Half of all travelers have such inflexible schedules that they strictly prefer their ex-ante arrival times to all others; however, existing models of traffic congestion implicitly assume that no such inframarginal travelers exist. This leads these models to predict travel times nearly seven times greater than those observed. Accounting for these travelers significantly improves these models’ ability to fit the data and changes policy prescriptions. In the case of congestion pricing, it reduces the socially optimal road toll by up to 72%.
{"title":"Inframarginal Travelers and Transportation Policy","authors":"Jonathan D. Hall","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3424097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3424097","url":null,"abstract":"Half of all travelers have such inflexible schedules that they strictly prefer their ex-ante arrival times to all others; however, existing models of traffic congestion implicitly assume that no such inframarginal travelers exist. This leads these models to predict travel times nearly seven times greater than those observed. Accounting for these travelers significantly improves these models’ ability to fit the data and changes policy prescriptions. In the case of congestion pricing, it reduces the socially optimal road toll by up to 72%.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122006970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Bicontinuous nanoporous metallic glasses (MG) synergize the outstanding properties of MGs and open-cell nanoporous materials. The low-density and high-specific-surface-area of bicontinuous nanoporous structures have the potential to enhance the applicability of MGs in catalysis, sensors, and lightweight structural designs. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations of tensile loading deformation and failure of bicontinuous nanoporous Cu64Zr36 MG with 55% porosity and 4.4 nm ligament size. Results indicate an anomalous mechanical behavior featuring delocalized plastic deformation preceding ductile failure. The deformation follows two mechanisms: i) Necking of ligaments aligned with the loading direction and ii) progressive alignment of randomly oriented ligaments. Failure occurs at 0.16 strain, following massive rupture of ligaments. This work indicates that a bicontinuous nanoporous design is able to effectively delocalize strain localization in a MG due to a combination of size effect on the ductility of MGs resulting in nano ligaments necking and progressive asynchronous alignment of ligaments.
{"title":"Bicontinuous Nanoporous Design Induced Homogenization of Strain Localization in Metallic Glasses","authors":"Chang Liu, Suyue Yuan, Paulo S Branicio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683594","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bicontinuous nanoporous metallic glasses (MG) synergize the outstanding properties of MGs and open-cell nanoporous materials. The low-density and high-specific-surface-area of bicontinuous nanoporous structures have the potential to enhance the applicability of MGs in catalysis, sensors, and lightweight structural designs. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations of tensile loading deformation and failure of bicontinuous nanoporous Cu64Zr36 MG with 55% porosity and 4.4 nm ligament size. Results indicate an anomalous mechanical behavior featuring delocalized plastic deformation preceding ductile failure. The deformation follows two mechanisms: i) Necking of ligaments aligned with the loading direction and ii) progressive alignment of randomly oriented ligaments. Failure occurs at 0.16 strain, following massive rupture of ligaments. This work indicates that a bicontinuous nanoporous design is able to effectively delocalize strain localization in a MG due to a combination of size effect on the ductility of MGs resulting in nano ligaments necking and progressive asynchronous alignment of ligaments.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12504
Dang Thanh Chuong
Optical burst switching (OBS) is being considered as an optical transmission technology that meets the increasing bandwidth demands and requirements of quality of service (QoS) of the next generation alloptical Internet. Due to technological limitations such as optical buffers are not yet available at core nodes, ensuring QoS in OBS networks is difficult to perform flexibly compared to electronic networks (e.g. IP network). In this paper, a combination of the prediction based on burst traffic and fiber delay links (FDL) is proposed to allocate wavelengths properly, ensuring QoS and improving the network performance. Efficiency evaluations based on mathematical analysis and simulation will confirm the advantages of our proposed model.
{"title":"A Retrial Queueing Model With Scheduling Admission Control in QOS Supporting for FDL-Equipped at OBS Core Node","authors":"Dang Thanh Chuong","doi":"10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12504","url":null,"abstract":"Optical burst switching (OBS) is being considered as an optical transmission technology that meets the increasing bandwidth demands and requirements of quality of service (QoS) of the next generation alloptical Internet. Due to technological limitations such as optical buffers are not yet available at core nodes, ensuring QoS in OBS networks is difficult to perform flexibly compared to electronic networks (e.g. IP network). In this paper, a combination of the prediction based on burst traffic and fiber delay links (FDL) is proposed to allocate wavelengths properly, ensuring QoS and improving the network performance. Efficiency evaluations based on mathematical analysis and simulation will confirm the advantages of our proposed model.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128123067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.5121/ijnsa.2020.12401
S. R. Selamat
Current password authentication system was proven not secure enough to protect the information from intruders. However, various research has been done and the results show the value of FRR still low and the value of FAR still high. Thus, one of the methods suggests, is enhancing the current system using keystroke dynamics. Keystroke dynamics is a type of bio-metric authentication that does not require any special hardware, easy to use as the same routine as normal password authentication. Therefore, this research proposed an authentication system using keystroke dynamics to prevent the system from intruders. A system is developed that consist of two parts which are enrollment and verification. Then, a prototype is developed for testing process that consists of 3 main modules, namely Enrollment, Client/Server Connection and, Verification and Retraining. Based on the testing, the system proved that the keystroke dynamic authentication system was able to implement in client/server environment and shows the value of EER is low that indicates it provide a better system authentication. In future, the system can be improved by enhancing the security, performance, and user interface.
