Procedia environmental sciences最新文献

One of the most important objectives in building design is to achieve acceptable indoor comfort levels with minimum energy requirements. To accomplish this, firstly a serious consideration must be given to various construction and design parameters, such as the building's envelope structure and shape, its orientation, as well as the climatic data of the region. Secondly, as the envelope heat transmission contributes to the heating and cooling loads, the incorporation of an adequate heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC) must be considered. In this study, the effect of the thermophysical properties of a brickwork layer and the thickness of a thermal insulation layer, on the heat flows of a building zone with a varying orientation, is determined. This building zone, having a specific outline geometry, is exposed to winter conditions that correspond to the northern region of Greece (Thessaloniki). The heating loads are assessed for different indoor temperature settings within the building enclosure, while the operation of the system is assumed to be continuous. Although some other aspects could be considered, this study also stresses to the importance of incoming solar radiation by glazing surfaces on the internal surfaces of the studied building zone; the above solar heat gain analysis relies on the sunlit-pattern approach. The foregoing presentation is concerned with varying proportions of glazing surfaces to the total wall surface. As it is shown, the consideration of the above issues is influential to maintain an acceptable indoor environment, while decreasing the heat flow exchanges through building envelopes. For the purposes of this study, a lumped thermal-network model incorporating several heat flow paths has been employed (transient thermal analysis).

There is a profound ongoing change in urban settlements and this particular phenomenon can be observed principally in the relationships between central and peripheral areas.

The peripheral areas constitute the context in which the future of urban settlements can be properly tested, where the future quality of life of individuals and of communities can be prefigured. The criteria of safety, sustainability, and welfare, which will be covered in the context of peripheral areas, will become continually more important. The sense of identity and belonging, which is stronger in the central parts, is weak or lacking in the peripheral ones.

A sort of spreading centrality should be aimed at, by applying an integrated approach, with an adaptation to the specifics and without losing the required uniformity.

Social sustainability of existing healthcare (HC) facilities in future will depend on their ability to improve quality and design towards user-oriented performance. Evidence based design presents an adequate tool for analyzing existing and future design of HC facilities. Hospitals in Serbia are in a bad condition, and each year less people are choosing to be treated in public hospitals.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze current design problems by evaluating the social sustainability of existing hospital facilities in Serbia and suggest possible guidelines for further research in this area. The biggest healthcare facility in Serbia called Medical Military Academy (MMA) was selected as a case study. A group of key stakeholders consisted of patients, non-medical and medical staff from the MMA hospital were selected to collaborate. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The methodological framework consists of: fundamental literature review, participant observation, extensive interviews, and surveys. Further analyses were conducted in form of quality assessment from the perspective of aforementioned stakeholders, based on specific set of criteria, divided in two main categories: comfort/distribution and safety/humanization. This evaluation is achieved through technical analyses and qualitative surveys using questionnaires. The preliminary findings identified several key problems in existing design of the hospital, regarding both global social sustainability and specific critical areas.This paper presents in-depth analyses and first assessment of existing hospital design of this kind done in Serbia. New model for evaluation social sustainability of HC infrastructure is established. Results of this research will contribute to improving healthcare infrastructure and could present the first step on the path to creating socially sustainable healthcare facilities in Serbia.

The assessment of a building's energy performance as a design factor in the early design stages is a very demanding and complex procedure. Over the last decades, a number of tools and methods have been developed to address performance-related design questions, mostly using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms. Parametric modelling offers dynamic control over geometry and components, allowing the designer to assess multiple variants at the same time. In this paper, a new design workflow methodology is proposed, integrating evolutionary algorithms and energy simulation through Grasshopper for Rhinoceros 3d, for a comprehensive exploration of performance-based design alternatives in the building scale.

