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Why do outsiders commend us? Reactions to group-based praise concerning morality or competence 为什么外人称赞我们?对基于群体的关于道德或能力的赞美的反应
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0008
S. Moscatelli
Abstract In intergroup contexts, praise is important to encourage the members of a group to keep the desired behaviors and seems to be generally well-accepted. However, there is some evidence that, under specific conditions, recipients are more suspicious of praise delivered from outgroup rather than ingroup members. The current study (N = 126, university students) examined how people responded to ingroup and outgroup praise that concerned different dimensions (morality vs. competence). Although morality is considered the most important dimension in group evaluation, recipients of morality praise judged it as less pleasant and less sincere and attributed less benevolent motives to the speaker when the speaker was an outgroup (vs. ingroup) member. These findings contribute to the knowledge on responses to group-directed praise, suggesting that outgroup representatives should be careful about the dimension of praise if they wish the praise to be accepted.
在群体间环境中,表扬对于鼓励群体成员保持期望的行为是很重要的,并且似乎被普遍接受。然而,有证据表明,在特定条件下,接受者更怀疑来自外部群体的赞美,而不是来自内部群体的赞美。目前的研究(N = 126,大学生)调查了人们对涉及不同维度(道德与能力)的群体内和群体外表扬的反应。尽管道德被认为是群体评价中最重要的维度,但当演讲者是外群体成员(与内群体成员相比)时,接受者对道德赞扬的评价不那么令人愉快和不那么真诚,并且认为演讲者的仁慈动机较少。这些发现有助于了解对群体导向的表扬的反应,表明外群体代表如果希望表扬被接受,就应该小心表扬的维度。
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引用次数: 0
Online intergroup contact and intergroup attitudes: A cross sectional and a longitudinal study of Greeks and Germans interacting on Twitter and Facebook 在线群体间接触和群体间态度:对希腊人和德国人在推特和脸书上互动的横向和纵向研究
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0007
Eleni Kioumi, Antonis Gardikiotis
Abstract The current study examined social networking sites, specifically Twitter and Facebook, as spaces for intergroup communication and contact between members of two national groups, Germans and Greeks, during the turbulent times of the Greek economic crisis. A cross-sectional study on Twitter and a longitudinal study on Facebook were conducted. We examined how social psychological variables (such as prior and extended contact, friendship, intergroup anxiety, national identification) and variables specific to the communication context (such as perceived quality of contact, vicarious contact quality, perceived anonymity, self-disclosure) relate to intergroup attitudes. Both social psychological and communication-relevant variables statistically significantly and independently predicted intergroup attitudes. Moreover, the longitudinal study showed that online contact improved intergroup attitudes and reduced intergroup anxiety. Findings suggest that intergroup contact via social networking sites can have positive effects on intergroup attitudes and that both social psychological and communication-related variables are important in understanding these effects.
摘要当前的研究考察了社交网站,特别是推特和脸书,在希腊经济危机的动荡时期,作为德国和希腊两个民族群体成员之间群体间交流和联系的空间。在Twitter上进行了一项横断面研究,在Facebook上进行了纵向研究。我们研究了社会心理变量(如先前和长期接触、友谊、群体间焦虑、民族认同)和特定于沟通环境的变量(如感知的接触质量、替代性接触质量、感知的匿名性、自我揭露)与群体间态度的关系。社会心理和沟通相关变量都在统计学上显著且独立地预测了群体间的态度。此外,纵向研究表明,在线接触改善了群体间的态度,减少了群体间焦虑。研究结果表明,通过社交网站进行的群体间接触可以对群体间态度产生积极影响,社会心理和沟通相关变量对理解这些影响都很重要。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of situational contexts and occupational roles on listeners’ judgements on accented speech 情景语境和职业角色对听者口音判断的影响
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0001
Okim Kang, Katherine Yaw, M. Kostromitina
Abstract Much language attitude research has demonstrated that people make biased judgements based on speakers’ language choice and accent. However, the influence of occupational context on listeners’ perceptions of accented English is largely unknown. This verbal guise study examined the extent to which academic contexts and workforce-related professional contexts affect listeners’ judgements of accented speech. Results revealed that simulated contexts made a significant difference in listeners’ perceptual judgements, with speakers perceived as significantly more comprehensible and acceptable in service-occupational roles than in academic contexts. These findings suggest that listeners’ speech judgements can be heavily influenced by speakers’ situational contexts. The study also provides evidence in support of the fluency principle, showing that listeners may evaluate accented speech more negatively if it requires more processing effort. The findings inform the domains of linguistic stereotyping and listeners’ attitudes towards accented speech.
