N. Pankova, M. Lebedeva, L. Noskin, N. Khlebnikova, M. Karganov
Background. The digitalization of education makes relevant monitoring studies for assessing the impact of computer technologies on the functional status of children, their cognitive ca-pabilities and somatic support (“adaptation cost”). Aim. The paper aims to study the impact of different computer load on sensorimotor reactivity in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The data obtained in Moscow schools in 2006-2011 were analyzed. Surveys were carried out twice a year (October, March-April) in 66 different educational organizations. In total, the study included data on 4205 first-fourth year schoolchildren. To evaluate the reaction time (RT) of simple sensorimotor reactions to light (L) and acoustic (A) stimuli, the computer movement meter equipment (CMM, INTOX, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used. Also, the RTA / RTL ratio was used for analysis. Results. There is a correlation between RT (both RTL and RTA) and the general (lesson-related and extracurricular) volume of computer load. It was different depending on gender and the season, and was opposite for RTL and RTA. It was established that excessive computer load (exceeding hygienic standard requirements by 3 or more times) increased the seasonal variability of RTL in spring testing, principally in the third and fourthyear girls. However, under the influence of high computer loads, the RTA / RTL ratio also changes – seasonal varia-bility is formed as a decrease of this indicator in spring testing, principally in the third and fourth-year boys. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the ambiguity of the effect of high computer loads on sensorimotor reactivity. On the one hand, there are symptoms of fatigue in children during the academic year, which requires compensation through health promotion education. On the other hand, there is a formation of a new skill during the academic year. This period of skill formation is recommended for extension through the summer period.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF COMPUTER LOAD ON THE LATENT PERIODS OF A SIMPLE SENSORIMOTOR REACTION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN","authors":"N. Pankova, M. Lebedeva, L. Noskin, N. Khlebnikova, M. Karganov","doi":"10.14529/pps200210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/pps200210","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The digitalization of education makes relevant monitoring studies for assessing the impact of computer technologies on the functional status of children, their cognitive ca-pabilities and somatic support (“adaptation cost”). Aim. The paper aims to study the impact of different computer load on sensorimotor reactivity in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The data obtained in Moscow schools in 2006-2011 were analyzed. Surveys were carried out twice a year (October, March-April) in 66 different educational organizations. In total, the study included data on 4205 first-fourth year schoolchildren. To evaluate the reaction time (RT) of simple sensorimotor reactions to light (L) and acoustic (A) stimuli, the computer movement meter equipment (CMM, INTOX, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used. Also, the RTA / RTL ratio was used for analysis. Results. There is a correlation between RT (both RTL and RTA) and the general (lesson-related and extracurricular) volume of computer load. It was different depending on gender and the season, and was opposite for RTL and RTA. It was established that excessive computer load (exceeding hygienic standard requirements by 3 or more times) increased the seasonal variability of RTL in spring testing, principally in the third and fourthyear girls. However, under the influence of high computer loads, the RTA / RTL ratio also changes – seasonal varia-bility is formed as a decrease of this indicator in spring testing, principally in the third and fourth-year boys. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the ambiguity of the effect of high computer loads on sensorimotor reactivity. On the one hand, there are symptoms of fatigue in children during the academic year, which requires compensation through health promotion education. On the other hand, there is a formation of a new skill during the academic year. This period of skill formation is recommended for extension through the summer period.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115464071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yashchenko, Liliya Vaganovna Sarkisyan, Rimma Raisovna Melaten
Aim. The idea of studying implicit representations about a resilient person in the crosscultural context is of great interest in establishing the strategies of resilience. Materials and methods. At first stage, the associative experiment was conducted based on responses to a “resilient person” stimulus. At the next stage, the method of subjective scaling was used. The results obtained were processed with factor analysis using the Statistica 15.0 software. Results. Various factor structures of mental representations of a resilient person were revealed. Conclusion. During the study, it was revealed that ordinary representations about a resilient person in respondents from Russia, Kazakhstan and the USA possess similarities and differences. All respondents associate high resilience with the meaning of life, optimism and love of life. Respondents emphasize a high significance of determination, adaptability, self-development and personal growth. The factor structure of implicit representations in Russian students matched the results of an earlier factorization in adult Russians. Pronounced cross-cultural differences were revealed in associationsregarding family. These associations are significant for students from Kazakhstan and the USA but do not fall into the area of significance for Russians. Young people from the USA perceive the family as something that contributes to one’s resilience. Kazakh students associate resilience with the ability to create and maintain a family, to meet the hope of parents. Kazakh students consider the meaning of life, optimism, humanity, faith in God (Allah), service to him, humility (“not to be proud”) as the main things for maintaining resilience. For Russians and Americans, their pride and self-esteem are considered as more important in maintaining resilience. For Americans, resilience is determined by strength and endurance. Russian students are convinced that a resilient person consists of determination, independence, intelligence, adaptive abilities and success.
