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Phagocytosis. 吞噬作用。
Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.32388/cpl0wy
T. Stossel
Tentative conclusions concerning the role of recognition and ingestion of microorganisms by phagocytes in host defense and the consequences of disorders of phagocytosis can be derived by correlating a) knowledge about recognition and ingestion derived from studies in vitro, b) investigations of the clearance of particulate matter from the circulation of animals and man, and c) analyses of the behavior of phagocytes in patients susceptible to recurrent pyogenic infections. Deficiency of the major serum recognition-conferring agents (immunoglobulins and complement proteins that deposit a fragment of C3 on microbes) prevents the optimal clearance of virulent encapsulated pathogens by fixed mononuclear phagocytes. Confrontation of phagocytes with particulate matter appearing in pathologic states (viruses, immune complexes, damaged ervthrocvtes in sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobinopathies) diverts them from their normal task of clearing opsonized encapsulated microorganisms. Corticosteroids impair the phagocytic capacity by an unknown mechanism. Major impediments to progress in this field are inadequate assays for phagocytosis and the difficulty in measuring phagocytosis in the intact organism. (Am J Pathol 88:741-752, 1977)
关于吞噬细胞对微生物的识别和摄入在宿主防御中的作用以及吞噬功能紊乱的后果,可以通过以下相关研究得出初步结论:a)来自体外研究的识别和摄入知识,b)动物和人循环中颗粒物清除的调查,以及c)对反复化脓性感染易感患者中吞噬细胞行为的分析。缺乏主要的血清识别因子(免疫球蛋白和补体蛋白,它们将C3片段沉积在微生物上)会阻碍固定的单核吞噬细胞对毒性包裹病原体的最佳清除。在病理状态下(病毒、免疫复合物、镰状细胞性贫血和其他血红蛋白病中受损的红细胞),吞噬细胞与颗粒物质的对抗使它们无法完成清除被包裹微生物的正常任务。皮质类固醇以一种未知的机制损害吞噬能力。在这一领域取得进展的主要障碍是对吞噬作用的检测不充分,以及在完整生物体中测量吞噬作用的困难。(美国病理学杂志88:741-752,1977)
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引用次数: 0
Leukoregulin. Leukoregulin .
Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.32388/ecnv4d
C. Evans
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引用次数: 0
Radical prostatectomy. 根治性前列腺切除术。
Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.32388/f261uh
D. Paulson
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引用次数: 0
Hepatitis A virus. 甲型肝炎病毒。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-313-9129-5_67
J. Balen, A. Demeulemeester, M. Frölich, K. Mohrmann, L. M. Harms, W. C. H. V. Helden, L. Mostert, J. Souverijn
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引用次数: 5
Electrostatic interactions in proteins. 蛋白质中的静电相互作用。
Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46934-0_5
Barry Honig, Kim A. Sharp, Michael K. Gilson
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引用次数: 2
Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with a mammalian lyso-phosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) transfected into E. coli, and effect of lisofylline on LPAAT transfected into mammalian cells. 脂多糖与转染大肠杆菌的哺乳动物溶磷脂酰基转移酶(LPAAT)的相互作用以及异茶碱对转染哺乳动物细胞的LPAAT的影响。
S L Bursten

1. Lipid A and LPS stimulate LPAAT activity (and hence unsaturated PA formation) in RMC membranes and whole cells. 2. This correlates with cell phenotypic and membrane changes associated with small G proteins. 3. Unsaturated PA and Lipid A have similar effects on cells when given exogenously. 4. Human LPAAT-alpha and -beta isoforms were cloned and transfected into E. coli, demonstrating the ability to restore PA synthesis and reduce lyso-PA accumulation in plsC strains (LPAAT deficient mutants), as well as restoring growth at high temperatures. 5. LPAAT transfection into E. coli plsC (JC201) strains results in an increase in LPS content, suggesting stimulation of LPS synthesis. 6. LPAAT transfection into human A549 lung epithelial carcinoma and endothelial ECV304 cells results in increased cytokine mRNA transcription at baseline, and a significant increase in stimulated cytokine mRNA transcription. In addition, LPAAT transfection also results in increased cytokine release in response to IL-1 beta. 7. LSF, which reduces rodent deaths in sepsis models, reduces unsaturated acyl incorporation into PA in monoblastic cell lines, and reduces serum FFA increase in human sepsis, also reduces unsaturated acyl incorporation into PA in ECV304 cells. LPAAT-alpha transfection increases linolenate incorporation into PA at the expense of linoleate incorporation, which is reversed by LSF. LPAAT-beta increases both linoleate and linolenate incorporation into PA, which is also reduced by LSF. We conclude that LPAAT and PA remodeling may play a role in diffuse renal toxicity in sepsis due to induction of cellular phenotype changes associated with PA induction by Lipid A and/or LPS. Two human isoforms of LPAAT have been cloned, and apparently address C18 unsaturated acyl chains somewhat selectively. LSF causes functional reduction in LPAAT activity in transfected systems. This does not yet imply a direct effect of LSF on LPAAT. LPAAT and LPS may interact in the membrane in a not-yet-understood manner.

