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Technological and Institutional Space, Entrepreneurial Activities and Innovation in Asian Economies 亚洲经济体的技术和制度空间、创业活动和创新
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/23939575241230979
Hironori Tohyama
The East Asian region has shown increased innovation performance over the past 20 years. At the same time, individual economies within the region have shown divergent performance. This article investigated the relationship between institutional potentials, entrepreneurial activities and innovation in 12 Asian economies in order to address the question of why innovation performance in Asian economies has been dynamic as well as divergent. We empirically examine the question in the following two steps. First, we apply a multiple factor analysis to a range of indicators of multiple institutional domains that are relevant to a technological system, and we show that there can be diversity of institutional space underlying a technological architecture. Second, we investigate how and to what extent technological and institutional dimensions—derived from multiple factor analysis (MFA)—affect innovation performance by using an ordered logit model. We find that there is a diversity of technological and institutional systems available for innovation activities, leading to different innovation systems, and that entrepreneurial activity is essential for a technological and institutional potential to be linked with innovative activity. The positive synergy between innovation, technological and institutional potentials and entrepreneurial activities results in different trajectories for Asian economies to lead to increasing innovation performance. This finding implies that there can be multiple ways for emerging economies to be able to develop innovative capabilities. It also contributes to innovation policy, because it allows policymakers in emerging economies to understand how to build a synergy between institutional spaces and entrepreneurs’ activities for innovation performance.
在过去 20 年里,东亚地区的创新业绩不断提高。与此同时,区域内各经济体的表现也不尽相同。本文研究了 12 个亚洲经济体的制度潜力、创业活动和创新之间的关系,以探讨亚洲经济体的创新表现为何既活跃又分化的问题。我们分以下两步对这一问题进行了实证研究。首先,我们对与技术体系相关的多个制度领域的一系列指标进行了多因素分析,结果表明,技术架构背后可能存在制度空间的多样性。其次,我们利用有序对数模型研究了从多因素分析(MFA)中得出的技术和制度维度如何以及在多大程度上影响创新绩效。我们发现,可用于创新活动的技术和制度体系多种多样,导致了不同的创新体系,而创业活动对于技术和制度潜力与创新活动的联系至关重要。创新、技术和制度潜力与创业活动之间的积极协同作用导致亚洲经济体在提高创新绩效方面呈现出不同的轨迹。这一发现意味着,新兴经济体可以通过多种途径发展创新能力。这也有助于创新政策的制定,因为它让新兴经济体的政策制定者了解如何在制度空间和企业家活动之间建立协同效应,以提高创新绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Technology in Solid Waste Management: Social Enterprise in a Pandemic 技术在固体废物管理中的作用:大流行病中的社会企业
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231214136
S. Mitra, Aakriti Deepak
COVID-19 has changed the world. The pandemic was a public health crisis with profound implications for society. Accordingly, the quantum of waste generated also went up especially fast. The global nature of the pandemic demanding global communication and coordination, also required locally adopted responses for specific reasons like lack of opportunity to network and create bonding and bridging ties as lockdown conditions prohibited human interactions. This situation that needs the substitution of human interactions and communication with technology however did not encourage strong ties and only allowed for the sustenance of weak ties along with pressures of financial sustainability on the social enterprise in solid waste management (SWM). This research paper attempts to explore whether the SWM social enterprises could remain true to their mission in these uncertain times or would need to replace their true beneficiaries with technology. This would then test their aspects of ‘mission agility’ versus ‘mission drift’ as discussed in the article. The findings also lead us to conclude that a fine balance between objectives of value capture and value creation in determining the switch over to technology by SWM enterprises underscored the importance of social mission to them. The data for this research was collected through qualitative and semi-structured interviews of Project Managers / Program Coordinators of various organisations working in the field of SWM.