{"title":"ETHNOCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN IMPLICIT REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT A VIABLE PERSON","authors":"E. Yashchenko, Liliya Vaganovna Sarkisyan, Rimma Raisovna Melaten","doi":"10.14529/jpps190304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190304","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The idea of studying implicit representations about a resilient person in the crosscultural context is of great interest in establishing the strategies of resilience. Materials and methods. At first stage, the associative experiment was conducted based on responses to a “resilient person” stimulus. At the next stage, the method of subjective scaling was used. The results obtained were processed with factor analysis using the Statistica 15.0 software. Results. Various factor structures of mental representations of a resilient person were revealed. Conclusion. During the study, it was revealed that ordinary representations about a resilient person in respondents from Russia, Kazakhstan and the USA possess similarities and differences. All respondents associate high resilience with the meaning of life, optimism and love of life. Respondents emphasize a high significance of determination, adaptability, self-development and personal growth. The factor structure of implicit representations in Russian students matched the results of an earlier factorization in adult Russians. Pronounced cross-cultural differences were revealed in associationsregarding family. These associations are significant for students from Kazakhstan and the USA but do not fall into the area of significance for Russians. Young people from the USA perceive the family as something that contributes to one’s resilience. Kazakh students associate resilience with the ability to create and maintain a family, to meet the hope of parents. Kazakh students consider the meaning of life, optimism, humanity, faith in God (Allah), service to him, humility (“not to be proud”) as the main things for maintaining resilience. For Russians and Americans, their pride and self-esteem are considered as more important in maintaining resilience. For Americans, resilience is determined by strength and endurance. Russian students are convinced that a resilient person consists of determination, independence, intelligence, adaptive abilities and success.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116175951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To comply with the requirements of the professional standard, social work experts face the high risks determined by the responsibility for a high quality result under conditions of limited financial resources, as well as emotional and information overload. The article deals with establishing the features of psychological, psychophysiological, and job-related characteristics of social work experts determining the success of their professional activities. The study is based on the theoretical, methodical, and expert analysis of the scientific literature. Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific data were used for the study. Results. The different points of view on the notion of social work were synthesized, and the author’s definition of this notion was formulated. The requirements to the job-related characteristics of social work experts were analyzed, including the specific features of psychological and psychophysiological profiles. The necessity of taking into account personal and functional characteristics of social work experts was justified for the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation. Conclusion. Currently, social work still remains an unstable definition the content of which is constantly transforming and used as a dynamically changing concept. The majority of Russian authors mostly relies on the modification of social work, which is connected with helping people experiencing life difficulties. Such approach does not take into account all directions and risks connected with professional activities and limits the requirements to the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation.
