A. Gambelli, B. Castellani, M. Filipponi, A. Nicolini, F. Rossi
In previous experimental works we proved how the presence of sodium chloride may influence the replacement of methane contained into hydrate with carbon dioxide. Even if its chemical inhibitor effect is well known and documented in literature, the possibility of having different behaviours in function of the gaseous species involved in hydrate formation has not been explored. The first step of our research proved how NaCl inhibitor effect is more pronounced in methane hydrate formation rather than carbon dioxide one. That leads to a higher difference between temperature-pressure conditions describing the two species equilibrium curves and, thus, to greater possibilities of intervening in the replacement process in order to perform it and increasing both the amount of methane recovered and the quantity of carbon dioxide permanently stored. Two replacement tests were carried out in presence of 40 g/l of salt dissolved in water; then results were compared with two other tests previously realized with the same experimental apparatus but using pure demineralised water. The inhibitor effect of sodium chloride is well visible in the significantly lower quantity of methane hydrate formed in the first phase of tests. The same effect was observed during the carbon dioxide formation step, but its intensity was lower. In conclusion the use of NaCl led to a higher percentage of methane recovered and carbon dioxide stored, even if both quantities are lower than the respective value reached in tests carried out using demineralised water.
{"title":"Chemical inhibitors as potential allied for CO2 replacement in gas hydrates reservoirs: sodium chloride case study","authors":"A. Gambelli, B. Castellani, M. Filipponi, A. Nicolini, F. Rossi","doi":"10.11159/iccpe20.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/iccpe20.111","url":null,"abstract":"In previous experimental works we proved how the presence of sodium chloride may influence the replacement of methane contained into hydrate with carbon dioxide. Even if its chemical inhibitor effect is well known and documented in literature, the possibility of having different behaviours in function of the gaseous species involved in hydrate formation has not been explored. The first step of our research proved how NaCl inhibitor effect is more pronounced in methane hydrate formation rather than carbon dioxide one. That leads to a higher difference between temperature-pressure conditions describing the two species equilibrium curves and, thus, to greater possibilities of intervening in the replacement process in order to perform it and increasing both the amount of methane recovered and the quantity of carbon dioxide permanently stored. Two replacement tests were carried out in presence of 40 g/l of salt dissolved in water; then results were compared with two other tests previously realized with the same experimental apparatus but using pure demineralised water. The inhibitor effect of sodium chloride is well visible in the significantly lower quantity of methane hydrate formed in the first phase of tests. The same effect was observed during the carbon dioxide formation step, but its intensity was lower. In conclusion the use of NaCl led to a higher percentage of methane recovered and carbon dioxide stored, even if both quantities are lower than the respective value reached in tests carried out using demineralised water.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84279894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To protect cables from damage by too high temperatures, classically fuses are used. Those often lead to over-dimensioned cables due to their melting behaviour or simple tripping strategies. Therefore, smart fuses can be advantageous. Here, a more powerful control circuit can estimate the cable temperature and operate as switch, when the temperature exceeds a given limit. The control circuit needs to run a thermal simulation of the cable to be protected. Critical temperatures can be detected this way. Thermal cable models can be very complex and computationally intensive, especially when numerical methods are used. In this contribution, a new analytic approach for the transient axial temperature distribution along a single cable is presented. Using this solution, a significant reduction of the time needed for calculation is achieved.
{"title":"Analytic Approaches for the Transient Temperature Distribution in a Single Cable for Smart Fuses and Ampacity Derating Calculation","authors":"Anika Henke, S. Frei","doi":"10.11159/htff20.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff20.138","url":null,"abstract":"To protect cables from damage by too high temperatures, classically fuses are used. Those often lead to over-dimensioned cables due to their melting behaviour or simple tripping strategies. Therefore, smart fuses can be advantageous. Here, a more powerful control circuit can estimate the cable temperature and operate as switch, when the temperature exceeds a given limit. The control circuit needs to run a thermal simulation of the cable to be protected. Critical temperatures can be detected this way. Thermal cable models can be very complex and computationally intensive, especially when numerical methods are used. In this contribution, a new analytic approach for the transient axial temperature distribution along a single cable is presented. Using this solution, a significant reduction of the time needed for calculation is achieved.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90531754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a surface tension model for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. This model originates from previously published models based on the Continuum Surface Force approach. Its main feature is how it deals with the free surface, where particles suffer from particle deficiency. The model is tested in two dimensions using oscillating and static cylindrical rod problems. Its sensitivity to spatial resolution was evaluated, and some of the model's features discovered. Overall, the model seems to provide accuracy sufficient for most practical applications.