摘要许多语言态度研究表明,人们会根据说话者的语言选择和口音做出有偏见的判断。然而,职业语境对听众对重音英语认知的影响在很大程度上是未知的。这项言语伪装研究考察了学术背景和与劳动力相关的专业背景在多大程度上影响听众对重音语音的判断。结果显示,模拟情境对听众的感知判断有显著影响,与学术情境相比,说话者在服务职业角色中被认为更容易理解和接受。这些发现表明,听众的言语判断在很大程度上会受到说话人情境的影响。这项研究还提供了支持流利性原则的证据,表明如果重音语音需要更多的处理工作,听众可能会对其进行更负面的评价。研究结果揭示了语言刻板印象和听众对重音语音的态度。
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引用次数: 1
Investigating the utility of cognitive interview mnemonics among non-native English speakers 非英语为母语者认知面试助记术的效用调查
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0012
Keith Wylie, Jacqueline R. Evans
Abstract Best practice eyewitness interviewing mnemonics have not been tested with linguistically diverse samples. Cognitively complex mnemonics may overload non-native speakers’ cognitive resources, which are already engaged in speaking a non-native language. Social facilitation mnemonics may help non-native speakers, who might be hesitant to report details. The current study tested the reverse order mnemonic (cognitively complex) and a set of introductory instructions (social facilitation) compared to control interviews among native and non-native English speakers. Native speakers provided more details than nonnative speakers, particularly in the control interview condition. Both the reverse order and control conditions elicited newly generated details because of repeated questioning. Accuracy rates were comparable across language and interview conditions. Future research should develop an interviewing protocol that is sensitive to the challenges faced by nonnative speakers.
摘要最佳实践目击者访谈助记符尚未通过语言多样性样本进行测试。认知上复杂的助记符可能会使非母语人士的认知资源过载,而这些资源已经在讲非母语。社交便利助记符可能有助于非母语人士,他们可能对报告细节犹豫不决。与对照访谈相比,目前的研究在母语为英语和非母语为英语的人中测试了逆序助记符(认知复杂)和一套介绍性指令(社交便利)。母语人士比非母语人士提供了更多的细节,尤其是在对照访谈条件下。由于反复的询问,反向顺序和控制条件都引发了新产生的细节。不同语言和面试条件下的准确率相当。未来的研究应该制定一种对非母语人士所面临的挑战敏感的访谈协议。
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引用次数: 0
Twitter language samples reflect collective emotional responses following political leaders’ rhetoric during the pandemic across four countries 推特语言样本反映了四个国家在疫情期间政治领导人发表言论后的集体情绪反应
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0017
Olenka Dworakowski, Ryan L. Boyd, Tabea Meier, Peter Kuppens, M. Mehl, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck, A. Horn
Abstract During the Covid-19 pandemic, the global public has relied on their political leaders to guide them through the crisis. The current study investigated if and how political leader’s rhetoric would be associated with collective emotional responses. We used text analytical methods to investigate association between political leader speech and daily aggregates of expressed emotions on Twitter. We collected posts concerning Covid-19 and all speeches by the highest executive power from the USA, UK, Germany, and Switzerland. We applied cross-lagged time series analyses. Political leaders whose communication was more analytic and communal corresponded to increased positivity on Twitter. Collective communal focus, in turn, increased after speeches which were more analytic and negative. Processes of socio-affective dynamics between political leaders and the general public are apparent. Our findings demonstrate that political leaders who present public crises competently and with a sense of community are associated with more positive responses on Twitter.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,全球公众一直依靠他们的政治领导人来引导他们度过危机。目前的研究调查了政治领导人的言辞是否以及如何与集体情绪反应相关联。我们使用文本分析方法来调查政治领导人言论与Twitter上表达的日常情绪总量之间的关系。我们收集了来自美国、英国、德国和瑞士的有关新冠肺炎的帖子和最高行政权力的所有讲话。我们应用交叉滞后时间序列分析。政治领导人在Twitter上的沟通更具分析性和群众性,他们在Twitter上的积极性也更高。而在分析性和消极性更强的演讲之后,集体的注意力会增加。政治领导人和公众之间的社会情感动态过程是显而易见的。我们的研究结果表明,有能力提出公共危机并具有社区意识的政治领导人在Twitter上得到了更积极的回应。