COVID-19 改变了世界。这次大流行病是一场公共卫生危机,对社会产生了深远影响。因此,产生的废物量也增加得特别快。大流行病的全球性要求全球范围的沟通和协调,同时也要求当地采取应对措施,其具体原因包括:由于封锁条件禁止人与人之间的互动,因此缺乏机会建立联系和沟通。然而,这种需要以技术取代人际交往和沟通的情况并不鼓励建立牢固的联系,而只允许维持薄弱的联系,同时对固体废物管理(SWM)方面的社会企业造成财务可持续性的压力。本研究论文试图探讨,在这个不确定的时代,固体废物管理社会企业是否仍能忠实于自己的使命,还是需要用技术取代其真正的受益人。这将检验文章中讨论的 "使命敏捷性 "和 "使命漂移"。研究结果还使我们得出结论,在决定社会福利管理企业转向技术时,要在获取价值和创造价值这两个目标之间取得微妙的平衡,这突出了社会使命对它们的重要性。本研究的数据是通过对从事社会安全管理领域工作的不同组织的项目经理/项目协调员进行定性和半结构化访谈收集的。
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引用次数: 0
Social Platform: Key to Market Innovation for Indian Artisans—A Case Study of Chanderi Cluster 社交平台:印度工匠市场创新的关键--昌德里集群案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231210405
Anu Sharma, Ashima Tiwari, Neha Singh
India is a vast country with diverse cultures and crafts. The artisan in this country forms the base of the Indian industry. From the clothes we wear to lifestyle products we use; the artisans play a vital role in our lives. This article talks about the influence of COVID-19 on the Chanderi artisans’ community and how the community survived through pandemic using various digital platforms. The artisans’ behaviour of adapting the new technology for not only selling their products but also to gain knowledge is the core concept of this article.
印度是一个幅员辽阔的国家,拥有多种多样的文化和工艺。这个国家的工匠构成了印度工业的基础。从我们穿的衣服到我们使用的生活用品,工匠在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文讲述了 COVID-19 对 Chanderi 工匠社区的影响,以及该社区如何利用各种数字平台在大流行病中生存下来。工匠适应新技术的行为不仅是为了销售他们的产品,也是为了获取知识,这是本文的核心概念。
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引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurs with Disability: A Comprehensive Study in the Context of Uncertainty 残疾企业家:不确定性背景下的综合研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231212053
Mallikarjuna Iytha, Shivangi Tiwary, Anoushka Augustine
The purpose of this research is to explore how disabled social entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty, the role of technology in entrepreneurial activities, and gendered implications on social entrepreneurship with uncertainty. The data are from understanding different secondary research that already exists on social entrepreneurship and disability, and the use of technology for the disabled. The discourse on social entrepreneurship and uncertainty, a mixed method of narrative and thematic analysis was chosen. The qualitative data have been analysed from peer-reviewed research papers, newspaper articles, journals and quantitative data from the global UN websites, and government. Entrepreneurs with disabilities (EwDs) have links to higher resilience in uncertainties and competencies that attribute to the development of their social enterprise. Technology also acts as a catalyst for EwDs in the face of uncertainty. An overarching limitation that emerged is the lack of data, and literature available on the implication of uncertainty in the context of disabled entrepreneurs. Information on disabled women is also limited. A social implication of this article is the empowerment of EwDs. They are equipped with entrepreneurial skills despite their disabilities. Besides, advocacy of technology can serve as a boon for the disabled community in the face of uncertainty. This research paper has been written using authentic data emerging from secondary research.