{"title":"Surface Tension Model for Free-Surface Problems in SPH","authors":"P. Jančík, T. Hyhlík","doi":"10.11159/htff20.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff20.166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a surface tension model for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. This model originates from previously published models based on the Continuum Surface Force approach. Its main feature is how it deals with the free surface, where particles suffer from particle deficiency. The model is tested in two dimensions using oscillating and static cylindrical rod problems. Its sensitivity to spatial resolution was evaluated, and some of the model's features discovered. Overall, the model seems to provide accuracy sufficient for most practical applications.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84030078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research focuses on providing optimal conditions for growth, energy efficiency, and sustainability, controlled and autonomous environment. A two-level hydroponic growth cell is proposed as an experimental facility to design of in-door multilayer plant production systems. The goal of the system is to serve as a practical and useful alternative to traditional field agriculture. The growth cell has of 1 m each level area and composites two rows of hydroponic growth elements. The cell is designed to carry out multiple functions essential to sustain plant growth that includes: water circulation, nutrients delivery, environment sensing, ventilation, and artificial selective lighting. The series of repeated growth cycles have been successfully performed and compared against a conventional greenhouse facility using lettuce as a model crop. The factors such as inside temperature and humidity, leaf temperature, illumination under three different lighting types: white light, red-blue light, sunlight were monitored and maintained by a developed control system. Light distribution (photosynthetic active radiation) and yield (leaf size and fresh weight) were assessed. It is shown that sunlight is the more profitable type of lighting for lettuce crops even under warm outside environmental conditions. These results illustrate that the use of transparent covering materials offer great potential for energy save cultivation and should be considered for a plant-factory design.
{"title":"Thermal Analysis and Climate Control of Experimental two-level Hydroponic Growth Cell","authors":"H. Vitoshkin, V. Haslavsky","doi":"10.11159/htff20.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff20.136","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on providing optimal conditions for growth, energy efficiency, and sustainability, controlled and autonomous environment. A two-level hydroponic growth cell is proposed as an experimental facility to design of in-door multilayer plant production systems. The goal of the system is to serve as a practical and useful alternative to traditional field agriculture. The growth cell has of 1 m each level area and composites two rows of hydroponic growth elements. The cell is designed to carry out multiple functions essential to sustain plant growth that includes: water circulation, nutrients delivery, environment sensing, ventilation, and artificial selective lighting. The series of repeated growth cycles have been successfully performed and compared against a conventional greenhouse facility using lettuce as a model crop. The factors such as inside temperature and humidity, leaf temperature, illumination under three different lighting types: white light, red-blue light, sunlight were monitored and maintained by a developed control system. Light distribution (photosynthetic active radiation) and yield (leaf size and fresh weight) were assessed. It is shown that sunlight is the more profitable type of lighting for lettuce crops even under warm outside environmental conditions. These results illustrate that the use of transparent covering materials offer great potential for energy save cultivation and should be considered for a plant-factory design.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91482914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat transfer through packed bed reactors with chemical reactions can play a crucial role in determining the performance of such systems. To explain the effects of temperatures profiles on packed bed reactors, an exact analytical model has been derived by using Hankel and Laplace transform methods. The analysis is based on a transient two-dimensional model of cylindrical coordinates in which the energy equation is solved to yield the transient parameters of a packed bed flow. The model has been used to investigate the axial, radial and time temperature profiles and the effects of superficial velocity on the analytical solution. Comparisons with the experimental results and previous works are presented and show reasonable agreement with the analytical results. The model can be used to derive simple operating maps that would help to identify the effects heat transfer parameters on axial, radial and time temperature profiles.
