Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is estimated to cause more than 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide.
However, the level and annual rate of change for PM2.5 varies greatly among countries in the world. Using PME which is population weighted average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each country is exposed, the dynamic trend of PME is measured by the Progress Ratio (PR) from an Experience Curve (EC) involving 190 countries during the period 2000-2014. The average PR for the total group is 96.51% indicating only a moderate decreasing trend of 4.49% per each doubling of the cumulative energy consumption. While a majority of 118 countries experienced a decreasing a trend of PME with an averaged PR of 88.05%, the remaining 72 countries displayed an increasing averaged PR of 110.39%. When two different types of EC, classical and kinked were applied, a majority of 135 countries recorded an averaged PR of 99.68%, while the remaining 55 countries experienced an average PR of 88.94%.
Further examination on the type of slope and trend suggests the chances of a major improvement of future PME in the following order: (1) The 60 countries with an increasing classical slope; (2) The 12 countries with an increasing kinked slope; (3) The 75 countries with a decreasing classical slope.; (4) The 43 countries with a decreasing kinked slope. Further implication from these findings will be discussed.
{"title":"Dynamic Trends of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Among 190 Countries","authors":"Yu Sang Chang, Byong-Jin You, Hann Earl Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3494860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3494860","url":null,"abstract":"Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is estimated to cause more than 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide.<br><br>However, the level and annual rate of change for PM2.5 varies greatly among countries in the world. Using PME which is population weighted average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each country is exposed, the dynamic trend of PME is measured by the Progress Ratio (PR) from an Experience Curve (EC) involving 190 countries during the period 2000-2014. The average PR for the total group is 96.51% indicating only a moderate decreasing trend of 4.49% per each doubling of the cumulative energy consumption. While a majority of 118 countries experienced a decreasing a trend of PME with an averaged PR of 88.05%, the remaining 72 countries displayed an increasing averaged PR of 110.39%. When two different types of EC, classical and kinked were applied, a majority of 135 countries recorded an averaged PR of 99.68%, while the remaining 55 countries experienced an average PR of 88.94%.<br><br>Further examination on the type of slope and trend suggests the chances of a major improvement of future PME in the following order: (1) The 60 countries with an increasing classical slope; (2) The 12 countries with an increasing kinked slope; (3) The 75 countries with a decreasing classical slope.; (4) The 43 countries with a decreasing kinked slope. Further implication from these findings will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In general the composite are made by percentage of mixed or arrangement or concentration of material properties to increase the strength and advantages of the materials. Toeliminate the holding and gluing problems making the direct tensile strength test hard and torsional momentum loads to be applied, a new method of testing specimens prepared using 3d designing CATIA software to make the dog bone shape is assessed whether it could be applied to determine accurate direct tensile strength values and torsional loads over al alloy materials. In the project, i here considered 3 conditions, High percentage of aluminum alloy and low percentage of the silicon, Low percentage of aluminum alloy and high percentage of the silicon and Balanced percentage of aluminum alloy and silicon A series of modeling and analysis was performed using finite element method (ansys workbench) to investigate the deformation and stress to change of effect by material properties. A proper mechanical material property of the specimens was suggested and ideal failure of the dog bone shaped specimens was determined according to the results obtained from this study.
{"title":"Explicit Dynamic Analysis of Tensional & Torsional Propagations on Composite Material with Dog Bone Shaped Testing Specimen","authors":"Yedla Gopala Rao, M. Nataraj, P. Srinivas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3443709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3443709","url":null,"abstract":"In general the composite are made by percentage of mixed or arrangement or concentration of material properties to increase the strength and advantages of the materials. Toeliminate the holding and gluing problems making the direct tensile strength test hard and torsional momentum loads to be applied, a new method of testing specimens prepared using 3d designing CATIA software to make the dog bone shape is assessed whether it could be applied to determine accurate direct tensile strength values and torsional loads over al alloy materials. In the project, i here considered 3 conditions, High percentage of aluminum alloy and low percentage of the silicon, Low percentage of aluminum alloy and high percentage of the silicon and Balanced percentage of aluminum alloy and silicon A series of modeling and analysis was performed using finite element method (ansys workbench) to investigate the deformation and stress to change of effect by material properties. A proper mechanical material property of the specimens was suggested and ideal failure of the dog bone shaped specimens was determined according to the results obtained from this study.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129512676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed a multi-scale model for the precipitation of Guinier-Preston zones (GPZ) in Al-rich binary Al-Cu alloys. The approach is covering three length scales: (i) Starting from density functional theory (DFT) calculations a Cluster Expansion (CE) for the binary Al-Cu system on the fcc lattice is constructed. Based on the obtained CE (ii) a lattice Monte Carlo (MC) sampling technique, known as the overlapping distribution method, is used to calculate cluster free energies of Cu-clusters. Finally (iii) a meso-scale Cluster Dynamics (CD) model is constructed by taking the cluster free energies as input. The model is able to predict the evolution of size distributions of GPZ for different alloy compositions and ageing temperatures. To validate the model, kinetic MC simulations on the precipitation of GPZ are conducted. The results agree well with those obtained by our model.
