Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20210703.11
John Ohabuiro, Abbas Q. Mohammed, Danladi Agadi Tonga
Nigeria is a country in West African region of the world blessed with enormous potential of renewable energy resources such as wind, hydro, solar, animal waste and municipal waste. Despite the availability of these energy resources in large quantity, the country is still ranked among the countries in the world with very poor access to electricity. This paper tends to suggest an approach towards solving the problem of irregular supply of electricity in Hussaini Federal Polytechnic located in Jigawa, a state in northwestern part of Nigeria. This approach involves sectionalizing the polytechnic into two sections and integrating photovoltaic energy system to an already existing utility distribution network in each of the sections. These interconnected energy sources are to be used in charging the storage systems located within each of the sections. Electricity will be supplied to the load in a particular section from the storage system located within the section, through existing distribution network in the polytechnic. The sizing of the storage system, the inverter, the charge controller and the photovoltaic array were done by normal renewable energy system calculation. From the results obtained, each of the sections will require a set of 250kW 480V hybrid inverter, twenty thousand pieces of 250W/24V photovoltaic panels and 2,798.5kWh battery capacity.
{"title":"Integration of Renewable Energy Resources to Utility Distribution Network: A Case Study of Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure Jigawa State Nigeria","authors":"John Ohabuiro, Abbas Q. Mohammed, Danladi Agadi Tonga","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20210703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20210703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is a country in West African region of the world blessed with enormous potential of renewable energy resources such as wind, hydro, solar, animal waste and municipal waste. Despite the availability of these energy resources in large quantity, the country is still ranked among the countries in the world with very poor access to electricity. This paper tends to suggest an approach towards solving the problem of irregular supply of electricity in Hussaini Federal Polytechnic located in Jigawa, a state in northwestern part of Nigeria. This approach involves sectionalizing the polytechnic into two sections and integrating photovoltaic energy system to an already existing utility distribution network in each of the sections. These interconnected energy sources are to be used in charging the storage systems located within each of the sections. Electricity will be supplied to the load in a particular section from the storage system located within the section, through existing distribution network in the polytechnic. The sizing of the storage system, the inverter, the charge controller and the photovoltaic array were done by normal renewable energy system calculation. From the results obtained, each of the sections will require a set of 250kW 480V hybrid inverter, twenty thousand pieces of 250W/24V photovoltaic panels and 2,798.5kWh battery capacity.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210702.12
Anshebo Getachew Alemu, Teketel Alemu
The objective of the study is to provide scientific information of the solar potential of Afar region, for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy industry sectors. The afar region being exceptional solar potential with high average solar radiation flux 239.9W/m2 (105.4% of average photon energy surface area of Ethiopia), and average annual solar density of 2.102MW•h/m2 (105.5% of the average yearly solar density of Ethiopia). This finding requests the photovoltaic system as an alternative principal energy resource to substitute the present energy system in afar region. These comprehensive indication of the solar energy marketplace in Afar region, Ethiopia, key visions into its governing framework, energy sector, of photovoltaic (PV) industry segments. Therefore, the photovoltaic energy system has the best opportunity for basic energy application in the pastoral community for daily life consumption, such as solar lighting, for solar cooker, small devices and for air conditioning. These studies show that the Afar region gifted with significantly high monthly average daily solar radiation as a potential candidate for development of PV energy systems in Afar region. Therefore, the PV system has the power to run an evaporative air conditioning system effectively. These findings indicate that photovoltaic energy system as most promising energy in the Afar region.