{"title":"Exact Analytical Solution for Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer Equation through a Packed Bed Reactor","authors":"M. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.11159/htff20.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff20.167","url":null,"abstract":"Heat transfer through packed bed reactors with chemical reactions can play a crucial role in determining the performance of such systems. To explain the effects of temperatures profiles on packed bed reactors, an exact analytical model has been derived by using Hankel and Laplace transform methods. The analysis is based on a transient two-dimensional model of cylindrical coordinates in which the energy equation is solved to yield the transient parameters of a packed bed flow. The model has been used to investigate the axial, radial and time temperature profiles and the effects of superficial velocity on the analytical solution. Comparisons with the experimental results and previous works are presented and show reasonable agreement with the analytical results. The model can be used to derive simple operating maps that would help to identify the effects heat transfer parameters on axial, radial and time temperature profiles.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79130989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the geomechanical behaviour of different saline typologies in the Catalan basin","authors":"Nor Sidki, M. Bascompta, L. Sanmiquel","doi":"10.11159/mmme20.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/mmme20.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76828917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining companies are required to carry out reclamation process. Reclamation on ex-coal mining area has an opportunity to be functioned as Integrated Cattle Farm (ICF) as it is stated in Good Mining Practice Implementation Guidelines in Indonesia. The ICF aims to elaborate surrounding community development projects and empower domestic cattle beef. In addition, beef import is still conducted to meet domestic beef demand. However, some strategies have been arranged including extended livestock area project. As a preliminary study, this project aims to review the possibility of cattle farm development on ex-mining area from the weight increment and birth rate of cattle. The data was taken from PT Berau Coal, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the birth rates are: Brahman cross cattle (65%); Bali cattle (42%); and Donggala cattle (94%). Based on the farming system, the highest mean of Brahman cross cattle weight gain on the intensive farming (zero grazing) was 0.43 kg/day and 0.22 kg/day on the semi-intensive farming (grazing). To prepare ICF as community livelihood in the mine closure, some strategies need to be applied due to weight gain improvement. For commercial purposes of beef cattle, male cattle are better selected than female cattle. This project however improves capability and independency of the community from the training program. Moreover, ICF can be endorsed as sustainability of natural resources management from coal mine closure.
{"title":"Developing an Integrated Cattle Farm on Ex-coal Mining Area","authors":"T. Yunanto, F. Amanah, Doddy Herika","doi":"10.11159/mmme20.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/mmme20.112","url":null,"abstract":"Mining companies are required to carry out reclamation process. Reclamation on ex-coal mining area has an opportunity to be functioned as Integrated Cattle Farm (ICF) as it is stated in Good Mining Practice Implementation Guidelines in Indonesia. The ICF aims to elaborate surrounding community development projects and empower domestic cattle beef. In addition, beef import is still conducted to meet domestic beef demand. However, some strategies have been arranged including extended livestock area project. As a preliminary study, this project aims to review the possibility of cattle farm development on ex-mining area from the weight increment and birth rate of cattle. The data was taken from PT Berau Coal, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the birth rates are: Brahman cross cattle (65%); Bali cattle (42%); and Donggala cattle (94%). Based on the farming system, the highest mean of Brahman cross cattle weight gain on the intensive farming (zero grazing) was 0.43 kg/day and 0.22 kg/day on the semi-intensive farming (grazing). To prepare ICF as community livelihood in the mine closure, some strategies need to be applied due to weight gain improvement. For commercial purposes of beef cattle, male cattle are better selected than female cattle. This project however improves capability and independency of the community from the training program. Moreover, ICF can be endorsed as sustainability of natural resources management from coal mine closure.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89645861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Custom mill tailings generated during the treatment of gold ores in Custom milling plants contains a considerable significant amount of gold (Au) and Silver (Ag). The potential of recovering gold and silver from the tailings by cyanidation leaching process was investigated. The custom mill tailings were characterised using Malvern particle analyser, XRF, XRD and SEM-EDs. In this study, the MiniTab software experimental design method was used to determine the optimum leaching conditions. The PSD results revealed that the custom mill tailings are coarse with 80% passing 2000μm. The tailings are a quartzite material containing minor amount of sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite. The amount of these sulphides is very low ruling the probability of the tailings being refractory. Recoveries of 88 and 95% for gold and silver respectively were achieved leaching at 800g/t NaCN 8hrs. However, gold recovery above 85% was achieved by leaching in 600g/t NaCN for 8 hrs. Custom mill tailings have proved to be a source of precious metals and Min Tab software is a useful tool in optimisation of the leaching conditions.