本研究旨在探讨残疾社会企业家如何应对不确定性、技术在创业活动中的作用,以及不确定性对社会创业的性别影响。研究数据来自于对已有的关于社会创业与残疾人以及残疾人使用技术的不同二手研究的了解。关于社会创业和不确定性的论述,选择了叙事和主题分析的混合方法。定性数据来自同行评审的研究论文、报纸文章和期刊,定量数据来自联合国全球网站和政府。残疾企业家(EwDs)在不确定因素和能力方面具有较高的应变能力,这有助于其社会企业的发展。面对不确定性,技术也是残疾企业家的催化剂。出现的一个主要限制因素是缺乏有关不确定性对残疾人企业家影响的数据和文献。有关残疾妇女的信息也很有限。这篇文章的一个社会影响是增强了残疾人的权能。尽管他们身有残疾,但他们具备创业技能。此外,面对不确定性,技术的宣传可以成为残疾人群体的福音。本研究论文的撰写采用了二手研究的真实数据。
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引用次数: 0
Social Entrepreneurship for Empowerment and Inclusive Business Model among Meghalaya Rubber Farmers 社会企业家精神促进梅加拉亚邦橡胶种植农的赋权和包容性商业模式
Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231213813
Robin Thomas, P. J. Lukose
This article examines the case of a rubber grower cooperative in the East Garo Hills of Meghalaya, North East India, which has been crucial in organising the tribal communities for collective action and scaling up rubber development programs in the area. Data were collected from a sample of 200 individual farmers from the Meghalaya rubber plantation and conducted an in-depth interview on inclusive business models in this particular area. The descriptive and explorative research design was applied with an objective to measure the empowerment of Meghalaya rubber farmers, study their problems and find out the scope of the inclusive business model for rubber farmers in Meghalaya. The result of this study demonstrates that start-up choices are emphatically connected to the opening of opportunities, genuine leadership and risk-taking parts of social business.
本文研究了印度东北部梅加拉亚邦东加罗山的一个橡胶种植者合作社的案例,该合作社在组织部落社区采取集体行动和扩大该地区橡胶发展计划方面发挥了至关重要的作用。我们从梅加拉亚邦橡胶种植园的 200 名农民中抽样收集了数据,并就这一特定地区的包容性商业模式进行了深入访谈。本研究采用描述性和探索性研究设计,旨在衡量梅加拉亚邦橡胶种植农的赋权情况,研究他们的问题,并找出梅加拉亚邦橡胶种植农包容性商业模式的范围。研究结果表明,创业选择与社会企业的机遇、真正的领导力和风险承担能力密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Special Issue on ‘Uncertainty, Social Entrepreneurship and Role of Technology’: An Introduction 不确定性、社会企业家精神和技术的作用 "特刊:导言
Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231210102
Archana Singh, Samapti Guha
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引用次数: 0
Constructing Innovation Culture for Low-middle Economies: A Systems Approach 构建中低端经济体的创新文化:系统方法
Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231212059
R. J. C. Yap, Maria Regina M. Hechanova
The objective of this study was to test a model on building a culture of innovation that best fits organisations from developing countries. It examined the roles of organisational strategy, leadership and support systems in building an innovation culture. Specifically, it used the open systems theory in examining the mediating role of support systems in the relationship between organisational strategy, leadership and innovation culture. This study utilised data surveyed from 671 employees from 23 different business organisations in the Philippines. Participants completed questionnaires that measured organisational strategy, leadership, support systems and innovation culture. Structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed the hypothesis that support systems, leadership and organisational strategy predict an organisational innovation culture. Mediation analysis showed that support systems account for 38% of the impact of organisational strategy on the perceived innovation culture. It also showed that support systems account for 77% of the impact of leadership on the perceived innovation culture. The main contribution of this study was to present an innovation culture model suitable for developing countries at the same time showing how the relationships of the determinants of innovation culture predict innovation in an organisation. Specifically, it showed how support systems mediate between the relationships of organisational strategy, leadership and innovation.
