This paper suggests that the Narrationes, which have been attributed to Nilus of Ancyra or an unknown Sinai monk, was composed as a result of the Emperor Julian’s Edict prohibiting Christians from teaching pagan literature. This article begins by describing the Narrationes and how scholarship has identified its author and composition date. It then presents the evidence of the Sinai monastic communities as described in the Narrationes as indicative of a fourth century date.
{"title":"Pseudo-Nilus’s Narrationes: A product of Julian’s Edict against Christian Teachers?","authors":"Walter Ward","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests that the Narrationes, which have been attributed to Nilus of Ancyra or an unknown Sinai monk, was composed as a result of the Emperor Julian’s Edict prohibiting Christians from teaching pagan literature. This article begins by describing the Narrationes and how scholarship has identified its author and composition date. It then presents the evidence of the Sinai monastic communities as described in the Narrationes as indicative of a fourth century date.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123402118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nestorian treatise preserved in Leontius of Jerusalem’s Contra Nestorianos (CPG 6918) is the only surviving Nestorian Christological text in the Greek language that was written after the condemnation of Nestorius. It consists of self-contained arguments, mostly in the form of syllogisms, which are organised in eight books. The content can be easily reconstructed since Leontius of Jerusalem quotes each argument in full before refuting it. Only the last book is missing, either because Leontius did not get round to tackling it or because the manuscript containing Leontius’ work was mutilated. This article will present an introduction, critical edition and English translation of the Treatise with annotations.
{"title":"The Nestorian treatise preserved in Leontius of Jerusalem's Contra Nestorianos (CPG 6918): Introduction, edition and English translation","authors":"Dirk Krausmüller","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.141","url":null,"abstract":"The Nestorian treatise preserved in Leontius of Jerusalem’s Contra Nestorianos (CPG 6918) is the only surviving Nestorian Christological text in the Greek language that was written after the condemnation of Nestorius. It consists of self-contained arguments, mostly in the form of syllogisms, which are organised in eight books. The content can be easily reconstructed since Leontius of Jerusalem quotes each argument in full before refuting it. Only the last book is missing, either because Leontius did not get round to tackling it or because the manuscript containing Leontius’ work was mutilated. This article will present an introduction, critical edition and English translation of the Treatise with annotations.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122854225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an analysis of the change in urban spaces in the former Sasanian empire after the Arab-Muslim conquest. How events shaped the population’s life is reflected by how urban society shaped the spaces within the city. Paradigmatic of this is the case of religious spaces. In a syncretic empire such as the Sasanian Ērānšahr (224–650 CE), places of worship were not limited to fire altars and temples, there were also churches and synagogues as vital parts of the religious environment. According to the archaeological and historiographic attestations, religious spaces in Sasanian times were prevalent in a rural dimension. In 650 CE, the empire was turned upside down by the Arab-Muslim conquest and the transition period to a unified Islamic society is known as Islamization. This event is often described as a rupture; however, it can be better represented as acculturation because of the cultural exchange taking place during the conversion and the elaboration of Islamic social institutions. One of the primary marks of this process includes constructing new religious urban spaces, the mosques both inside and outside city walls. Religious spaces marked both the territory and the identity of the people inhabiting it. However crucial to the construction of mosques, is a parallel shift of the religious space from a rural to an urban environment.