{"title":"Enhanced Authentication for Web-Based Security Using Keystroke Dynamics","authors":"S. R. Selamat","doi":"10.5121/ijnsa.2020.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijnsa.2020.12401","url":null,"abstract":"Current password authentication system was proven not secure enough to protect the information from intruders. However, various research has been done and the results show the value of FRR still low and the value of FAR still high. Thus, one of the methods suggests, is enhancing the current system using keystroke dynamics. Keystroke dynamics is a type of bio-metric authentication that does not require any special hardware, easy to use as the same routine as normal password authentication. Therefore, this research proposed an authentication system using keystroke dynamics to prevent the system from intruders. A system is developed that consist of two parts which are enrollment and verification. Then, a prototype is developed for testing process that consists of 3 main modules, namely Enrollment, Client/Server Connection and, Verification and Retraining. Based on the testing, the system proved that the keystroke dynamic authentication system was able to implement in client/server environment and shows the value of EER is low that indicates it provide a better system authentication. In future, the system can be improved by enhancing the security, performance, and user interface.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121975917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.200995
O. Bugrov, O. Bugrova
The object of research is a conceptual approach to the process of controlling the dynamics of the financial and economic efficiency of a construction project as a result of engineering has been developed. Acceleration of scientific and technological progress underlines the relevance of this topic. It is established that the theory of the project value dynamics is based on three laws. The first law of the project value dynamics emphasizes that a qualitative, dynamic growth of value occurs only through innovation or rationalization, and the rest of the design changes is static. Charts of isovalue demonstrate the potential state of the financial and economic performance of the project in the four-dimensional space «time-benefits-costs-risks». Each subsequent line of isovalue, which runs farther from the origin, reflects a higher level of intense project value. The second law of value dynamics indicates that entropy is gradually decreasing as a result of the project. Thus, the earlier engineering sessions take place (within the project life cycle) for introducing innovations, the higher the potential for influencing the dynamics of the project value. The third law of the project value dynamics provides that the absolute maximum value cannot be achieved. So, innovation, unlike other factors of financial and economic growth, is an inexhaustible source of increasing the value of projects. The change in the «benefit-cost ratio» (BCR) adequately reflects the project value dynamics. This indicator clearly takes into account all four factors (measurements) of project effectiveness and captures precisely dynamic, qualitative changes in value. BCR is very similar to the definition of value, which is used in functional value and hierarchical analysis. This promotes mutual understanding and convergence in communications between project stakeholders (in the integrated Crystal model, value management). The process of controlling the project value dynamics directs the work of the engineering team to achieve project results that are best suited to the interests of investors, subject to a careful attitude to nature.