{"title":"Optimisation of gold recovery from small scale custom mills","authors":"W. Nheta, M. Nkwinika, M. Mailula","doi":"10.11159/mmme20.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/mmme20.134","url":null,"abstract":"Custom mill tailings generated during the treatment of gold ores in Custom milling plants contains a considerable significant amount of gold (Au) and Silver (Ag). The potential of recovering gold and silver from the tailings by cyanidation leaching process was investigated. The custom mill tailings were characterised using Malvern particle analyser, XRF, XRD and SEM-EDs. In this study, the MiniTab software experimental design method was used to determine the optimum leaching conditions. The PSD results revealed that the custom mill tailings are coarse with 80% passing 2000μm. The tailings are a quartzite material containing minor amount of sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite. The amount of these sulphides is very low ruling the probability of the tailings being refractory. Recoveries of 88 and 95% for gold and silver respectively were achieved leaching at 800g/t NaCN 8hrs. However, gold recovery above 85% was achieved by leaching in 600g/t NaCN for 8 hrs. Custom mill tailings have proved to be a source of precious metals and Min Tab software is a useful tool in optimisation of the leaching conditions.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79090144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having a competent workforce is one of the key elements that enable organizations to improve their global performance Thus, it is important for an organization to manage the competencies of its staff in the best possible way. In this paper, we present a serious game named EnviRun’, that evaluates the acquired competencies of environmental consultants _ The environmental consultant advises and assists industries on projects related to the environment and sustainable development_ Indeed, Competency evaluation allows the organizations to define the potential of existing competencies and to specify competencies that need to be improved. To this end, the first step was competency identification. Indeed, we developed a competency framework that includes competencies required by an environmental consultant. Thereafter, the game elements were designed. To evaluate the environmental consultants’ competencies, an approach based on the interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic representation model has been proposed, this approach is more flexible when dealing with qualitative information.
{"title":"A Serious Game for Evaluating the Competencies of Environmental Consultants","authors":"Mariem Bouri, L. Chraibi, N. Sefiani","doi":"10.11159/icmie20.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icmie20.124","url":null,"abstract":"Having a competent workforce is one of the key elements that enable organizations to improve their global performance Thus, it is important for an organization to manage the competencies of its staff in the best possible way. In this paper, we present a serious game named EnviRun’, that evaluates the acquired competencies of environmental consultants _ The environmental consultant advises and assists industries on projects related to the environment and sustainable development_ Indeed, Competency evaluation allows the organizations to define the potential of existing competencies and to specify competencies that need to be improved. To this end, the first step was competency identification. Indeed, we developed a competency framework that includes competencies required by an environmental consultant. Thereafter, the game elements were designed. To evaluate the environmental consultants’ competencies, an approach based on the interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic representation model has been proposed, this approach is more flexible when dealing with qualitative information.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72865493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- In this paper, a 2D thermal energy storage (TES) is modelled and solved numerically in the software COMSOL Multiphysics. The aim of this study is to examine the suitability of relevant thermal properties for the selected system design for charging only. The system consists of a cylindrical tank with height 0.5m and diameter 0.5m, acting as a packed bed full of encapsulated phase changing materials (PCM). The heat transfer fluid is water, entering the system at 90°C at a velocity of 0.01m/s. The investigation of the relevant properties focuses on the effect of melting temperature, latent heat of fusion, density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. The final temperatures at different for spheres at different positions across the tank length are recorded and the heat absorbed for said spheres is calculated. Results indicate that the liquid properties of the PCM are more dominant over the temperature reached by system than the solid ones. Furthermore, higher final temperatures have been noted for high thermal conductivity of the liquid. In contrast, high specific heat capacity of the liquid yields significantly lower final temperatures.
{"title":"Exploring the Properties of User-defined Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"L. Sevilla, J. Radulovic","doi":"10.11159/htff20.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff20.143","url":null,"abstract":"- In this paper, a 2D thermal energy storage (TES) is modelled and solved numerically in the software COMSOL Multiphysics. The aim of this study is to examine the suitability of relevant thermal properties for the selected system design for charging only. The system consists of a cylindrical tank with height 0.5m and diameter 0.5m, acting as a packed bed full of encapsulated phase changing materials (PCM). The heat transfer fluid is water, entering the system at 90°C at a velocity of 0.01m/s. The investigation of the relevant properties focuses on the effect of melting temperature, latent heat of fusion, density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. The final temperatures at different for spheres at different positions across the tank length are recorded and the heat absorbed for said spheres is calculated. Results indicate that the liquid properties of the PCM are more dominant over the temperature reached by system than the solid ones. Furthermore, higher final temperatures have been noted for high thermal conductivity of the liquid. In contrast, high specific heat capacity of the liquid yields significantly lower final temperatures.","PeriodicalId":20694,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77335480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：