{"title":"From the Fire Temple to the Mosque: the religious urban landscape in Late Antique Ērānšahr","authors":"D. Rossi","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an analysis of the change in urban spaces in the former Sasanian empire after the Arab-Muslim conquest. How events shaped the population’s life is reflected by how urban society shaped the spaces within the city. Paradigmatic of this is the case of religious spaces. In a syncretic empire such as the Sasanian Ērānšahr (224–650 CE), places of worship were not limited to fire altars and temples, there were also churches and synagogues as vital parts of the religious environment. According to the archaeological and historiographic attestations, religious spaces in Sasanian times were prevalent in a rural dimension. In 650 CE, the empire was turned upside down by the Arab-Muslim conquest and the transition period to a unified Islamic society is known as Islamization. This event is often described as a rupture; however, it can be better represented as acculturation because of the cultural exchange taking place during the conversion and the elaboration of Islamic social institutions. One of the primary marks of this process includes constructing new religious urban spaces, the mosques both inside and outside city walls. Religious spaces marked both the territory and the identity of the people inhabiting it. However crucial to the construction of mosques, is a parallel shift of the religious space from a rural to an urban environment.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133781069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
St Patrick is a figure unique in the culture of late antique Britain, because his writings are almost the only British literary texts of the fifth century. Their interpretation has yet been hamstrung by uncertainty on where Patrick was born, and when he lived. But research in the 1990s convincingly showed St Patrick’s home of Bannaventa to be Banwell, North Somerset, in a region west of Bath and with many Roman villas. Further analysis now offers dates for him, putting his letter to the tyrant Coroticus in the 450s, so that Patrick will have died in (it seems) 461 and not (as claimed by some) 493. His writings are evidence for Britain up to the 450s. They thus tell us nothing about later periods, which were dominated by the Saxon invasions of 449 and later, but are never mentioned by Patrick.
{"title":"Somerset, Bannaventa Tabernae, and the Dates of St Patrick","authors":"A. Breeze","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.140","url":null,"abstract":"St Patrick is a figure unique in the culture of late antique Britain, because his writings are almost the only British literary texts of the fifth century. Their interpretation has yet been hamstrung by uncertainty on where Patrick was born, and when he lived. But research in the 1990s convincingly showed St Patrick’s home of Bannaventa to be Banwell, North Somerset, in a region west of Bath and with many Roman villas. Further analysis now offers dates for him, putting his letter to the tyrant Coroticus in the 450s, so that Patrick will have died in (it seems) 461 and not (as claimed by some) 493. His writings are evidence for Britain up to the 450s. They thus tell us nothing about later periods, which were dominated by the Saxon invasions of 449 and later, but are never mentioned by Patrick.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130107444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: The imagined universe of the people of Late Antiquity was heavily populated by gods. Even the broader philosophical trends and monotheistic foundation of Judaism and Christianity had failed to entirely diminish their power. How then did Jews and Christians cope with such a backdrop presence of “other gods”? Earlier research suggested that Jewish attitudes, which found their way into early Christian sources as well, fluctuate between accommodation and rejection. Following analysis of Jewish and Christian Late Antique literary traditions dealing with gods, and more specifically, goddesses, this article aims to demonstrate that such “fluctuation” resulted – in addition to the extreme positions – in a variety of middle of the road strategies. These strategies point to a keen harmonizing impulse to absorb—via domestication—motifs with mythic religious vitality from the broader cultural repository.
{"title":"Encountering Goddesses in Late Antiquity: Notes on Metamorphoses of Mythic Figures in Religious Storytelling","authors":"Reuven Kiperwasser, S. Ruzer","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.130","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The imagined universe of the people of Late Antiquity was heavily populated by gods. Even the broader philosophical trends and monotheistic foundation of Judaism and Christianity had failed to entirely diminish their power. How then did Jews and Christians cope with such a backdrop presence of “other gods”? Earlier research suggested that Jewish attitudes, which found their way into early Christian sources as well, fluctuate between accommodation and rejection. Following analysis of Jewish and Christian Late Antique literary traditions dealing with gods, and more specifically, goddesses, this article aims to demonstrate that such “fluctuation” resulted – in addition to the extreme positions – in a variety of middle of the road strategies. These strategies point to a keen harmonizing impulse to absorb—via domestication—motifs with mythic religious vitality from the broader cultural repository.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129113401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supervised by Michael Bergunder at Heidelberg, this PhD thesis outlines Ernst Troeltsch’s Theology of Religion (Part I) and investigates the sources of that Theology (Part II). It concludes that judging by the latter, Troeltsch’s Theology with its notion of Christianity as a religion cannot be understood merely in terms of a continuation of early 19th century (and earlier) traditions but draws on an entirely new, global, perspective on religion, which emerged in the late 19th century.