{"title":"Control Process Development on the Ground of Project Value Dynamics Laws","authors":"O. Bugrov, O. Bugrova","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.200995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.200995","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is a conceptual approach to the process of controlling the dynamics of the financial and economic efficiency of a construction project as a result of engineering has been developed. Acceleration of scientific and technological progress underlines the relevance of this topic. It is established that the theory of the project value dynamics is based on three laws. The first law of the project value dynamics emphasizes that a qualitative, dynamic growth of value occurs only through innovation or rationalization, and the rest of the design changes is static. Charts of isovalue demonstrate the potential state of the financial and economic performance of the project in the four-dimensional space «time-benefits-costs-risks». Each subsequent line of isovalue, which runs farther from the origin, reflects a higher level of intense project value. The second law of value dynamics indicates that entropy is gradually decreasing as a result of the project. Thus, the earlier engineering sessions take place (within the project life cycle) for introducing innovations, the higher the potential for influencing the dynamics of the project value. The third law of the project value dynamics provides that the absolute maximum value cannot be achieved. So, innovation, unlike other factors of financial and economic growth, is an inexhaustible source of increasing the value of projects. The change in the «benefit-cost ratio» (BCR) adequately reflects the project value dynamics. This indicator clearly takes into account all four factors (measurements) of project effectiveness and captures precisely dynamic, qualitative changes in value. BCR is very similar to the definition of value, which is used in functional value and hierarchical analysis. This promotes mutual understanding and convergence in communications between project stakeholders (in the integrated Crystal model, value management). The process of controlling the project value dynamics directs the work of the engineering team to achieve project results that are best suited to the interests of investors, subject to a careful attitude to nature.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129637282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198660
O. Fomin, A. Lovska, O. Kovtun, V. Nerubatskyi
The longitudinal-dynamic load on a railroad train has been studied at its steady motion along the track of a homogeneous profile. A value of the longitudinal loading that a train is exposed to has been established. The calculations were carried out for a train consisting of 40 similar semi-wagons. The magnitude of the longitudinal loading, in this case, is taken to equal 1.2 MN. It is important to note that when increasing the motion speed, as well as the weight of a train, the magnitude of the longitudinal load may exceed the specified value. This contributes to the additional loading on the bearing structures of cars on the train and can cause damage to them. In addition, significant longitudinal-dynamic loads contribute to disrupting the motion stability of cars in the train. In order to reduce the longitudinal-dynamic efforts in the train under operating modes, including braking, it has been proposed to use, instead of a standard automatic coupling device, a conceptual coupler. In this case, the impact's kinetic energy is damped by transforming it into the work of a viscous resistance force. This resistance is created by moving a viscous liquid through the throttle holes of the piston based on the principle of hydraulic damper operation. To substantiate the use of a conceptual coupler, the calculation has been performed based on a method for determining the strength of the coupling device through the imaginary separation of a train into two parts. Taking into consideration a coefficient of the viscous resistance, which is created by the conceptual coupler, the acceleration experienced by a train reached about 0.8 m/s 2 . In other words, the use of a conceptual coupler makes it possible to reduce the longitudinal loading on a train by almost 30 % compared with the standard scheme of interaction between a locomotive and cars. The rod of the conceptual coupler has been estimated for strength. It has been established that the maximum equivalent stresses do not exceed permissible limits. The proposed measures would contribute to the reduction of a dynamic load on a railroad train under the loading modes of operation. The implementation of a given concept could also contribute to bringing down the damage to railroad stock in exploitation
本文研究了列车沿均匀剖面轨道稳定运动时的纵向动载荷。列车所承受的纵向载荷的数值已经确定。这些计算是在一列由40节类似的半车厢组成的火车上进行的。在这种情况下，纵向荷载的大小取为1.2 MN。值得注意的是，当增加运动速度以及列车的重量时，纵向载荷的大小可能超过规定值。这对火车上车厢的承重结构造成了额外的负荷，并可能对它们造成损害。此外，显著的纵向动载荷会破坏列车车厢的运动稳定性。为了减少列车在运行模式下的纵向动力努力，包括制动，已经提出使用概念耦合器代替标准的自动耦合器。在这种情况下，冲击的动能通过将其转化为粘性阻力的功而受到抑制。这种阻力是根据液压阻尼器的工作原理，通过活塞的节流孔移动粘性液体而产生的。为了证实概念耦合器的使用，计算是根据一种方法进行的，该方法通过假想将列车分成两部分来确定耦合器的强度。考虑到由概念耦合器产生的粘性阻力系数，列车所经历的加速度约为0.8 m/s 2。换句话说，与机车和车厢之间相互作用的标准方案相比，使用概念耦合器可以将列车上的纵向载荷减少近30%。对概念耦合器杆的强度进行了估计。已经确定，最大等效应力不超过允许的限度。建议的措施将有助于减少铁路列车在负荷运作模式下的动载。某一概念的实施也有助于减少铁路资源在开发过程中的损失