{"title":"PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL WORK EXPERTS (ANALYTICAL REVIEW)","authors":"E. Antipova","doi":"10.14529/jpps190303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190303","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To comply with the requirements of the professional standard, social work experts face the high risks determined by the responsibility for a high quality result under conditions of limited financial resources, as well as emotional and information overload. The article deals with establishing the features of psychological, psychophysiological, and job-related characteristics of social work experts determining the success of their professional activities. The study is based on the theoretical, methodical, and expert analysis of the scientific literature. Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific data were used for the study. Results. The different points of view on the notion of social work were synthesized, and the author’s definition of this notion was formulated. The requirements to the job-related characteristics of social work experts were analyzed, including the specific features of psychological and psychophysiological profiles. The necessity of taking into account personal and functional characteristics of social work experts was justified for the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation. Conclusion. Currently, social work still remains an unstable definition the content of which is constantly transforming and used as a dynamically changing concept. The majority of Russian authors mostly relies on the modification of social work, which is connected with helping people experiencing life difficulties. Such approach does not take into account all directions and risks connected with professional activities and limits the requirements to the labor organization based on the principles of ergonomics and health preservation.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. In the present work, victimity is considered as a psychological deviation manifestingin specific behavioral responses that characterize the type of potential victim. The emphasis ismade on the necessity of taking into account a realized victimity of a person, the formation of itsadequate forms and its correction at the stage of professional training. The article is aimed at establishingthe style characteristics of behavior self-regulation in students with various victimity.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the results obtained according to the “Realizedvictimity” scale (the “Tendency to victim behavior” questionnaire) all subjects were divided intotwo groups: an average (n = 36) and below-average (n = 53) victimity. The data on victimity, behaviorself-regulation and emotional intelligence in students of the pedagogical university wereobtained using the corresponding questionnaires: “Tendency to victim behavior”, “Style of behaviorself-regulation”, “Emotional intelligence”. Results. In the structure of students’ victimity,high values are observed on scales that assess the tendency to addictive and helpless behavior, toaggressive victim behavior, to self-damaging and self-destructive behavior, and to non-criticalbehavior. When comparing groups of students with various victimity, the following features wereregistered expressed in the differences in the style characteristics of behavior self-regulation (inthe implementation of modeling, assessment and flexible interaction); in the absence of differencesin the parameters of emotional intelligence. Conclusion. Features of behavior selfregulationin students are determined by their victimity. Subjects with low victimity are twice aslikely to show high behavior self-regulation compared to respondents with average victimity. Theidentified risk group of students who are prone to addictive and helpless behavior requires specialmeasures to accompany their social adaptation at the university. When it comes to the formationof professional competencies of the future teacher, it is advisable to include in the program ofelective courses the analysis of the results of studies of victimity in students, pedagogical workers,as well as ways to correct victim identity deformation.
{"title":"STYLE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR SELF-REGULATION IN STUDENTS WITH VARIOUS VICTIMITY","authors":"R. I. Frolova, O. Baiguzhina","doi":"10.14529/jpps190301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190301","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In the present work, victimity is considered as a psychological deviation manifestingin specific behavioral responses that characterize the type of potential victim. The emphasis ismade on the necessity of taking into account a realized victimity of a person, the formation of itsadequate forms and its correction at the stage of professional training. The article is aimed at establishingthe style characteristics of behavior self-regulation in students with various victimity.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the results obtained according to the “Realizedvictimity” scale (the “Tendency to victim behavior” questionnaire) all subjects were divided intotwo groups: an average (n = 36) and below-average (n = 53) victimity. The data on victimity, behaviorself-regulation and emotional intelligence in students of the pedagogical university wereobtained using the corresponding questionnaires: “Tendency to victim behavior”, “Style of behaviorself-regulation”, “Emotional intelligence”. Results. In the structure of students’ victimity,high values are observed on scales that assess the tendency to addictive and helpless behavior, toaggressive victim behavior, to self-damaging and self-destructive behavior, and to non-criticalbehavior. When comparing groups of students with various victimity, the following features wereregistered expressed in the differences in the style characteristics of behavior self-regulation (inthe implementation of modeling, assessment and flexible interaction); in the absence of differencesin the parameters of emotional intelligence. Conclusion. Features of behavior selfregulationin students are determined by their victimity. Subjects with low victimity are twice aslikely to show high behavior self-regulation compared to respondents with average victimity. Theidentified risk group of students who are prone to addictive and helpless behavior requires specialmeasures to accompany their social adaptation at the university. When it comes to the formationof professional competencies of the future teacher, it is advisable to include in the program ofelective courses the analysis of the results of studies of victimity in students, pedagogical workers,as well as ways to correct victim identity deformation.