{"title":"Cluster Dynamics Modelling of Guinier-Preston Zone Formation in Binary Al-Cu Alloys Derived from Cluster Expansion Energetics","authors":"Tobias Stegmueller, F. Haider","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3384281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3384281","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a multi-scale model for the precipitation of Guinier-Preston zones (GPZ) in Al-rich binary Al-Cu alloys. The approach is covering three length scales: (i) Starting from density functional theory (DFT) calculations a Cluster Expansion (CE) for the binary Al-Cu system on the fcc lattice is constructed. Based on the obtained CE (ii) a lattice Monte Carlo (MC) sampling technique, known as the overlapping distribution method, is used to calculate cluster free energies of Cu-clusters. Finally (iii) a meso-scale Cluster Dynamics (CD) model is constructed by taking the cluster free energies as input. The model is able to predict the evolution of size distributions of GPZ for different alloy compositions and ageing temperatures. To validate the model, kinetic MC simulations on the precipitation of GPZ are conducted. The results agree well with those obtained by our model.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate, in the present work, some thermodynamical properties of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), near the thermal deconfining phase transition, at vanishing chemical potential. We project the QGP partition function onto the color-singlet SU(3) representation using a density of states once containing the volume term only, then containing the curvature and the volume terms, according to the Multiple Reflection Expansion approximation. We study the evolution of some physical quantities well describing the mixed hadronic gas-QGP system. We compare the present results to those obtained in our previous works.
{"title":"Thermodynamical Investigation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma Phase near the Deconfining Phase Transition","authors":"A. Ait El Djoudi, Rokaya Djida, K. Mezouar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3372375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3372375","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate, in the present work, some thermodynamical properties of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), near the thermal deconfining phase transition, at vanishing chemical potential. We project the QGP partition function onto the color-singlet SU(3) representation using a density of states once containing the volume term only, then containing the curvature and the volume terms, according to the Multiple Reflection Expansion approximation. We study the evolution of some physical quantities well describing the mixed hadronic gas-QGP system. We compare the present results to those obtained in our previous works.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We extend the study of a parametric latent model for extreme values from Noven et al. (2018) which captures serial dependence in the exceedances above a threshold using so-called trawl processes (Barndorff-Nielsen (2011)) - a family of stationary and infinitely divisible random processes. In this regard, this article comprises a new approximation of the autocorrelation function at small lags. Applying this result, we unveil a unprecedented way to estimate key trawl parameters along with their convergence in probability to the true value under reasonable technical assumptions. We also investigate an identifiability issue from both theoretical arguments and numerical examples with a focus on a simulation study. This leads to apply this model on solar energy intake data (ARNE Mesonet station, Oklahoma, USA) with negative shape parameter which corroborates the flexibility and goodness-of-fit originally tested in Noven et al. (2018).
{"title":"Inference, Simulation and Application of a Latent Trawl Model for Extreme Values","authors":"Valentin Courgeau, Almut E. D. Veraart","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3296257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296257","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the study of a parametric latent model for extreme values from Noven et al. (2018) which captures serial dependence in the exceedances above a threshold using so-called trawl processes (Barndorff-Nielsen (2011)) - a family of stationary and infinitely divisible random processes. In this regard, this article comprises a new approximation of the autocorrelation function at small lags. Applying this result, we unveil a unprecedented way to estimate key trawl parameters along with their convergence in probability to the true value under reasonable technical assumptions. We also investigate an identifiability issue from both theoretical arguments and numerical examples with a focus on a simulation study. This leads to apply this model on solar energy intake data (ARNE Mesonet station, Oklahoma, USA) with negative shape parameter which corroborates the flexibility and goodness-of-fit originally tested in Noven et al. (2018).","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129765236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic pricing is increasingly popular in the perishable good markets, but its effect under competition is uncertain due to the potential for the prisoner's dilemma. I study profit and welfare implications of dynamic pricing techniques in a competitive setting. I construct a structural dynamic oligopoly model where capacitated firms compete in selling differentiated products over a finite horizon when facing demand fluctuations. I estimate the model in U.S. oligopolistic airline markets using an event of carrier exit and flight-level data. I find that (i) the ability to smooth demand fluctuations intensifies competition and benefits consumers substantially; (ii) the ability to price discriminate softens competition and allows firms to extract a substantial amount of consumer surplus.