{"title":"Defining Patterns in the Longitudinal Load on a Train Equipped With the New Conceptual Couplers","authors":"O. Fomin, A. Lovska, O. Kovtun, V. Nerubatskyi","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198660","url":null,"abstract":"The longitudinal-dynamic load on a railroad train has been studied at its steady motion along the track of a homogeneous profile. A value of the longitudinal loading that a train is exposed to has been established. The calculations were carried out for a train consisting of 40 similar semi-wagons. The magnitude of the longitudinal loading, in this case, is taken to equal 1.2 MN. It is important to note that when increasing the motion speed, as well as the weight of a train, the magnitude of the longitudinal load may exceed the specified value. This contributes to the additional loading on the bearing structures of cars on the train and can cause damage to them. In addition, significant longitudinal-dynamic loads contribute to disrupting the motion stability of cars in the train. In order to reduce the longitudinal-dynamic efforts in the train under operating modes, including braking, it has been proposed to use, instead of a standard automatic coupling device, a conceptual coupler. In this case, the impact's kinetic energy is damped by transforming it into the work of a viscous resistance force. This resistance is created by moving a viscous liquid through the throttle holes of the piston based on the principle of hydraulic damper operation. To substantiate the use of a conceptual coupler, the calculation has been performed based on a method for determining the strength of the coupling device through the imaginary separation of a train into two parts. Taking into consideration a coefficient of the viscous resistance, which is created by the conceptual coupler, the acceleration experienced by a train reached about 0.8 m/s 2 . In other words, the use of a conceptual coupler makes it possible to reduce the longitudinal loading on a train by almost 30 % compared with the standard scheme of interaction between a locomotive and cars. The rod of the conceptual coupler has been estimated for strength. It has been established that the maximum equivalent stresses do not exceed permissible limits. The proposed measures would contribute to the reduction of a dynamic load on a railroad train under the loading modes of operation. The implementation of a given concept could also contribute to bringing down the damage to railroad stock in exploitation","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127863973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper utilises a newly compiled, unique data set of silver prices for the London and New York markets, as well as the monthly Dollar-Sterling exchange rate from 1878 and 1953 to investigate the source and flows of information and price discovery. Results indicate that London was the dominant market and pricing leader of silver throughout the period analysed. Further evidence suggests that there existed dynamic information flows both within years and decades. These phenomena can be explained due to the use of silver for agricultural market payments and international silver production flows respectively.
{"title":"Where was the Global Price of Silver Established? Evidence from London and New York (1878-1953)","authors":"S. Corbet, Fergal O'Connor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3550846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550846","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper utilises a newly compiled, unique data set of silver prices for the London and New York markets, as well as the monthly Dollar-Sterling exchange rate from 1878 and 1953 to investigate the source and flows of information and price discovery. Results indicate that London was the dominant market and pricing leader of silver throughout the period analysed. Further evidence suggests that there existed dynamic information flows both within years and decades. These phenomena can be explained due to the use of silver for agricultural market payments and international silver production flows respectively.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126480527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balmuri, N. Waters, Jonas Hegemann, J. Kierfeld, Tagbo H. R. Niepa
Chronic lung infection with bacterial biofilms is a leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the many species colonizing the lung airways, can undergo pathoadaptation, leading to a mucoid phenotype with interesting material properties. We hypothesize that the surface properties and extracellular materials of mucoid P. aeruginosa cells greatly influence the mechanical behavior of their films at fluid interfaces. In this study, we investigate the interfacial properties of films formed by nonmucoid (PANT) and mucoid (PASL) strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients. We use pendant drop elastometry to analyze the interfacial response of the films formed by PANT and PASL at the hexadecane-water interface. The dynamic rheological analyses of the films highlight the distinctive signature of the mucoid strains at fluid interfaces. The mucoid films exhibit greater relaxation following a compressive strain than a tensile one, while a full hysteresis response is achieved by the nonmucoid films; this indicates that the material properties of the PANT films are conserved under both compression and tension. The wrinkling and shape analyses of the interfacial biological films elucidate that the mucoid strain exhibits remarkable viscoelastic properties, enabling the remodeling of the living films and dissipation of the compressive stress. The comparative analysis of the material properties of mucoid and nonmucoid P. aeruginosa cells indicates that mucoid switch can play an important role in protecting the bacteria from interfacial stresses. Further characterization of interfacial bacterial films will provide new insights into the development of methods for controlling interfacial films of bacteria.