这项研究的目的是测试一种最适合发展中国家组织的创新文化建设模式。它审查了组织战略、领导和支持系统在建立创新文化方面的作用。具体来说,它使用开放系统理论来检验支持系统在组织战略、领导和创新文化之间的关系中的中介作用。这项研究利用了来自菲律宾23个不同商业组织的671名员工的调查数据。参与者完成了衡量组织战略、领导力、支持系统和创新文化的调查问卷。结构方程模型(SEM)证实了支持系统、领导和组织战略预测组织创新文化的假设。中介分析表明,支持系统对组织战略感知创新文化的影响占38%。研究还表明,支持系统在领导力对创新文化的影响中占77%。本研究的主要贡献是提出了一个适合发展中国家的创新文化模型,同时展示了创新文化决定因素之间的关系如何预测组织中的创新。具体来说,它显示了支持系统如何在组织战略、领导和创新之间的关系中起到中介作用。
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引用次数: 0
Educational Technology to Promote Social Entrepreneurship Education in the COVID Pandemic Era 教育技术促进 COVID 大流行时代的社会创业教育
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231210182
Nibedita Hazarika, Kriti Dagar
The objective of this study was to assess the literature, on the intersection of technology and social entrepreneurship. It involved conducting analyses by interviewing five entrepreneurs and analyzing the narratives of five governmental organizations that cater to educational needs in Delhi NCR. Through these interviews the study delved into how technology and entrepreneurship impact the access to education for marginalized communities. To analyze both literature and real-life examples from entrepreneurs the ATLAS.ti coding program was employed. Codes and concepts were generated from the data in a manner for analyzing the literature. These codes and concepts were then used deductively to analyze the instances of entrepreneurs using an approach that helps us interpret data and gain new insights. The study filled a gap in knowledge by examining how new technologies can be utilized to create business models that benefit populations. By highlighting the importance of technology among communities for social and economic progress it contributes to the understanding of social innovation and entrepreneurship. Additionally, it provided considerations for technology innovation within contexts. The findings from this research highlighted challenges faced by both social entrepreneurs and organizations working with disadvantaged populations. One major obstacle identified was access to technology. Insufficient financial resources and ineffective resource utilization are also seen as hindrances. Lastly enhancing skills, among groups is emphasized as crucial for effectively promoting education.
本研究的目的是评估有关技术与社会创业交叉的文献。其中包括通过采访五位企业家进行分析,以及分析满足德里新德里地区教育需求的五个政府组织的叙述。通过这些访谈,研究深入探讨了技术和创业如何影响边缘化社区的受教育机会。为了分析文献和创业者的真实案例,我们使用了 ATLAS.ti 编码程序。以分析文献的方式从数据中生成代码和概念。然后使用这些代码和概念对企业家的实例进行演绎分析,这种方法有助于我们解释数据并获得新的见解。本研究通过探讨如何利用新技术创建造福民众的商业模式,填补了知识空白。通过强调技术在社区中对社会和经济进步的重要性,它有助于人们了解社会创新和创业精神。此外,它还提供了技术创新背景下的注意事项。研究结果凸显了社会企业家和为弱势群体服务的组织所面临的挑战。其中一个主要障碍是获取技术。财政资源不足和资源利用效率低下也被视为障碍。最后,提高各群体的技能被强调为有效促进教育的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Dealing with Uncertainties During COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from the Case Study of Bombay Mothers and Children Welfare Society (BMCWS), Mumbai, India 应对 COVID-19 大流行期间的不确定性:从印度孟买孟买母亲和儿童福利协会(BMCWS)的案例研究中学习
Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231210159
Archana Singh
The article presents the case study of ‘Bombay Mothers and Children Welfare Society’, a non-governmental organisation (NGO), working for the welfare of the people primarily in the area of health, education and vocational training, in both, urban and rural areas of Maharashtra (India). Following a qualitative approach, the article aims to understand the challenges encountered by the organisation due to uncertainties induced by the COVID-19 pandemic situation in India and its responses. The study shows that innovative business strategy and participatory-public-philanthropy-person (PPPP) model of sustenance helped the organisation to transform it into a ‘sustainable organisation’. Several long-term measures undertaken with its focus on innovation, stakeholders’ engagement for strategic decisions, community participation, collaboration, and business-like behaviour enabled the organisation to deal with the uncertainties in ‘normal times’. The legacy of good work done by the organisation helped it to gain the trust of all the stakeholders involved. During the COVID-19 crisis, the organisation undertook several short-term measures immediately to respond to the situation and received unconditional support from the staff and also from the community. The outcome was organisation and community resilience, which helped them to deal with the uncertainties in normal times as well as emergency/crisis situation. This article developed a framework for the NGO to deal with uncertainties for achieving their mission during a crisis situation like COVID-19. A combination of long-term and short-term measures, and its focus on innovative business strategy and PPPP model of sustenance, is the clear reflection of the entrepreneurial approach adopted for community development and decisions made by the leader of the NGO played critical role. Thus, the study suggests to follow ‘judgement-based approach towards entrepreneurship’ for understanding NGOs’ actions in crisis situation. The findings provide learnings for NGOs, interested in creating sustainable social organisation, and help them to prepare better to deal with uncertainties during a crisis situation.
