Procedia environmental sciences最新文献

According to European Directive 2012/27/EU energy retrofitting of the current housing stock is being promoted. However, few studies have been carried outcharacterizing housing stock energy performance in order to incorporate energy retrofittingin cities in the southern Mediterranean area. The aim of this paper is to propose an energy assessment methodology on urban scale and to apply it to the southern Spanish province of Cadiz. This is followed by the generation of a predictive model for energy assessment in Mediterranean cities which could be further developed and used in the future to estimate overall energy efficiency on an urban scale.

The proposed paper focuses on the research of sustainability of steel buildings in the case of a double-shell brickwork cladding, assessed under fire protection criteria and fire performance aspects. More specifically, it concerns an approach in designing and evaluating the structural components of energy-efficient steel buildings with regards to their fire performance. It is important to understand what the performance criteria are intended to be applied when selecting a particular material or method, including exposure to fire, duration, aesthetics, cost and maintenance. Application of insulating materials is one of the most common means of protecting structural steel members from fire. The knowledge and the practical outcomes about the fire resistance of the steel buildings with double-brickwork cladding have been derived on the basis of an estimation and evaluation of fire resistance of several construction details of the building's envelope. The study focuses on the thermal analysis of structural steel members, whose cross-section consists of the steel member core, the thermal and fire insulation and other layers. Because of the complexity that governs the equations describing the thermal phenomena, the structural detail models have been studied using finite element analysis. This is a thermal analysis that permits to quantify the response of the respective structural elements in terms of temperature with reference to time. The aim of the expected data is to evaluate the position of a steel member in connection with the double-shell brickwork cladding and promote those construction materials that are efficient under fire taking into account simultaneously their thermophysical, hydrothermal and environmental properties.

A draft of Slovenian national technical guidelines for energy efficient renovation of cultural heritage buildings has been prepared in January 2016 in order to increase exploitation of the energy saving potential in a field of cultural heritage buildings. The guidelines include measures to improve the building thermal envelope, energy systems and installations as well as ways to increase the use of renewable energy and organizational aspects with respect to their influence upon protected features, along with warnings and recommendations. The paper presents the mentioned concept and its application on a practical case.

Waterfront development has always been a common topic of interest in urban studies. Through the special nature of coastal areas, urban development of these places has its own characteristics that influenced by the typology, view, land value and environmental factors.

In addition, social factors, that include community characteristics, local culture and traditions affect and receive effects from this development. Development of waterfronts plans should adhere to the notion that the waterfront is an inherently public asset.

Planning a waterfront development, required the city officials or a developer to start by envisioning a network of well-connected, multi-use public spaces that fit with the community's shared goals. By orienting waterfront revitalization around public spaces, new urban design should enhance the quality of existing destinations and that results in a whole city identity that is greater than the sum of its parts.

This research discusses both urban and social impacts of waterfronts development, taking Jeddah Cornish development as a case study.

The research aims at pointing out the main impacts of waterfront development on both Jeddah Urban development and social development. The research's methodology follows both quantitative and qualitative methods, and conducting a community survey that measure the main impacts of Cornish Jeddah development project.

The research concludes the main impacts of waterfront development to assure its sustainability.

Studying the case of the subsidy for electric vehicles in Great Britain (“plug-in car grant”), this research suggests an integrated impact assessment approach by coupling policy issue system modeling with stakeholder preference elicitation.

In particular, we utilize fuzzy cognitive mapping to model the policy issue as a dynamic and complex system. We further simulate the subsidy policy in the model to estimate the changes in select policy aspects. The simulation outcomes are assessed through perspectives of stakeholder groups. For the latter task, nine stakeholder groups were identified and profiled by conducting content analysis and applying the novel CAR method.

The total number of buildings in Greece amount to 4.1 million of which 20% are exclusivenon-residentialbuildings that usually have high energy consumption due to specific building uses. The present work exploits data from energy performance certificates to derive relevant benchmarks.Recommended energy conservation measures are identified and analysed to identify the most common measures.Finally, a methodology is elaborated for deriving empirical adaptation factors to relate the normative calculated heating energy consumption with actual energy use, if available.

A full coupling between a CFD code, a thermo-radiative model and a building energy simulation model enables Solene-microclimat software to calculate both building thermal behavior and urban microclimate with the retroaction of buildings on microclimate. However, this full coupling is time consuming and it is legitimate to wonder if it is always necessary to perform such detailed simulations. In the framework of the MERUBBI project, simulations were carried out to answer this question. A set of simulations was designed to explore different kinds of configurations: three cities in France (Nantes, Paris and Strasbourg), three levels of density (from an isolated building to an implementation in the dense city center) and three kinds of buildings (an individual house in Paris, a residential building in Nantes and an office building in Strasbourg). To study the sensitivity of energy demand to the coupling detail, for each thermal flux at the external surfaces of the building, several levels of details were taken into account. For the impact of wind on convection, three modalities were considered: a constant convective heat transfer coefficient, calculated from the wind velocity at 10m; a convective heat transfer coefficient calculated from a vertical wind profile; a convective heat transfer coefficient calculated from the local wind velocity simulated with a CFD code. For the impact of air temperature on convection, two modalities are considered the use of the temperature measured at the nearest meteorological station; a local temperature calculated with the CFD simulation. For the impact of long-wave radiative exchanges, three modalities: the building exchanges with the sky without taking into account the masks of the environment and the long-wave radiative exchanges with the other surfaces; the building exchanges with the sky, taking into account the mask effects but not the exchanges with the surrounding surfaces; long-wave exchanges are taken into account with all kinds of surfaces in function of view factors. For the impact of short-wave radiations, two modalities: only direct and diffuse solar fluxes are taken into account; inter-reflections are considered. The results indicate that if the calculation of air temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient have few impacts in all the cases, the way of calculating long-wave and short wave radioactive fluxes has to be carefully considered, in winter as in summer. More detailed recommendations are given according to the density of the site in which the building will be implemented.

In 2010 some people from Favara decided to initiate a process of recovery and re-appropriation of the abandoned historical centre, by establishing Farm Cultural Park, a private cultural institution. This paper aims to describe the process of sustainable design, social innovation and inclusion, triggered by the Farm Cultural Park in the historical centre of Favara which, by showing its resilience, has redefined its identity, progressing from a place of widespread, unauthorised development to a dynamic creative city.