C. Nantista, W. R. Fowkes, N. Kroll, Sami G. Tantawi
Two basic designs have been developed for waveguide hybrids, or 3-dB couplers, capable of handling hundreds of megawatts at X-band. Coupling is provided by one or two connecting waveguides with h-plane junctions and matching elements. In the former case, the connecting waveguide supports two modes. Small apertures and field-enhancing e-bends are avoided to reduce the risk of RF breakdown. The h-plane symmetry also allows the use of over-moded rectangular waveguide in which the height has been increased to reduce field amplitudes without affecting the scattering matrix. The theory and designs are presented, along with the results of prototype tests of functionality and power-handling capability. Such a device is integral to the RF pulse compression or power distribution system of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) for combining, splitting, and directing power. This work was motivated by the observation of RF breakdown at power levels above 200 MW in conventional and modified magic-T's.
{"title":"Planar waveguide hybrids for very high power RF","authors":"C. Nantista, W. R. Fowkes, N. Kroll, Sami G. Tantawi","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795572","url":null,"abstract":"Two basic designs have been developed for waveguide hybrids, or 3-dB couplers, capable of handling hundreds of megawatts at X-band. Coupling is provided by one or two connecting waveguides with h-plane junctions and matching elements. In the former case, the connecting waveguide supports two modes. Small apertures and field-enhancing e-bends are avoided to reduce the risk of RF breakdown. The h-plane symmetry also allows the use of over-moded rectangular waveguide in which the height has been increased to reduce field amplitudes without affecting the scattering matrix. The theory and designs are presented, along with the results of prototype tests of functionality and power-handling capability. Such a device is integral to the RF pulse compression or power distribution system of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) for combining, splitting, and directing power. This work was motivated by the observation of RF breakdown at power levels above 200 MW in conventional and modified magic-T's.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76818117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracking studies of the Muon Collider 50 on 50 GeV collider ring show that the on-momentum dynamic aperture is limited to around 10/spl sigma/ even with the chromaticity sextupoles turned off. Numerical results from the normal form algorithm show that the tune-shift with amplitude is surprisingly large. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show that nonlinear kinematic effect originated from the large angles of particles in the interaction region is responsible for the large tune-shift which in turn limits the dynamic aperture. A comparative study of the LHC collider ring is also presented to demonstrate the difference between the two machines.
{"title":"Tune-shift with amplitude due to nonlinear kinematic effect","authors":"W. Wan","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795714","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking studies of the Muon Collider 50 on 50 GeV collider ring show that the on-momentum dynamic aperture is limited to around 10/spl sigma/ even with the chromaticity sextupoles turned off. Numerical results from the normal form algorithm show that the tune-shift with amplitude is surprisingly large. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show that nonlinear kinematic effect originated from the large angles of particles in the interaction region is responsible for the large tune-shift which in turn limits the dynamic aperture. A comparative study of the LHC collider ring is also presented to demonstrate the difference between the two machines.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82450674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Blank, J. Calame, B. Danly, B. Levush, J. Choi, M. Garven, K. Nguyen, D. Pershing
The Naval Research Laboratory is currently investigating gyro-amplifiers as high power, broadband sources for millimeter wave radars. A three-cavity Ka-band gyroklystron achieved 225 kW peak output power with 0.82% bandwidth. At W-band, several multi-cavity gyro-amplifiers have been experimentally demonstrated. A four-cavity gyroklystron amplifier has achieved 84 kW peak output power at 34% efficiency with 370 MHz bandwidth. A five-cavity gyroklystron demonstrated 72 kW peak output power with 410 MHz bandwidth and 50 dB saturated gain. For applications requiring greater bandwidth, gyrotwystron amplifiers are also under study. A four section W-band gyrotwystron demonstrated 50 kW peak output power at 925 MHz bandwidth.