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Professional identity in modern psychological and pedagogical studies is connected withthe issues of professional self-determination, personality development, and self-actualization andreflected in the maturity of professional self-identification. Identifying oneself with other people inintercultural communication is a dynamic characteristic of professional identity. A positive professionalidentity is provided by the confidence in the choice made and respect for profession in society.The purpose of this article is to reveal the communicative and emotional indicators of professionalidentity in future doctors, which are formed during their study in medical universities. Materialsand methods. Communicative and emotional indicators reflect the professional qualities of adoctor directly connected with communication and the ability to control emotions in a dialog betweena patient and doctor. Such indicators include objective, standardized, and constructive communicationprocedure, the ability to control one’s emotions and the emotions of other people. Thearticle provides the data of the empirical study of communicative and emotional indicators obtainedwith the following methods: “The assessment of the correlation between ‘I am an ideal doctor’ and‘I am a real doctor’”, “Hall’s EQ emotional intelligence test”. Fifty students from the medical universityaged from 19 to 22 years participated in the study. Statistical processing of the data obtainedwas performed by means of cluster and correlation analysis (Spearman correlation analysis) withthe SPSS Statistics 17.0 software. Results. The analysis of empirical data about the correlationsbetween the indicators was performed, the main stages of their formation during the study inmedical universities were described. Conclusion. The communicative and emotional indicatorsof professional identity in future doctors are formed during their study in medical universities.The correlations between a standardized communication procedure, the control of one’s emotionsand the emotions of other people are genetically primary. These conclusions allow us to describethe main stages of psychological and pedagogical provision of professional identity in future doctors:the first stage is connected with acquiring the rules of professional etiquette, speech cultureand techniques, the methods of nonverbal communication and listening to patients; the secondstage deals with the ability to control one’s emotions and to be objective; the third stage contributesto problem-solving skills in a form of role and business games aimed at the development ofemotional and communicative qualities.
{"title":"COMMUNICATIVE AND EMOTIONAL INDICATORS OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN FUTURE DOCTORS","authors":"D. A. Dubrovina, V. Shumakov, O. Titova","doi":"10.14529/jpps190302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190302","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Professional identity in modern psychological and pedagogical studies is connected withthe issues of professional self-determination, personality development, and self-actualization andreflected in the maturity of professional self-identification. Identifying oneself with other people inintercultural communication is a dynamic characteristic of professional identity. A positive professionalidentity is provided by the confidence in the choice made and respect for profession in society.The purpose of this article is to reveal the communicative and emotional indicators of professionalidentity in future doctors, which are formed during their study in medical universities. Materialsand methods. Communicative and emotional indicators reflect the professional qualities of adoctor directly connected with communication and the ability to control emotions in a dialog betweena patient and doctor. Such indicators include objective, standardized, and constructive communicationprocedure, the ability to control one’s emotions and the emotions of other people. Thearticle provides the data of the empirical study of communicative and emotional indicators obtainedwith the following methods: “The assessment of the correlation between ‘I am an ideal doctor’ and‘I am a real doctor’”, “Hall’s EQ emotional intelligence test”. Fifty students from the medical universityaged from 19 to 22 years participated in the study. Statistical processing of the data obtainedwas performed by means of cluster and correlation analysis (Spearman correlation analysis) withthe SPSS Statistics 17.0 software. Results. The analysis of empirical data about the correlationsbetween the indicators was performed, the main stages of their formation during the study inmedical universities were described. Conclusion. The communicative and emotional indicatorsof professional identity in future doctors are formed during their study in medical universities.The correlations between a standardized communication procedure, the control of one’s emotionsand the emotions of other people are genetically primary. These conclusions allow us to describethe main stages of psychological and pedagogical provision of professional identity in future doctors:the first stage is connected with acquiring the rules of professional etiquette, speech cultureand techniques, the methods of nonverbal communication and listening to patients; the secondstage deals with the ability to control one’s emotions and to be objective; the third stage contributesto problem-solving skills in a form of role and business games aimed at the development ofemotional and communicative qualities.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132680488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, issue of identification of the psychophysiological and psychological characteristics that distinguish professionally successful highly qualified athletes is considered in the context of solving the problems of psychological selection in high performance sports and improving the methods of predictive assessments. Based on a study of 354 active members of the Russian national sport teams, it has been empirically proven that male athletes who are professionally successful (high-performing athletes) differ from other athletes by more pronounced psychomotor, communication, general activity and, consequently, by more pronounced indicators of general adaptation potential. In turn, women professionally successful in sports are characterized by more pronounced indicators of intellectual endurance, plasticity, motor speed. In addition, they had higher scores on psychomotor, intellectual, general activity indicators of general adaptation potential than their less successful colleagues- sportswomen. Intergroup comparison of the studied characteristics of men and women professionally successful in sports did not reveal any significant differences in the pronouncedness of generalized indices for all types of activity, emotionality and adaptability. In contrast, successful male athletes differed from successful female athletes by more developed skills for modeling and evaluating results. In turn, successful athletes were characterized by higher level of regulatory flexibility and autonomy. The obtained results have a high practical significance for solving the problem of professional success prediction by studying characteristics that provide high level of sport achievements. The results of this research will significantly improve the effectiveness of predictive assessment methods in the domain of professional selection of candidates for national sport teams.