{"title":"Review of Thurner, Die Geburt des Christentums als Religion (2021)","authors":"J. Lössl","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.138","url":null,"abstract":"Supervised by Michael Bergunder at Heidelberg, this PhD thesis outlines Ernst Troeltsch’s Theology of Religion (Part I) and investigates the sources of that Theology (Part II). It concludes that judging by the latter, Troeltsch’s Theology with its notion of Christianity as a religion cannot be understood merely in terms of a continuation of early 19th century (and earlier) traditions but draws on an entirely new, global, perspective on religion, which emerged in the late 19th century.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117222264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fifth-century handbook on Scripture and its interpretation, Adrian’s Isagōgē in sacras scripturas, is the only known and extant introductio in Greek which represents the Antiochean exegetical tradition. This treatise, which is available in two recensions, is largely an explanation of the stylistic idiosyncrasies of Scripture’s God-talk. Although Adrian acknowledges the fact that Scripture uses allegory to say various things (i.e., the compositional allegory), he discourages the use of allegory for interpreting that which Scripture says (i.e., interpretative allegory). This paper provides a critical assessment of Adrian’s hermeneutical advice and argues that the proposed disambiguation methods are not really sufficient for addressing the question of adequate interpretation of Scripture.
{"title":" Adrian's Isagoge and the dianoia of scripture","authors":"T. Toom","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.134","url":null,"abstract":"A fifth-century handbook on Scripture and its interpretation, Adrian’s Isagōgē in sacras scripturas, is the only known and extant introductio in Greek which represents the Antiochean exegetical tradition. This treatise, which is available in two recensions, is largely an explanation of the stylistic idiosyncrasies of Scripture’s God-talk. Although Adrian acknowledges the fact that Scripture uses allegory to say various things (i.e., the compositional allegory), he discourages the use of allegory for interpreting that which Scripture says (i.e., interpretative allegory). This paper provides a critical assessment of Adrian’s hermeneutical advice and argues that the proposed disambiguation methods are not really sufficient for addressing the question of adequate interpretation of Scripture.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121136438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On this Roman grave plaque, a Greek-language epitaph to a certain Eutropos is framed by images of a man holding a cup and a bird with a sprig in its mouth. A unique depiction of a sarcophagus workshop appears below. Although often referred to, the monument has not received the sustained consideration it deserves. Several aspects of the text and imagery can be mined for clues regarding its date (here situated in the mid-third century) and elements of workshop practice, both in the creation of this plaque and in the production of sarcophagi like the one pictured. Previous opinions regarding the identities of the pictured figures are reviewed and pared back to eliminate unwarranted speculation. Most interesting is the matter of religious affiliation. Both Eutropos and his son, the commemorator, have been universally regarded as “Christian” without definition, qualification, or contextualization. Critical examination of the visual and textual evidence, and in particular the use of the term theosebes in the inscription, suggests a more nuanced understanding that recognizes the multi-valence of imagery and terminology in this period, consistent with the fuzziness of religious boundaries and the high rate of inter-generational conversion.
{"title":"Interrogating the Eutropos Grave Plaque in Urbino","authors":"R. Couzin","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.127","url":null,"abstract":"On this Roman grave plaque, a Greek-language epitaph to a certain Eutropos is framed by images of a man holding a cup and a bird with a sprig in its mouth. A unique depiction of a sarcophagus workshop appears below. Although often referred to, the monument has not received the sustained consideration it deserves. Several aspects of the text and imagery can be mined for clues regarding its date (here situated in the mid-third century) and elements of workshop practice, both in the creation of this plaque and in the production of sarcophagi like the one pictured. Previous opinions regarding the identities of the pictured figures are reviewed and pared back to eliminate unwarranted speculation. Most interesting is the matter of religious affiliation. Both Eutropos and his son, the commemorator, have been universally regarded as “Christian” without definition, qualification, or contextualization. Critical examination of the visual and textual evidence, and in particular the use of the term theosebes in the inscription, suggests a more nuanced understanding that recognizes the multi-valence of imagery and terminology in this period, consistent with the fuzziness of religious boundaries and the high rate of inter-generational conversion.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Two Lives of Dalmatus of Constantinople (BHG 481 & 482) - Introduction, Editions, and Translations","authors":"Dirk Krausmüller","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126652947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Constantinian Labarum and the Christianization of Roman Military Standards","authors":"Joaquin Serrano del Pozo","doi":"10.18573/jlarc.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/jlarc.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129025717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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