The tolerance of the Roman state towards Christianity, which had been established by Constantine in 313, did not entail peace and religious stability for the Empire. The gradual accumulation of competences by bishops through their status as religious specialists as well as their uneasy relationship with political power throughout the increasingly radicalized the Arian-Nicene conflict and led the imperial authorities to adopt a series of legal measures. Those measures aimed at clarifying the status of the episcopate and its relationship with the legal authorities. In this context, the passing of the so-called ecclesiastical privilegium fori attempted to provide an answer to the pleas for legal independence by the bishops. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it was enacted in the context of the Constantinian dynasty granting a series of privileges to the Church, this legal measure, like all others, was not immune to the selfish manipulation of the very same authorities that had passed it.
{"title":"Codex Theodosianus 16.2.12 and the Genesis of the Ecclesiastic Privilegium Fori","authors":"Almudena Alba López, Raúl González-Salinero","doi":"10.18573/JLARC.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/JLARC.109","url":null,"abstract":"The tolerance of the Roman state towards Christianity, which had been established by Constantine in 313, did not entail peace and religious stability for the Empire. The gradual accumulation of competences by bishops through their status as religious specialists as well as their uneasy relationship with political power throughout the increasingly radicalized the Arian-Nicene conflict and led the imperial authorities to adopt a series of legal measures. Those measures aimed at clarifying the status of the episcopate and its relationship with the legal authorities. In this context, the passing of the so-called ecclesiastical privilegium fori attempted to provide an answer to the pleas for legal independence by the bishops. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it was enacted in the context of the Constantinian dynasty granting a series of privileges to the Church, this legal measure, like all others, was not immune to the selfish manipulation of the very same authorities that had passed it.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130387644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the Trinitarian theology of Severus of Antioch and Damian of Alexandria. It makes the case that in his polemic against the Chalcedonians Severus equates the hypostases with the hypostatic properties and further argues that the properties gain their substantial component through participation in a common substance that is located “above” the hypostases and thus different from them. It suggests that this understanding of the Trinity was later elaborated by the Monophysite patriarch Damian of Alexandria who engaged in a controversy with the Tritheists.
{"title":"Properties Participating in Substance: the Trinitarian Theology of Severus of Antioch and Damian of Alexandria","authors":"Dirk Krausmüller","doi":"10.18573/JLARC.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/JLARC.108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the Trinitarian theology of Severus of Antioch and Damian of Alexandria. It makes the case that in his polemic against the Chalcedonians Severus equates the hypostases with the hypostatic properties and further argues that the properties gain their substantial component through participation in a common substance that is located “above” the hypostases and thus different from them. It suggests that this understanding of the Trinity was later elaborated by the Monophysite patriarch Damian of Alexandria who engaged in a controversy with the Tritheists.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of recent models of sex and gender to late antique Jewish and Christian literature has yielded considerable knowledge of constructions of gender in these fields. This progress is hitherto unmatched in Manichaean studies, in which research has been limited to the role of women within the Manichaean movement. This paper explores models and methodology in research concerning gender construction in late antique Manichaean cosmological narrative. This will be exemplified by an analysis of the emergence of the construction of masculinity as endurance in the literary characterization of the mythological Manichaean First Man, which will be interpreted in the context of the changing socio-political circumstances of the Manichaean community. The adoption of endurance as a masculinized trait signifies the absorption of constructions of masculinity from Jewish and early Christian martyrological literature, in which the Greek philosophical virtue of endurance (ὑπομονῇ) is presented as a valorized masculine response to oppression and a form of resistance to Roman power. However, the Manichaean concept of endurance of persecution has a distinct interpretation which reflects the Manichaean ethos of the suffering of life in the body.
{"title":"Approaching the Study of Gender in Late Antique Manichaean Cosmological Narrative: The Case of the Manichaean First Man","authors":"S. Towers","doi":"10.18573/JLARC.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18573/JLARC.107","url":null,"abstract":"The application of recent models of sex and gender to late antique Jewish and Christian literature has yielded considerable knowledge of constructions of gender in these fields. This progress is hitherto unmatched in Manichaean studies, in which research has been limited to the role of women within the Manichaean movement. This paper explores models and methodology in research concerning gender construction in late antique Manichaean cosmological narrative. This will be exemplified by an analysis of the emergence of the construction of masculinity as endurance in the literary characterization of the mythological Manichaean First Man, which will be interpreted in the context of the changing socio-political circumstances of the Manichaean community. The adoption of endurance as a masculinized trait signifies the absorption of constructions of masculinity from Jewish and early Christian martyrological literature, in which the Greek philosophical virtue of endurance (ὑπομονῇ) is presented as a valorized masculine response to oppression and a form of resistance to Roman power. However, the Manichaean concept of endurance of persecution has a distinct interpretation which reflects the Manichaean ethos of the suffering of life in the body.","PeriodicalId":206429,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124872471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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