{"title":"Perishable Good Dynamic Pricing Under Competition: An Empirical Study in the Airline Markets","authors":"Nan Chen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3228392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3228392","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic pricing is increasingly popular in the perishable good markets, but its effect under competition is uncertain due to the potential for the prisoner's dilemma. I study profit and welfare implications of dynamic pricing techniques in a competitive setting. I construct a structural dynamic oligopoly model where capacitated firms compete in selling differentiated products over a finite horizon when facing demand fluctuations. I estimate the model in U.S. oligopolistic airline markets using an event of carrier exit and flight-level data. I find that (i) the ability to smooth demand fluctuations intensifies competition and benefits consumers substantially; (ii) the ability to price discriminate softens competition and allows firms to extract a substantial amount of consumer surplus.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123107864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on the literature review of resource allocation techniques in cloud computing technology. Cloud computing is a generation technology that allows the users to share resources over any communication network by using virtualization technique. In cloud, different resources are provided to the user with the help of dynamic resource allocation. Resource allocation is an integral part of IaaS model of cloud computing and also is one of the issues in cloud computing. Due to the ever increasing demands of the users for services or resources, it becomes difficult to allocate resources accurately to the user demands in order to satisfy their requests and also to take care of the Service Level Agreements (SLA) provided by the service providers. This paper discusses various Resource Allocation Techniques.
{"title":"An Economy-Based Preemption Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing","authors":"Anto Leoba, Kombou Victor, Fokam Poka Arsene","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3310368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3310368","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on the literature review of resource allocation techniques in cloud computing technology. Cloud computing is a generation technology that allows the users to share resources over any communication network by using virtualization technique. In cloud, different resources are provided to the user with the help of dynamic resource allocation. Resource allocation is an integral part of IaaS model of cloud computing and also is one of the issues in cloud computing. Due to the ever increasing demands of the users for services or resources, it becomes difficult to allocate resources accurately to the user demands in order to satisfy their requests and also to take care of the Service Level Agreements (SLA) provided by the service providers. This paper discusses various Resource Allocation Techniques.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128690926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheik Md Kazi Nazrul Islam, Prince Mayank, Yulou Ouyang, Jie Chen, Arun K. Sagotra, Meng Li, M. Cortie, R. Mole, C. Cazorla, D. Yu, Xiaolin Wang, R. Robinson, D. Cortie
The ultra-low thermal conductivity of Cu2Se is well established, but there is so far no consensus on the underlying mechanism. One proposal is that the fast-ionic diffusion of copper suppresses the acoustic phonons. The diffusion coefficients reported previously, however, differ by two orders of magnitude between the various studies and it remains unclear whether the diffusion is fast enough to impact the heat-bearing phonons. Here, a two-fold approach is used to accurately re-determine the diffusion rates. Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, incorporating landmark analysis techniques, were closely compared with experimental quasielastic/inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Reasonable agreement was found between these approaches, consistent with the experimental coefficient of 3.1 ± 1.3 10-5 cm2.s-1 and an activation barrier of 140 ± 60 meV. The hopping mechanism includes short 2 Å hops between tetragonal and interstitial octahedral sites. This process forms dynamic Frenkel defects, however, there is no indication of additional broadening in the density-of-states indicating the intrinsic anharmonic interactions dictate the phonon lifetimes.
{"title":"Copper Diffusion Rates and Hopping Pathways in Superionic Cu 2Se: Implications for Thermoelectricity","authors":"Sheik Md Kazi Nazrul Islam, Prince Mayank, Yulou Ouyang, Jie Chen, Arun K. Sagotra, Meng Li, M. Cortie, R. Mole, C. Cazorla, D. Yu, Xiaolin Wang, R. Robinson, D. Cortie","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3716044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3716044","url":null,"abstract":"The ultra-low thermal conductivity of Cu<sub>2</sub>Se is well established, but there is so far no consensus on the underlying mechanism. One proposal is that the fast-ionic diffusion of copper suppresses the acoustic phonons. The diffusion coefficients reported previously, however, differ by two orders of magnitude between the various studies and it remains unclear whether the diffusion is fast enough to impact the heat-bearing phonons. Here, a two-fold approach is used to accurately re-determine the diffusion rates. Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, incorporating landmark analysis techniques, were closely compared with experimental quasielastic/inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Reasonable agreement was found between these approaches, consistent with the experimental coefficient of 3.1 ± 1.3 10-5 cm<sup>2</sup>.s<sup>-1</sup> and an activation barrier of 140 ± 60 meV. The hopping mechanism includes short 2 Å hops between tetragonal and interstitial octahedral sites. This process forms dynamic Frenkel defects, however, there is no indication of additional broadening in the density-of-states indicating the intrinsic anharmonic interactions dictate the phonon lifetimes.<p></p>","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134515321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号