{"title":"Nonpolio Enteroviruses, Polioviruses, and Human CNS Infections","authors":"A. Băicuș, C. Băicuș","doi":"10.1201/b13908-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b13908-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205831,"journal":{"name":"Neuroviral Infections","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132673302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saint Louis encephalitis virus is transmitted to humans from the bite of an infected Culex species mosquito. It is a flavivirus, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, which is closely related to the Japanese encephalitis, Powassan, and West Nile virus. Most cases occur in the eastern and central United States during the summer and early fall. Most cases are asymptomatic or present with flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and body aches. Most patients will spontaneously recover without progression to encephalitis. Severe, invasive disease resulting in encephalitis is unusual and is more common in older adults. Encephalitis or inflammation of the brain and meninges presents as dizziness, agitation, confusion, tremors, or coma following the flu-like prodrome. For patients with encephalitis, the overall case fatality rate is 5% to 15%. There is no specific treatment for St. Louis encephalitis beyond supportive care. Antivirals have not been shown to alter symptoms. There is no vaccine available, so the focus is on the prevention of mosquito bites.
{"title":"St. Louis Encephalitis","authors":"Leslie V. Simon, Erwin L. Kong, Charles Graham","doi":"10.32388/od8eki","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/od8eki","url":null,"abstract":"Saint Louis encephalitis virus is transmitted to humans from the bite of an infected Culex species mosquito. It is a flavivirus, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, which is closely related to the Japanese encephalitis, Powassan, and West Nile virus. Most cases occur in the eastern and central United States during the summer and early fall. Most cases are asymptomatic or present with flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and body aches. Most patients will spontaneously recover without progression to encephalitis. Severe, invasive disease resulting in encephalitis is unusual and is more common in older adults. Encephalitis or inflammation of the brain and meninges presents as dizziness, agitation, confusion, tremors, or coma following the flu-like prodrome. For patients with encephalitis, the overall case fatality rate is 5% to 15%. There is no specific treatment for St. Louis encephalitis beyond supportive care. Antivirals have not been shown to alter symptoms. There is no vaccine available, so the focus is on the prevention of mosquito bites.","PeriodicalId":205831,"journal":{"name":"Neuroviral Infections","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We reported a rare case of HTLV-1-associated primary gastric lymphoma. A 65-year-old man admitted for epigastric discomfort was found in endoscopic examination and an upper gastrointestinal series to have an irregular elevated lesion in the middle third of the stomach, and histological study showed T-cell type lymphoma. Anti-HTLV-1 antibody was positive in serum. CT and galium scintigraphy showed no lymph node swelling or metastasis to other organs. We conducted total gastrectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. HTLV-1 pro-viral DNA was positive in the resected specimen, but negative in bone marrow. Abnormal lymphocytes were negative in peripheral blood and bone marrow. We diagnosed this as a case of HTLV-1-associated primary gastric lymphoma, a very rare occurrence with no treatment strat-egy yet established. Further accumulation of cases should help solve this problem.
{"title":"Human T-Lymphotropic Virus","authors":"M. Yukitake, H. Hara","doi":"10.1201/B13908-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B13908-21","url":null,"abstract":"We reported a rare case of HTLV-1-associated primary gastric lymphoma. A 65-year-old man admitted for epigastric discomfort was found in endoscopic examination and an upper gastrointestinal series to have an irregular elevated lesion in the middle third of the stomach, and histological study showed T-cell type lymphoma. Anti-HTLV-1 antibody was positive in serum. CT and galium scintigraphy showed no lymph node swelling or metastasis to other organs. We conducted total gastrectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. HTLV-1 pro-viral DNA was positive in the resected specimen, but negative in bone marrow. Abnormal lymphocytes were negative in peripheral blood and bone marrow. We diagnosed this as a case of HTLV-1-associated primary gastric lymphoma, a very rare occurrence with no treatment strat-egy yet established. Further accumulation of cases should help solve this problem.","PeriodicalId":205831,"journal":{"name":"Neuroviral Infections","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Human CNS Infection","authors":"K. Dutta, Arshed Nazmi, A. Basu","doi":"10.1201/B13908-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B13908-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205831,"journal":{"name":"Neuroviral Infections","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123726365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jeffries, A. Banyard, D. Healy, D. Horton, N. Johnson, A. Fooks
{"title":"Rabies Virus Neurovirulence","authors":"C. Jeffries, A. Banyard, D. Healy, D. Horton, N. Johnson, A. Fooks","doi":"10.1201/B13908-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B13908-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205831,"journal":{"name":"Neuroviral Infections","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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