{"title":"Material Properties of Interfacial Films of Mucoid and Nonmucoid Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates","authors":"S. Balmuri, N. Waters, Jonas Hegemann, J. Kierfeld, Tagbo H. R. Niepa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3545079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3545079","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic lung infection with bacterial biofilms is a leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the many species colonizing the lung airways, can undergo pathoadaptation, leading to a mucoid phenotype with interesting material properties. We hypothesize that the surface properties and extracellular materials of mucoid P. aeruginosa cells greatly influence the mechanical behavior of their films at fluid interfaces. In this study, we investigate the interfacial properties of films formed by nonmucoid (PANT) and mucoid (PASL) strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients. We use pendant drop elastometry to analyze the interfacial response of the films formed by PANT and PASL at the hexadecane-water interface. The dynamic rheological analyses of the films highlight the distinctive signature of the mucoid strains at fluid interfaces. The mucoid films exhibit greater relaxation following a compressive strain than a tensile one, while a full hysteresis response is achieved by the nonmucoid films; this indicates that the material properties of the PANT films are conserved under both compression and tension. The wrinkling and shape analyses of the interfacial biological films elucidate that the mucoid strain exhibits remarkable viscoelastic properties, enabling the remodeling of the living films and dissipation of the compressive stress. The comparative analysis of the material properties of mucoid and nonmucoid P. aeruginosa cells indicates that mucoid switch can play an important role in protecting the bacteria from interfacial stresses. Further characterization of interfacial bacterial films will provide new insights into the development of methods for controlling interfacial films of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124776172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-24DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.192468
D. Bannikov, S. Yakovlev
At present, one of the main problems arising from the long-term operation of one-section electric locomotives is the need to maintain their good technical condition. In this case, the determining aspect is often rapid identification of existing defects and damage to the main bearing structural elements of machine bodies, as well as preventing their development into more serious structural deviations.The aim of the study is to develop a specialized method that allows identifying defects of the main bearing structural elements of the bodies of one-section electric locomotives at the early stages of emergence and development. This method of dynamic integral evaluation is based on the analysis of partial dynamic spectrum of the electric locomotive. Based on the magnitude of the spectrum deviation relative to the theoretical one obtained from finite element modeling, it is possible to determine the approximate nature and location of damage, especially latent.The frequency spectrum of the main bearing structural elements of the bodies of one-section electric locomotives obtained in the course of the studies is rather dense and lies in the frequency range up to 20 Hz. The presence of damage reduces its value, and for the most common types of defects, this reduction is 25–30 %.The effectiveness of the practical application of the dynamic integral evaluation method is illustrated by the example of the DS3-008 machine. The method revealed hidden damage to one of the elements of the bearing frame of the front surface of the cab, which was not revealed during the standard maintenance procedure of the machine. The use of the method of dynamic integral evaluation of the technical condition of electric locomotives is quite versatile and can also be recommended for other units of railway rolling stock. In practice, the introduction of this approach will effectively prevent the development of emergencies
{"title":"Development of Dynamic Integral Evaluation Method of Technical State of One-Section Electric Locomotive Body","authors":"D. Bannikov, S. Yakovlev","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.192468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.192468","url":null,"abstract":"At present, one of the main problems arising from the long-term operation of one-section electric locomotives is the need to maintain their good technical condition. In this case, the determining aspect is often rapid identification of existing defects and damage to the main bearing structural elements of machine bodies, as well as preventing their development into more serious structural deviations.The aim of the study is to develop a specialized method that allows identifying defects of the main bearing structural elements of the bodies of one-section electric locomotives at the early stages of emergence and development. This method of dynamic integral evaluation is based on the analysis of partial dynamic spectrum of the electric locomotive. Based on the magnitude of the spectrum deviation relative to the theoretical one obtained from finite element modeling, it is possible to determine the approximate nature and location of damage, especially latent.The frequency spectrum of the main bearing structural elements of the bodies of one-section electric locomotives obtained in the course of the studies is rather dense and lies in the frequency range up to 20 Hz. The presence of damage reduces its value, and for the most common types of defects, this reduction is 25–30 %.The effectiveness of the practical application of the dynamic integral evaluation method is illustrated by the example of the DS3-008 machine. The method revealed hidden damage to one of the elements of the bearing frame of the front surface of the cab, which was not revealed during the standard maintenance procedure of the machine. The use of the method of dynamic integral evaluation of the technical condition of electric locomotives is quite versatile and can also be recommended for other units of railway rolling stock. In practice, the introduction of this approach will effectively prevent the development of emergencies","PeriodicalId":207061,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Dynamical System (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133206267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90810
U. Gawande, K. Hajari, Yogesh Golhar
Pedestrian detection and monitoring in a surveillance system are critical for numerous utility areas which encompass unusual event detection, human gait, congestion or crowded vicinity evaluation, gender classification, fall detection in elderly humans, etc. Researchers’ primary focus is to develop surveillance system that can work in a dynamic environment, but there are major issues and challenges involved in designing such systems. These challenges occur at three different levels of pedestrian detection, viz. video acquisition, human detection, and its tracking. The challenges in acquiring video are, viz. illumination variation, abrupt motion, complex background, shadows, object deformation, etc. Human detection and tracking challenges are varied poses, occlusion, crowd density area tracking, etc. These results in lower recognition rate. A brief summary of surveillance system along with comparisons of pedestrian detection and tracking technique in video surveillance is presented in this chapter. The publicly available pedestrian benchmark databases as well as the future research directions on pedestrian detection have also been discussed.
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