{"title":"FEATURES OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL PROCESSES AND SELF-REGULATION OF SPORTSMEN OF HIGH QUALIFICATION WITH DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"M. S. Sevost’yanova, I. Loginova","doi":"10.14529/jpps190201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190201","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, issue of identification of the psychophysiological and psychological characteristics that distinguish professionally successful highly qualified athletes is considered in the context of solving the problems of psychological selection in high performance sports and improving the methods of predictive assessments. Based on a study of 354 active members of the Russian national sport teams, it has been empirically proven that male athletes who are professionally successful (high-performing athletes) differ from other athletes by more pronounced psychomotor, communication, general activity and, consequently, by more pronounced indicators of general adaptation potential. In turn, women professionally successful in sports are characterized by more pronounced indicators of intellectual endurance, plasticity, motor speed. In addition, they had higher scores on psychomotor, intellectual, general activity indicators of general adaptation potential than their less successful colleagues- sportswomen. Intergroup comparison of the studied characteristics of men and women professionally successful in sports did not reveal any significant differences in the pronouncedness of generalized indices for all types of activity, emotionality and adaptability. In contrast, successful male athletes differed from successful female athletes by more developed skills for modeling and evaluating results. In turn, successful athletes were characterized by higher level of regulatory flexibility and autonomy. The obtained results have a high practical significance for solving the problem of professional success prediction by studying characteristics that provide high level of sport achievements. The results of this research will significantly improve the effectiveness of predictive assessment methods in the domain of professional selection of candidates for national sport teams.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121905330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The publication reveals and experimentally confirms key opportunities of using a case method for developing reflection, which include: organization of personal experience awareness and learning new subject identifications, identities, and positions. It is shown that the process of developing reflection is unfolding through the organization of decentration, reconstruction, subjectivation, objectification and approbation of new experience. Two versions of reflection development (toward self-development (reflection of the reflection) and toward system informa tion processing) received experimental confirmation. It was determined that due to organized work with the case, a reflection tendency toward distortions, characteristic of youthful age, was significantly changed toward the subject's true representation of his reflection. The diagnostic, developmental and control characteristics of the matrix reflexive form, which represents the modal-intentional model of reflection, were indicated.