In the era of climate change, with global interest focused more and more on renewable energy sources and environmental protection, this paperfocuses on a building type with increased energy use: hotels. Initially, global tourism facts and international case studies are presented, illustrating sustainable strategies employed in hotel design to reduce energy consumption. Several decisions/actions taken are presented, illustrating the benefits of a more sustainable tourist product throughout the world, and the effect that has on the guest and the environment. The paper then focuses on Greece, where tourism is the most important industry of the country's economy. Through the presentation of successful case studies, the research presents a list of strategies that are often used in Greek hotels. By discussing compatible and environmentally conscious alternatives, the need for an increased use of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) combined with sustainable design is emphasized. This work concludes with tables of available strategies per category for new and existing buildings, which can be used by environmental engineers, designersas well as hotel owners in order to draw a plan of actions towards energy conservation and thus the upgrading of the tourist product.The aim of this research is to illustrate that following an energy audit, every hotel owner can decide upon a series of actions with a short payback period, resulting in financial savings and an attractive and, most importantly, sustainable tourist product.

Third-World countries like India are the most glaring examples of the social and environmental issues that are observed in urban settlements. However, in medieval times, cities in the Indian peninsula were functioning in a better way and with higher densities than today. This paper aims at answering the questions regarding the growth and sustenance of the concept of Green Urbanism in the settlements of medieval India by taking Agra Fort as a case study. The research intends to learn about the development and sustenance of these highly functional and dense cities in a time when modern technology was nonexistent.

The subject of this research is the identification of an experimental method to locate social-sanitary structures in some countries with situations of great emergency. At the beginning, this research analyses the collection of some data related to main characteristics of emergency areas, such as population density, health care facilities, environmental situations, proximity of the rivers, availability of infrastructure, settlements, floods and characters of the site.

Through this experimental method, each data allows to realize a map, which shows the places where are located the areas with major problems related to that specific factor. The results of each map can be compared and summarized into a complete table that allows to realize a final map with the worst situations of each areas (“stress” areas), that require priority interventions.

Finally, by recognizing a long-term strategy, this research identifies a precise case study to verify this experimental method.

Traditional renders based on lime had an aesthetic as well as a protective role for the historic masonry. They were applied in layers in order to ensure good adhesion and cohesion with the substrate but also in order to be functional. The technology of each layer was different in relation to the maximum grain size of the aggregates and the binder/aggregate ratio. Main requirements were the high water vapor permeability, the low water retention in order to avoid salt formation and the capacity of water absorption by capillarity of each layer should increase outwards. As moisture has a detrimental role in the thermal behavior of materials, an effort has been made to record the effect of layering in energy properties. Lime-based renders were tested in relation to their hybrid properties when different application techniques were followed. Two-layer renders with different technological characteristics in each layer were produced. Their behavior, in various deterioration mechanisms such as capillarity, external water uptake (measured by karsten tubes) and water vapor permeability was monitored. It seems that low porosity and adequate permeability is achieved in two-layer renders while the thermal conductivity was effective.

This research paper is the Virtualization Mae Wong National Park with respect to CHONG YEN in District of Pang Sila Thong, Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand. This software is useful for PR to the natural education, to raise awareness in natural disasters, the love and cherish about the forest, wildlife, and plant, so when there is deforestation, it will have an impact on both humans and animals. Which implement to environment include wild animals, birds and local tree, using Sketchup, Blender, and Gimp to design models, Unity 3D to create map function models, used C sharp and JavaScript to developed program. When testing and evaluating the qualities of the system, Black Box testing was used to determine were satisfied by the performances of system as follows: Means were 4.48 respectively and standard deviation were 0.65 respectively.

The sustainability assessment of building materials presents a major challenge the building physics community must approach, in order to establish justified sustainable solutions for the built environment. This study introduces EcoHestia, a comprehensive environmental building assessment tool, whose operation is based on a standardized, transparent, verifiable and internationally recognized approach life cycle approach (ISO 14040 series). The methodology as well as the rationale of EcoHestia is presented in detail. The major parameters which are considered, and the required assumptions for the development and establishment of the proposed building materials sustainability scheme are introduced and discussed in detail. A case study concerning the sustainability assessment of two buildings with the use of EcoHestia is presented and discussed.