{"title":"Experimental demonstration of high power millimeter wave gyro-amplifiers","authors":"M. Blank, J. Calame, B. Danly, B. Levush, J. Choi, M. Garven, K. Nguyen, D. Pershing","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795433","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Research Laboratory is currently investigating gyro-amplifiers as high power, broadband sources for millimeter wave radars. A three-cavity Ka-band gyroklystron achieved 225 kW peak output power with 0.82% bandwidth. At W-band, several multi-cavity gyro-amplifiers have been experimentally demonstrated. A four-cavity gyroklystron amplifier has achieved 84 kW peak output power at 34% efficiency with 370 MHz bandwidth. A five-cavity gyroklystron demonstrated 72 kW peak output power with 410 MHz bandwidth and 50 dB saturated gain. For applications requiring greater bandwidth, gyrotwystron amplifiers are also under study. A four section W-band gyrotwystron demonstrated 50 kW peak output power at 925 MHz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86292542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ball, B. Brabson, J. Budnick, C. Chu, D. Caussyn, J. Collins, V. Derenchuk, G. East, M. Ellison, D. Friesel, K. Fung, B. Hamilton, W. Hsi, H. Huang, W. Jones, S. Lee, D. Li, K. Ng, X. Pei, A. Riabko, T. Slaon
Experimental data on particle motion near the separatrix of the one dimensional (1-D) fourth-integer islands are analyzed. When the beam bunch is initially kicked to the separatrix orbit, we observed a strong decoherence in the coherent betatron motion. We find that, through intensive particle tracking simulation analysis, the decoherence has resulted from the beam being split into beamlets in the betatron phase space. However, we also observe an unexpected recoherence of coherence signal, which may result form a modulated closed orbit or the homoclinic structure near the separatrix.
{"title":"Beam motions near separatrix","authors":"M. Ball, B. Brabson, J. Budnick, C. Chu, D. Caussyn, J. Collins, V. Derenchuk, G. East, M. Ellison, D. Friesel, K. Fung, B. Hamilton, W. Hsi, H. Huang, W. Jones, S. Lee, D. Li, K. Ng, X. Pei, A. Riabko, T. Slaon","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.794169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.794169","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental data on particle motion near the separatrix of the one dimensional (1-D) fourth-integer islands are analyzed. When the beam bunch is initially kicked to the separatrix orbit, we observed a strong decoherence in the coherent betatron motion. We find that, through intensive particle tracking simulation analysis, the decoherence has resulted from the beam being split into beamlets in the betatron phase space. However, we also observe an unexpected recoherence of coherence signal, which may result form a modulated closed orbit or the homoclinic structure near the separatrix.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86675724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ball, J. Budnick, C. Chu, K. Fung, B. Hamilton, D. Jeon, X. Kang, L. L. Kiang, S. Lee, A. Pei, T. Sloan, K. Ng
The particle diffusion mechanism due to phase modulation on one of the RF cavities in a double RF system is studied. We find that the Einstein relation is satisfied if there is a global chaos in the phase space. On the other hand, the existence of dominant parametric resonances forces the particles streaming along the separatrix, which may result in an anomalous diffusion process. The particle tracking simulations based on the Hamiltonian for the double RF system is employed to reveal the essential diffusion mechanism. Also for the first time, a coherent octupole mode has been observed in the bunch beam excitation. The phase space evolution of the octupole mode is displayed.
{"title":"Diffusion mechanism of particle beams in the presence of phase modulation in double RF systems","authors":"M. Ball, J. Budnick, C. Chu, K. Fung, B. Hamilton, D. Jeon, X. Kang, L. L. Kiang, S. Lee, A. Pei, T. Sloan, K. Ng","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.794162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.794162","url":null,"abstract":"The particle diffusion mechanism due to phase modulation on one of the RF cavities in a double RF system is studied. We find that the Einstein relation is satisfied if there is a global chaos in the phase space. On the other hand, the existence of dominant parametric resonances forces the particles streaming along the separatrix, which may result in an anomalous diffusion process. The particle tracking simulations based on the Hamiltonian for the double RF system is employed to reveal the essential diffusion mechanism. Also for the first time, a coherent octupole mode has been observed in the bunch beam excitation. The phase space evolution of the octupole mode is displayed.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81692969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Hartung, J. Carneiro, M. Champion, H. Edwards, J. Fuerst, K. Koepke, M. Kuchnir
An electron photo-injector facility has been constructed at Fermilab for the purpose of providing a 14-18 MeV electron beam with high charge per bunch (8 nC), short bunch length (1 mm RMS), and small transverse emittance. The facility was used to commission a second-generation photo-cathode RF gun for the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) Linac at DESY; in the future, the Fermilab electron beam will be used for R and D in bunch length compression, beam diagnostics, and new acceleration techniques. Acceleration beyond 4 MeV is provided by a 9-cell superconducting cavity. The cavity also provides a longitudinal position-momentum correlation for subsequent bunch length compression. We report on the RF tests and a first beam test of this cavity.