{"title":"Solar Energy Potential and Future Prospects in Afar Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Anshebo Getachew Alemu, Teketel Alemu","doi":"10.11648/j.ajme.20210702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210702.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to provide scientific information of the solar potential of Afar region, for photovoltaic (PV) solar energy industry sectors. The afar region being exceptional solar potential with high average solar radiation flux 239.9W/m2 (105.4% of average photon energy surface area of Ethiopia), and average annual solar density of 2.102MW•h/m2 (105.5% of the average yearly solar density of Ethiopia). This finding requests the photovoltaic system as an alternative principal energy resource to substitute the present energy system in afar region. These comprehensive indication of the solar energy marketplace in Afar region, Ethiopia, key visions into its governing framework, energy sector, of photovoltaic (PV) industry segments. Therefore, the photovoltaic energy system has the best opportunity for basic energy application in the pastoral community for daily life consumption, such as solar lighting, for solar cooker, small devices and for air conditioning. These studies show that the Afar region gifted with significantly high monthly average daily solar radiation as a potential candidate for development of PV energy systems in Afar region. Therefore, the PV system has the power to run an evaporative air conditioning system effectively. These findings indicate that photovoltaic energy system as most promising energy in the Afar region.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116906975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20210701.12
Ahmad Abdurrazzaq, J. Mohammed, Bello Zubairu
The fluctuating fossil fuel price in the global energy sector and environmental destruction that comes with such fuels have paved ways for alternative fuels. Renewable hydrogen fuel is one of those alternatives which have generated massive interest in the world of renewable energy due to its unique property as a fuel-free of any pollutant. Biochemical conversion of waste materials of biomass origin to hydrogen is a sustainable technique for hydrogen production. Glycerol, a waste obtained during biodiesel manufacturing process has been found to be a suitable feedstock for hydrogen production using PF processes. The present work reviewed literature related to the PF process of glycerol to hydrogen. In the process, a methodical comparative study of recently available research reports on renewable hydrogen production as fuel from glycerol through PF was employed. The review emphasizes the challenges bedeviling PF of hydrogen from glycerol and suggested solutions to that effect with future recommendations on potential research areas needed to be undertaken to improve the process.
{"title":"Renewable Hydrogen Fuel from Photofermentation of Glycerol: Enhanced Reviews","authors":"Ahmad Abdurrazzaq, J. Mohammed, Bello Zubairu","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20210701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20210701.12","url":null,"abstract":"The fluctuating fossil fuel price in the global energy sector and environmental destruction that comes with such fuels have paved ways for alternative fuels. Renewable hydrogen fuel is one of those alternatives which have generated massive interest in the world of renewable energy due to its unique property as a fuel-free of any pollutant. Biochemical conversion of waste materials of biomass origin to hydrogen is a sustainable technique for hydrogen production. Glycerol, a waste obtained during biodiesel manufacturing process has been found to be a suitable feedstock for hydrogen production using PF processes. The present work reviewed literature related to the PF process of glycerol to hydrogen. In the process, a methodical comparative study of recently available research reports on renewable hydrogen production as fuel from glycerol through PF was employed. The review emphasizes the challenges bedeviling PF of hydrogen from glycerol and suggested solutions to that effect with future recommendations on potential research areas needed to be undertaken to improve the process.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124000091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy influences the livelihood of human beings in different aspects like food security, agricultural production, health care system, education, employment and sustainability of the environment. Ethiopia faces big challenge in both supply and access to energy in which majority of its rural population live without access to energy. Production of bioenergy is a good opportunity to get access to modern energy in developing countries like Ethiopia where traditional biomass energy is the dominant source of energy. In addition to creation of employment and being source of energy, bioenergy production has multiple advantages in agriculture and food security sector since the bio-slurry is used as organic fertilizer. The study shows that bioenergy production increased the income and thereby increased access to food for the rural households in Ethiopia. This resulted in food security as both quantity and quality of food increases along with the expansion of bioenergy production in the rural community. The result also shows that the increase in household income was from savings resulted in less purchase of other energy sources (kerosene, charcoal, firewood, etc.), increase in agricultural productivity using bio-slurry, and increase in employment in bioenergy sector. Having production potential, it needs to expand bioenergy production to ensure energy and food security in the rural population.