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引用次数: 0
The semantic inflation of “trauma” in psychology 心理学中“创伤”的语义膨胀
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0002
Naomi Baes, Ekaterina Vylomova, M. Zyphur, N. Haslam
Abstract Trauma is an increasingly prominent concept in psychology and society at large. According to the theory of concept creep, it is one of several harm-related concepts that have undergone semantic inflation in recent decades, expanding to encompass new kinds of phenomena (horizontal expansion) and less severe phenomena (vertical expansion). Previous research has demonstrated that “trauma” has come to be used in a widening range of semantic contexts, implying horizontal expansion, but has not investigated vertical expansion. The present study developed a methodology for evaluating vertical expansion and implemented it using an English-language corpus of 825,628 scientific psychology article abstracts from 1970 to 2017. Findings indicate that “trauma” has come to be used in less severe contexts, and this trend may be linked to its rising frequency of use. These findings support the predictions of the concept creep theory and provide a new method for investigating the language dynamics of harm-related concepts.
摘要创伤是心理学和社会中一个日益突出的概念。根据概念蠕变理论,它是近几十年来经历语义膨胀的几个与伤害相关的概念之一,扩展到包括新的现象(水平扩展)和不太严重的现象(垂直扩展)。先前的研究表明,“创伤”已经在越来越多的语义上下文中使用,意味着横向扩展,但没有研究纵向扩展。本研究开发了一种评估纵向扩展的方法,并使用1970年至2017年825628篇科学心理学文章摘要的英语语料库进行了实施。研究结果表明,“创伤”已经在不太严重的情况下使用,这一趋势可能与其使用频率的上升有关。这些发现支持了概念蠕变理论的预测,并为研究伤害相关概念的语言动力学提供了一种新的方法。
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引用次数: 3
A scientific communication mentoring intervention benefits diverse mentees with language variety related discomfort. 科学交流指导干预措施使语言多样性相关不适的不同被指导者受益。
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0020
Carrie A Cameron, Hwa Young Lee, Cheryl B Anderson, Erin K Dahlstrom, Shine Chang

We studied social-psychological effects over time of a faculty-mentor workshop intervention that addressed attitudes associated with language variety and their impact on scientific communication (SC) skill development of PhD and postdoctoral STEM research trainees (N = 274). Six months after their mentors attended the workshop, all mentees had significant gains in productivity in speaking tasks. In particular, mentees with high language discomfort rated their quality of communication with their mentor and their enthusiasm about communicating more highly (p < .05 for both measures), compared to mentees with low language discomfort. In addition, mentees raised speaking nonstandardized varieties of English reported significant reductions in discomfort related to language use (p = .003), compared to mentees raised speaking standardized English. We conclude that training mentors to understand and respond to language diversity and development results in multiple beneficial outcomes for mentees, including the amelioration of language-variety related discomfort in the research environment.