1. 脂质A和LPS刺激RMC膜和全细胞中的LPAAT活性(从而形成不饱和PA)。2. 这与细胞表型和与小G蛋白相关的膜变化有关。3.当外源性给予不饱和PA和脂质A时,对细胞有类似的影响。4. 人类LPAAT- α和- β亚型被克隆并转染到大肠杆菌中,证明了在plsC菌株(LPAAT缺陷突变体)中恢复PA合成和减少lyso-PA积累的能力,以及在高温下恢复生长的能力。5. 将LPAAT转染到大肠杆菌plsC (JC201)菌株中,LPS含量增加,提示刺激了LPS的合成。6. LPAAT转染人A549肺上皮癌和内皮细胞ECV304后,细胞因子mRNA转录水平在基线水平升高,受刺激细胞因子mRNA转录水平显著升高。此外,LPAAT转染也导致细胞因子释放增加,以响应IL-1 β。7. LSF降低了脓毒症模型中啮齿动物的死亡,降低了单核细胞系中不饱和酰基掺入PA,降低了人类脓毒症中血清FFA的增加,也降低了ECV304细胞中不饱和酰基掺入PA。lpaat - α转染以亚油酸掺入为代价增加了亚油酸掺入PA,而LSF则逆转了这一过程。lpaat - β增加亚油酸盐和亚麻酸盐掺入到PA中,这也被LSF减少。我们得出结论,LPAAT和PA重塑可能在脓毒症的弥漫性肾毒性中发挥作用,这是由于脂质a和/或LPS诱导PA诱导相关的细胞表型改变。LPAAT的两种人同工异构体已被克隆,它们明显具有选择性地定位C18不饱和酰基链。LSF导致转染系统中LPAAT活性的功能性降低。这并不意味着LSF对LPAAT有直接影响。LPAAT和LPS可能在膜中以一种尚不清楚的方式相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
CD14 dependent mechanisms of cell activation. 细胞活化的CD14依赖性机制。
J Han, J Bohuslav, Y Jiang, V V Kravchenko, J D Lee, Z J Li, J Mathison, B Richter, P Tobias, R J Ulevitch
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引用次数: 0
Detoxification of lipopolysaccharide by lysozyme. 溶菌酶解毒脂多糖。
N Ohno, K Takada, T Kurasawa, A Liang, T Yadomae
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引用次数: 0
Apoptotic cell death in response to LPS. LPS对凋亡细胞死亡的影响。
T Yokochi, A Morikawa, Y Kato, T Sugiyama, N Koide
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引用次数: 0
Enzymes of lipid A biosynthesis: targets for the design of new antibiotics. 脂质A生物合成酶:设计新抗生素的靶点。
C R Raetz
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引用次数: 0
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Progress in clinical and biological research
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