more than 30% in the menopausal period and 43.3% among postmenopausal women, while among people with type 2 diabetes it reaches 75%. An aggravating risk factor in this case is the period of transition of patients with diabetes to postmenopausal age. DM, already predisposing to osteoporotic processes, is aggravated by postmenopausal osteoporosis. Comorbid exacerbation of these processes, which have different mechanisms of action on the bone structure, exacerbates changes in bone characteristics. At the same time, for DM, the most characteristic is a violation of the structure of the cortical bone, mainly the femoral neck and peripheral skeleton, and in postmenopausal osteoporosis, mainly trabecular tissue is damaged, with a predominant lesion of the vertebrae. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of this influence remain poorly understood. Objective: to evaluate the features of changes in BMD in the lumbar spine and proximal femur in patients with type 2 DM aggravated by postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 96 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 32 control women without diabetes were assessed for bone mineral density (BMD, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), biochemical bone markers β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTx) and total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and glucose metabolism. Results: In patients with type 2 diabetes When comparing the indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and bone density, a fairly high degree of correlation was found only between the indicators of bone mineral density and ionized calcium (r = -0.321; p = 0.03), as well as between the BMD of the LI-LIV zone and beta-CTx marker (r = -0.436; p = 0.006), which indicates increased bone resorption. At the same time, starting from the state of diabetes subcompensation, bone tissue resorption significantly and significantly increased bone resorption (increased levels of beta-CTx) in 76% of patients and reduced bone mineral density. Conclusion: Our data support the ability of the beta-CTx marker to detect differences in the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM compared with non-diabetic controls. The activity of total alkaline phosphatase does not reflect the essence of metabolic changes in bone tissue in diabetes mellitus. It should be noted that in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, osteopenic syndrome depends not so much on age as on the duration of the disease, the degree of compensation of the glycemic profile. Also, the higher the HbA1c level in women with diabetes, the lower the bone density of the lumbar spine. Assessment of the state of bone mineral density and indicators of its metabolism in postmenopausal women with diabetes will allow ti
{"title":"RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL PERIOD","authors":"Sain Safarova Sain Safarova","doi":"10.55858/ijimh01012022-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55858/ijimh01012022-34","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000\u0000Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a significantly higher risk of fractures, even with normal or elevated bone mineral density (BMD). It was found that in the general population among women, the incidence of osteoporosis is more than 30% in the menopausal period and 43.3% among postmenopausal women, while among people with type 2 diabetes it reaches 75%. An aggravating risk factor in this case is the period of transition of patients with diabetes to postmenopausal age. DM, already predisposing to osteoporotic processes, is aggravated by postmenopausal osteoporosis. Comorbid exacerbation of these processes, which have different mechanisms of action on the bone structure, exacerbates changes in bone characteristics. At the same time, for DM, the most characteristic is a violation of the structure of the cortical bone, mainly the femoral neck and peripheral skeleton, and in postmenopausal osteoporosis, mainly trabecular tissue is damaged, with a predominant lesion of the vertebrae. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of this influence remain poorly understood.\u0000\u0000Objective: to evaluate the features of changes in BMD in the lumbar spine and proximal femur in patients with type 2 DM aggravated by postmenopausal osteoporosis.\u0000\u0000Methods: A total of 96 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 32 control women without diabetes were assessed for bone mineral density (BMD, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), biochemical bone markers β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTx) and total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and glucose metabolism.\u0000\u0000Results: In patients with type 2 diabetes When comparing the indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and bone density, a fairly high degree of correlation was found only between the indicators of bone mineral density and ionized calcium (r = -0.321; p = 0.03), as well as between the BMD of the LI-LIV zone and beta-CTx marker (r = -0.436; p = 0.006), which indicates increased bone resorption. At the same time, starting from the state of diabetes subcompensation, bone tissue resorption significantly and significantly increased bone resorption (increased levels of beta-CTx) in 76% of patients and reduced bone mineral density.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Our data support the ability of the beta-CTx marker to detect differences in the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM compared with non-diabetic controls. The activity of total alkaline phosphatase does not reflect the essence of metabolic changes in bone tissue in diabetes mellitus. It should be noted that in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, osteopenic syndrome depends not so much on age as on the duration of the disease, the degree of compensation of the glycemic profile. Also, the higher the HbA1c level in women with diabetes, the lower the bone density of the lumbar spine. Assessment of the state of bone mineral density and indicators of its metabolism in postmenopausal women with diabetes will allow ti","PeriodicalId":204122,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122419545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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