本文介绍了 "孟买母亲和儿童福利协会 "的案例研究,这是一个非政府组织(NGO),主要在印度马哈拉施特拉邦的城市和农村地区从事卫生、教育和职业培训领域的福利工作。文章采用定性方法,旨在了解该组织因印度 COVID-19 大流行病形势引发的不确定性而遇到的挑战及其应对措施。研究表明,创新的业务战略和参与式公共慈善-个人(PPPP)模式帮助该组织转型为 "可持续发展的组织"。该组织采取了多项长期措施,重点关注创新、利益相关者参与战略决策、社区参与、合作和商业行为,使其能够应对 "正常时期 "的不确定性。该组织所做的出色工作帮助其赢得了所有相关利益方的信任。在 COVID-19 危机期间,该组织立即采取了几项短期措施来应对局势,并得到了员工和社区的无条件支持。其结果是组织和社区恢复了活力,这有助于他们应对正常时期和紧急/危机情况下的不确定性。本文为非政府组织制定了一个框架,以应对不确定因素,从而在 COVID-19 等危机情况下完成使命。长期措施和短期措施相结合,注重创新的商业战略和 PPPP 模式的维持,清楚地反映了为社区发展所采取的企业方法,非政府组织领导人的决策发挥了关键作用。因此,本研究建议采用 "基于判断的创业方法 "来理解非政府组织在危机情况下的行动。研究结果为有志于创建可持续社会组织的非政府组织提供了借鉴,并帮助他们做好更充分的准备,以应对危机情况下的不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Social Enterprises in Bridging Healthcare Sector Gap: A Case of ‘Santhwanam’ 社会企业在缩小医疗行业差距中的作用:"Santhwanam "案例
Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/23939575231210185
S. Swain, Sri Krishan Sudheer Patoju
The increasing rate of non-communicable diseases calls for early identification and intervention. Trained paramedical forces can cater to the healthcare needs on the prevention front. This opens the doors for social enterprises to address this social need in an economically sustainable way. The present research article discusses the unique health intervention ‘Santhwanam’, a collaborative effort of Kudumbashree, the State Livelihood Mission of Kerala, the State Bank of India and Health Action by the People. It addresses the rural people’s unmet health needs by creating a pool of trained paramedical professionals. At present, ‘Santhwanam’ has trained 356 women in paramedical services and reached nearly 3.41 lakh people’s lives in 14 districts of Kerala.
非传染性疾病的发病率不断上升,需要及早发现和干预。训练有素的辅助医务人员可以满足预防方面的医疗保健需求。这为社会企业以经济上可持续的方式满足这一社会需求打开了大门。本研究文章讨论了独特的健康干预措施 "Santhwanam",这是 Kudumbashree、喀拉拉邦生计使命、印度国家银行和人民健康行动的合作成果。它通过培养一批训练有素的辅助医疗专业人员来满足农村居民尚未得到满足的医疗需求。目前,"Santhwanam "已对 356 名妇女进行了辅助医疗服务培训,惠及喀拉拉邦 14 个县的近 341 万人。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies
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