在费米实验室建立了一个电子光注入装置，目的是提供14-18 MeV的电子束，每束高电荷(8nc)，束长短(1 mm RMS)，横向发射度小。该设施用于为DESY的特斯拉测试设施(TTF)直线加速器调试第二代光电阴极射频枪;在未来，费米实验室电子束将用于束长压缩、束诊断和新的加速技术的研发。超过4兆电子伏的加速度由一个9单元超导腔提供。该空腔还为随后的束长压缩提供了纵向位置-动量关联。我们报告了该腔的射频测试和第一束测试。
{"title":"Beam test of a superconducting cavity for the Fermilab high-brightness electron photo-injector","authors":"W. Hartung, J. Carneiro, M. Champion, H. Edwards, J. Fuerst, K. Koepke, M. Kuchnir","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795425","url":null,"abstract":"An electron photo-injector facility has been constructed at Fermilab for the purpose of providing a 14-18 MeV electron beam with high charge per bunch (8 nC), short bunch length (1 mm RMS), and small transverse emittance. The facility was used to commission a second-generation photo-cathode RF gun for the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) Linac at DESY; in the future, the Fermilab electron beam will be used for R and D in bunch length compression, beam diagnostics, and new acceleration techniques. Acceleration beyond 4 MeV is provided by a 9-cell superconducting cavity. The cavity also provides a longitudinal position-momentum correlation for subsequent bunch length compression. We report on the RF tests and a first beam test of this cavity.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84062010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intense highly collimated neutrino beams are created from muon decays at high-energy muon colliders causing significant radiation problems even at very large distances from the collider ring. A newly developed weighted neutrino interaction generator permits detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the interactions of neutrinos (and of their progeny) to be performed using the MARS code. Dose distributions in a human tissue-equivalent phantom (TEP) are calculated when irradiated with neutrino beams (100 MeV-10 TeV). Results are obtained for a bare TEP, one embedded in several shielding materials and for a TEP located at various distances behind a shield. The distance from the collider ring (up to 60 km) at which recommended annual dose limits can be met is calculated for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 TeV muon colliders. The possibility to mitigate the problem via beam wobbling is investigated.
{"title":"Neutrino induced radiation at muon colliders","authors":"N. Mokhov, A. van Ginneken","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.792184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.792184","url":null,"abstract":"Intense highly collimated neutrino beams are created from muon decays at high-energy muon colliders causing significant radiation problems even at very large distances from the collider ring. A newly developed weighted neutrino interaction generator permits detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the interactions of neutrinos (and of their progeny) to be performed using the MARS code. Dose distributions in a human tissue-equivalent phantom (TEP) are calculated when irradiated with neutrino beams (100 MeV-10 TeV). Results are obtained for a bare TEP, one embedded in several shielding materials and for a TEP located at various distances behind a shield. The distance from the collider ring (up to 60 km) at which recommended annual dose limits can be met is calculated for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 TeV muon colliders. The possibility to mitigate the problem via beam wobbling is investigated.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84737989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Doolittle, C. Hovater, L. Merminga, J. Musson, M. Wissmann
The current CEBAF Master Oscillator (MO) uses a quartz-based 10 MHz reference to synthesize 70 MHz and 499 MHz, which are then distributed to each of the klystron galleries on site. Due to the specialised nature of CEBAF's MO requirements, it has been determined that an in-house design and fabrication would provide a cost-effective alternative to purchasing or modifying vendor equipment. A Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined, Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) based MO is proposed which incorporates low-cost consumer RF components, designed for cellular communications. A 499 MHz Dielectric Resonant Oscillator (DRO) Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is phase-locked to a GPS-disciplined 10 MHz reference, and micro-tuned via a DDS, in an effort to achieve the lowest phase noise possible.