我们研究了教师-导师研讨会干预措施的社会心理效应,该干预措施针对与语言多样性相关的态度及其对博士和博士后科学、技术、工程和数学研究受训人员(人数=274)科学交流(SC)技能发展的影响。导师参加工作坊六个月后,所有被指导者在口语任务中的效率都有显著提高。特别是,与语言不适感较低的学员相比,语言不适感较高的学员对与导师交流的质量和交流的热情评价更高(两项指标的 p < .05)。此外,与说标准英语的被指导者相比,说非标准英语的被指导者在语言使用方面的不适感明显减少(p = .003)。我们的结论是,对指导者进行培训,使其了解并应对语言的多样性和发展,会给被指导者带来多种有益的结果,包括改善研究环境中与语言多样性相关的不适感。
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引用次数: 0
Online health information-seeking experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown among social media users in four countries 新冠肺炎封锁期间,四个国家社交媒体用户的在线健康信息查询体验
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0016
J. Sarfo, E. Ansah, Josephine Cudjoe Sarfo, Farzana Ashraf, A. Suraya, Sadia Malik, Uzma Azam, N. Malik, S. Amoah, P. S. Donyeh
Abstract Most countries imposed lockdown restrictions on high-risk cities due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Although individuals adopted social media use during the lockdown, it is unclear how online information-seeking experiences affected their health and quality of life. We conducted an online survey among people living in cities in Ghana, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan that were affected by lockdown restrictions. Using Colaizzi’s method, we thematically analyzed 166 participants’ (males = 93, females = 73) online text responses. We observed that uncertainties about COVID-19 and the feeling of boredom predisposed participants to become victims of misinformation. Once they were misinformed, they felt anxious about COVID-19. Consequently, some overused social media to obtain additional information while others decreased or avoided its usage entirely. Our study provides insight into a recent global phenomenon. There is a need for adequate psychological support services through social media to lessen the use of unhealthy coping mechanisms.
摘要由于冠状病毒(新冠肺炎)疾病,大多数国家对高风险城市实施了封锁限制。尽管个人在封锁期间使用了社交媒体,但尚不清楚在线信息寻求体验如何影响他们的健康和生活质量。我们对生活在加纳、印度、印度尼西亚和巴基斯坦受封锁限制影响的城市的人们进行了一项在线调查。使用Colaizzi的方法,我们对166名参与者(男性=93,女性=73)的在线文本回复进行了主题分析。我们观察到,新冠肺炎的不确定性和厌倦感使参与者容易成为错误信息的受害者。一旦他们被误导,他们就会对新冠肺炎感到焦虑。因此,一些人过度使用社交媒体来获取额外信息,而另一些人则减少或完全避免使用社交媒体。我们的研究深入了解了最近的一个全球现象。需要通过社交媒体提供足够的心理支持服务,以减少使用不健康的应对机制。
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引用次数: 0
Stimulus-response binding is not a gradually learned association between specific stimuli and their responses: Evidence from a teenage bilingual population 刺激-反应结合不是特定刺激与其反应之间逐渐习得的联系:来自青少年双语人群的证据
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0014
I. K. Nkrumah
Abstract In the current study, participants made a verbal naming response to a prime target word flanked by a distractor word, followed by a lexical decision response to a probe target word or nonword, flanked by a distractor word. By tracking potential priming effects from having either the prime target become the probe target (attended repetition condition) or the prime distractor become the probe target (ignored repetition condition), consistent positive and negative priming effects were obtained. These results broaden our understanding that stimulus-response binding does not need to be gradually learned (Henson et al., 2014). Rather, it can be formed from a single S-R pairing.
摘要在当前的研究中,参与者对一个主目标词和一个干扰物词做出口头命名反应,然后对一个探测目标词或非词做出词汇决定反应,两边是干扰物。通过跟踪主要目标成为探测目标(有注意的重复条件)或主要干扰物成为探测目标的潜在启动效应(忽略重复条件),获得了一致的正启动效应和负启动效应。这些结果拓宽了我们的理解,即刺激-反应结合不需要逐渐学习(Henson等人,2014)。相反,它可以由单个S-R配对形成。
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引用次数: 0
The process and domain of intergroup communication: Mapping the field. 群体间交流的过程和领域:映射领域。
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58734/plc-2023-0010
J. Harwood, Hye-Yeong Gim
Abstract This article presents an integrative model mapping the field of intergroup communication. Building from Lasswell’s (1948) model of communication, our map discusses how communication about and between groups can be understood by separating Lasswell’s concepts (sender/receiver, message, channel, and effect). We present the articles in the current special issue as examples fitting within the map and illustrate how the map suggests some interesting extensions of this work.
摘要本文提出了一个群体间沟通领域的综合模型。从拉斯韦尔(1948)的沟通模型出发,我们的地图讨论了如何通过分离拉斯韦尔的概念(发送者/接收者、信息、渠道和效果)来理解群体内部和群体之间的沟通。我们将当前特刊中的文章作为适合地图的例子,并说明地图如何暗示了这项工作的一些有趣的扩展。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Psychology of Language and Communication
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