{"title":"CASE-METHOD AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR REFLECTION DEVELOPMENT","authors":"T. Sizikova, O. Durachenko","doi":"10.14529/jpps190202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190202","url":null,"abstract":"The publication reveals and experimentally confirms key opportunities of using a case method for developing reflection, which include: organization of personal experience awareness and learning new subject identifications, identities, and positions. It is shown that the process of developing reflection is unfolding through the organization of decentration, reconstruction, subjectivation, objectification and approbation of new experience. Two versions of reflection development (toward self-development (reflection of the reflection) and toward system informa tion processing) received experimental confirmation. It was determined that due to organized work with the case, a reflection tendency toward distortions, characteristic of youthful age, was significantly changed toward the subject's true representation of his reflection. The diagnostic, developmental and control characteristics of the matrix reflexive form, which represents the modal-intentional model of reflection, were indicated.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116863397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human individuality, presented on different levels (from biological to social ones), is of a high interest in Russian psychology, and the method of correlation design is widely used among researches, because it allows revealing relationships between multi-level properties of individuality. The present article examines several methodical aspects of the correlation analysis implementation, discussing problems and possible solutions. In particular, it considers the issue of nonlinear dependencies (parabolic, hyperbolic etc.), which are impossible to reveal by common correlation methods, but which can be uncovered by using nonlinear correlations, such as correlation index, correlation ratio, maximal information coefficient, distance correlation, maximal correlation, “partial moments” method. Furthermore, it considers the necessity of visualizing variables correlation (scatterplots) that enables to reveal hidden data structures, for example, subgroups. Special attention is paid to correlations corrections for restriction of range and related difficulties that are well-known, but scarcely researched in Russian psychology. In process of investigating plentiful pairwise correlations between individuality properties on different levels it is important to consider anissue of multiple comparisons, which, however, is rarely taken into the account by researches, leading to false results in many occasions. Moreover, the article examines robust statistical methods, particularly permutation tests and bootstrap. These methods combine robustness and high power. Finally, the study observes such issues as the completeness of results presentation and current debates about significance level, effect size and confidence intervals, reproducibility of psychological researches, and meta-analysis approach. Significance level has often been criticized; interval estimates and effect size were supposed to replace it. However, the problem of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) has not been completely solved yet. A possible solution is presentation of complete data on research results including precise significance level, confidence intervals, effect size and etc. These estimations can be then applied in meta-analysis, which allows moving on to a new level of scientific generalizations.
{"title":"ON SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALITY","authors":"A. Kalugin","doi":"10.14529/jpps190203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190203","url":null,"abstract":"Human individuality, presented on different levels (from biological to social ones), is of a high interest in Russian psychology, and the method of correlation design is widely used among researches, because it allows revealing relationships between multi-level properties of individuality. The present article examines several methodical aspects of the correlation analysis implementation, discussing problems and possible solutions. In particular, it considers the issue of nonlinear dependencies (parabolic, hyperbolic etc.), which are impossible to reveal by common correlation methods, but which can be uncovered by using nonlinear correlations, such as correlation index, correlation ratio, maximal information coefficient, distance correlation, maximal correlation, “partial moments” method. Furthermore, it considers the necessity of visualizing variables correlation (scatterplots) that enables to reveal hidden data structures, for example, subgroups. Special attention is paid to correlations corrections for restriction of range and related difficulties that are well-known, but scarcely researched in Russian psychology. In process of investigating plentiful pairwise correlations between individuality properties on different levels it is important to consider anissue of multiple comparisons, which, however, is rarely taken into the account by researches, leading to false results in many occasions. Moreover, the article examines robust statistical methods, particularly permutation tests and bootstrap. These methods combine robustness and high power. Finally, the study observes such issues as the completeness of results presentation and current debates about significance level, effect size and confidence intervals, reproducibility of psychological researches, and meta-analysis approach. Significance level has often been criticized; interval estimates and effect size were supposed to replace it. However, the problem of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) has not been completely solved yet. A possible solution is presentation of complete data on research results including precise significance level, confidence intervals, effect size and etc. These estimations can be then applied in meta-analysis, which allows moving on to a new level of scientific generalizations.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116130482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alpha-stimulating neurobiofeedback is actively introduced into sports training. Successful training contributes to optimal functioning and sports performance enhancement. However, not all athletes are able to achieve their goals. The main problem is the absence of the data explaining the effect of sports qualification, specialization, and gender on successful neurobiofeedback. Aim. The article deals with establishing the correlation between sports qualification, specialization (depending on movement character), gender, and successful neurobiofeedback. Materials and methods. 216 athletes (124 males and 92 females) participated in a 15-day neurobiofeedback course with the Boslab-alpha equipment (Russia). The average age of participants is 19 ± 0.1 years. All participants have 5 or more years of sports experience. All athletes provided their written informed consent for participation in the study. The 25–30-minute sessions of neurobiofeedback were conducted once per day. The electrodes were set up in the frontal and parietal area in a bipolar mode according to the 10–20 international system (F1 and P3). The increase in the spectrum power of alpha range by no less than 10 % compared to the previous session was considered as successful neurobiofeedback. We calculated the percentage of successful and unsuccessful training sessions for each participant. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed with the help of SPSS 13.0 software. Results. The study of successful training in athletes divided into groups in terms of gender, sports qualification, and sports specialization did not reveal any statistically significant differences. By using multifactor dispersion analysis, it was established that successful neurobiofeedback in athletes depended on all the abovementioned factors (F = 2.780; P < 0.05). Conclusion. Successful neurobiofeedback in athletes is determined by the combination of three factors (gender, sports specialization, sports qualification), which do not possess significant effect when studied separately.