{"title":"A low-cost, NIST-traceable, high performance dielectric resonator master oscillator [for CEBAF]","authors":"L. Doolittle, C. Hovater, L. Merminga, J. Musson, M. Wissmann","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795349","url":null,"abstract":"The current CEBAF Master Oscillator (MO) uses a quartz-based 10 MHz reference to synthesize 70 MHz and 499 MHz, which are then distributed to each of the klystron galleries on site. Due to the specialised nature of CEBAF's MO requirements, it has been determined that an in-house design and fabrication would provide a cost-effective alternative to purchasing or modifying vendor equipment. A Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined, Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) based MO is proposed which incorporates low-cost consumer RF components, designed for cellular communications. A 499 MHz Dielectric Resonant Oscillator (DRO) Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is phase-locked to a GPS-disciplined 10 MHz reference, and micro-tuned via a DDS, in an effort to achieve the lowest phase noise possible.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91476661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Drozhdin, P. Lucas, N. Mokhov, C. Moore, S. Striganov
A 120 GeV Main Injector proton beam will be delivered to the NuMI beam line at Fermilab at the rate of 3.7/spl times/10/sup 20/ per year. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to examine the radiation environment in the beam extraction system and NuMI beam line elements. A complete 3-D model of the 160 meter extraction region has been implemented utilizing the computer code MARS. The model includes a description of the field of the electrostatic septa and POISSON calculated field maps of the Lambertson magnets and the other lattice components in the area. The beam element alignment and the source term have been simulated using the code STRUCT. Results on beam losses in the system, energy deposition in the core elements and residual dose rates on the components are presented.
{"title":"Radiation environment resulting from Main Injector beam extraction to the NuMi beam line","authors":"A. Drozhdin, P. Lucas, N. Mokhov, C. Moore, S. Striganov","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.792880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.792880","url":null,"abstract":"A 120 GeV Main Injector proton beam will be delivered to the NuMI beam line at Fermilab at the rate of 3.7/spl times/10/sup 20/ per year. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to examine the radiation environment in the beam extraction system and NuMI beam line elements. A complete 3-D model of the 160 meter extraction region has been implemented utilizing the computer code MARS. The model includes a description of the field of the electrostatic septa and POISSON calculated field maps of the Lambertson magnets and the other lattice components in the area. The beam element alignment and the source term have been simulated using the code STRUCT. Results on beam losses in the system, energy deposition in the core elements and residual dose rates on the components are presented.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74287450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photoelectrons produced through the interaction of synchrotron radiation and the vacuum chamber walls can be accelerated by a charged particle beam, acquiring sufficient energy to produce secondary electrons (SEs) in collisions with the walls. If the secondary-electron yield (SEY) coefficient of the wall material is greater than one, a runaway condition can develop. In addition to the SEY, the degree of amplification depends on the beam intensity and temporal distribution. As the electron cloud builds up along a train of stored bunches, a transverse perturbation of the head bunch can be communicated to trailing bunches in a wakefield-like interaction with the cloud. The electron cloud effect is especially of concern for the high-intensity PEP-II (SLAC) and KEK B-factories and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. An initiative was undertaken at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring to characterize the electron cloud in order to provide realistic limits on critical input parameters in the models and improve their predictive capabilities. An intensive research program was undertaken at CERN to address key issues relating to the LHC. After giving an overview, the recent theoretical and experimental results from the APS and the other laboratories are discussed.
{"title":"Theory and measurement of the electron cloud effect","authors":"K. Harkay","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795641","url":null,"abstract":"Photoelectrons produced through the interaction of synchrotron radiation and the vacuum chamber walls can be accelerated by a charged particle beam, acquiring sufficient energy to produce secondary electrons (SEs) in collisions with the walls. If the secondary-electron yield (SEY) coefficient of the wall material is greater than one, a runaway condition can develop. In addition to the SEY, the degree of amplification depends on the beam intensity and temporal distribution. As the electron cloud builds up along a train of stored bunches, a transverse perturbation of the head bunch can be communicated to trailing bunches in a wakefield-like interaction with the cloud. The electron cloud effect is especially of concern for the high-intensity PEP-II (SLAC) and KEK B-factories and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. An initiative was undertaken at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring to characterize the electron cloud in order to provide realistic limits on critical input parameters in the models and improve their predictive capabilities. An intensive research program was undertaken at CERN to address key issues relating to the LHC. After giving an overview, the recent theoretical and experimental results from the APS and the other laboratories are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78917406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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