{"title":"FACTORS DETERMINING SUCCESSFUL NEUROBIOFEEDBACK IN ATHLETES","authors":"L. Cherapkina","doi":"10.14529/jpps190207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190207","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha-stimulating neurobiofeedback is actively introduced into sports training. Successful training contributes to optimal functioning and sports performance enhancement. However, not all athletes are able to achieve their goals. The main problem is the absence of the data explaining the effect of sports qualification, specialization, and gender on successful neurobiofeedback. Aim. The article deals with establishing the correlation between sports qualification, specialization (depending on movement character), gender, and successful neurobiofeedback. Materials and methods. 216 athletes (124 males and 92 females) participated in a 15-day neurobiofeedback course with the Boslab-alpha equipment (Russia). The average age of participants is 19 ± 0.1 years. All participants have 5 or more years of sports experience. All athletes provided their written informed consent for participation in the study. The 25–30-minute sessions of neurobiofeedback were conducted once per day. The electrodes were set up in the frontal and parietal area in a bipolar mode according to the 10–20 international system (F1 and P3). The increase in the spectrum power of alpha range by no less than 10 % compared to the previous session was considered as successful neurobiofeedback. We calculated the percentage of successful and unsuccessful training sessions for each participant. Statistical analysis of the \u0000data obtained was performed with the help of SPSS 13.0 software. Results. The study of successful training in athletes divided into groups in terms of gender, sports qualification, and sports specialization did not reveal any statistically significant differences. By using multifactor dispersion analysis, it was established that successful neurobiofeedback in athletes depended on all the abovementioned factors (F = 2.780; P < 0.05). Conclusion. Successful neurobiofeedback in athletes is determined by the combination of three factors (gender, sports specialization, sports qualification), which do not possess significant effect when studied separately.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite 70-year history of 8-color version of the Lüscher Test there are surprisingly few empirical data so far confirming its reliability and validity. The current study aimed to fill this gap. Construct validity of popular scores of the test (ranks of color’s choices and some derivative indexes) was investigated by means of their comparison with supposedly relevant personality trait scores measured by some questionnaires. In five student’s and three military samples (Ntotal = 6643) we could not reveal any consistent evidence of a link between color preferences and the personality traits. Temporary stability of Lüscher Test scores was investigated in four samples by a total number of 1067 subjects. Stability estimates at different modes of the test administration are amounted to r = 0,319–0,473, that is quite insufficient for reliable assessment of personality traits. The results obtained are considered as evidence of uselessness of the Lüscher Test application in high stake context. Also our data call into question a validity of popular systems of interpretations of color preferences, at least in terms of personality traits.
{"title":"IS IT POSSIBLE TO ASSESS PERSONALITY TRAITS BY MEANS OF LÜSCHER TEST?","authors":"K. Sugonyaev","doi":"10.14529/jpps190204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps190204","url":null,"abstract":"Despite 70-year history of 8-color version of the Lüscher Test there are surprisingly few empirical data so far confirming its reliability and validity. The current study aimed to fill this gap. Construct validity of popular scores of the test (ranks of color’s choices and some derivative indexes) was investigated by means of their comparison with supposedly relevant personality trait scores measured by some questionnaires. In five student’s and three military samples (Ntotal = 6643) we could not reveal any consistent evidence of a link between color preferences and the personality traits. Temporary stability of Lüscher Test scores was investigated in four samples by a total number of 1067 subjects. Stability estimates at different modes of the test administration are amounted to r = 0,319–0,473, that is quite insufficient for reliable assessment of personality traits. The results obtained are considered as evidence of uselessness of the Lüscher Test application in high stake context. Also our data call into question a validity of popular systems of interpretations of color preferences, at least in terms of personality traits.","PeriodicalId":205668,"journal":{"name":"Психология. Психофизиология","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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