{"title":"Contribution of Bioenergy Production to Household Income and Food Supply in Ethiopia","authors":"Hundessa Adugna Yadeta, Gemechu Kaba Sori, Alemtsehaye Eyasu Ferede","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20210701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20210701.11","url":null,"abstract":"Energy influences the livelihood of human beings in different aspects like food security, agricultural production, health care system, education, employment and sustainability of the environment. Ethiopia faces big challenge in both supply and access to energy in which majority of its rural population live without access to energy. Production of bioenergy is a good opportunity to get access to modern energy in developing countries like Ethiopia where traditional biomass energy is the dominant source of energy. In addition to creation of employment and being source of energy, bioenergy production has multiple advantages in agriculture and food security sector since the bio-slurry is used as organic fertilizer. The study shows that bioenergy production increased the income and thereby increased access to food for the rural households in Ethiopia. This resulted in food security as both quantity and quality of food increases along with the expansion of bioenergy production in the rural community. The result also shows that the increase in household income was from savings resulted in less purchase of other energy sources (kerosene, charcoal, firewood, etc.), increase in agricultural productivity using bio-slurry, and increase in employment in bioenergy sector. Having production potential, it needs to expand bioenergy production to ensure energy and food security in the rural population.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129754874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20200606.12
Jegedeesh Kumar Rajagopal, V. Thangavel
The Energy management in Micro-Grid system is one of the most irrefutable issues in micro grid technology development. The Micro grid energy system consists on non-conventional resources, unit with storage energy and islanded or grid connected mode of operating loads. This tabloid presents a Micro-Grid energy management system for distributed generation connected MG with hybrid energy storage system. Hybrid energy storage system is achieved by combining the Ultra-capacitor and battery storage. The proposed energy management system in micro grid with hybrid energy storage system follows the two techniques, such as forecasting and optimization. Prediction of solar irradiance, load demand and temperature are coming under the Forecasting technique. For the economical operation in a grid connected micro grid the optimal day-ahead scheduling of power generation and load demand is performed by the optimization technique. The MG will absorb or deliver the prespecified amount of power. In this method MG connected to the power grid in large numbers are integrated. The main intension of the energy management system is power balancing in the micro grid. The MATLAB/Simulink environment has been used to analyzing the effect of Energy management in micro-gird with hybrid energy storage system. The simulation results will show the effective and stoutness of the proposed energy management method.
{"title":"Analysis of Energy Management in Micro-grid with Distributed Generation System","authors":"Jegedeesh Kumar Rajagopal, V. Thangavel","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20200606.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20200606.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Energy management in Micro-Grid system is one of the most irrefutable issues in micro grid technology development. The Micro grid energy system consists on non-conventional resources, unit with storage energy and islanded or grid connected mode of operating loads. This tabloid presents a Micro-Grid energy management system for distributed generation connected MG with hybrid energy storage system. Hybrid energy storage system is achieved by combining the Ultra-capacitor and battery storage. The proposed energy management system in micro grid with hybrid energy storage system follows the two techniques, such as forecasting and optimization. Prediction of solar irradiance, load demand and temperature are coming under the Forecasting technique. For the economical operation in a grid connected micro grid the optimal day-ahead scheduling of power generation and load demand is performed by the optimization technique. The MG will absorb or deliver the prespecified amount of power. In this method MG connected to the power grid in large numbers are integrated. The main intension of the energy management system is power balancing in the micro grid. The MATLAB/Simulink environment has been used to analyzing the effect of Energy management in micro-gird with hybrid energy storage system. The simulation results will show the effective and stoutness of the proposed energy management method.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129525102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200604.11
Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed Dawod, N. A. Muslet, A. Taher
Protecting the environment from all types of pollution is a key issue, especially air pollution in particular, because of that, the ecosystem as a whole is under threat. Sudan is one of the vast African countries, covering an area of about one million square miles, and suffering from air pollution. One of the causes of this pollution is the large number of cars and factories that use gasoline. Car exhausts and factory nozzles emit kinds of gases such as carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur and other gases that contribute to air pollution. Due to the large volume of use of gasoline in cars and factories, the low quality of purification and treatment leads to the production of gases that are extremely harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and determine the components of benzene used in Sudan. The technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used to characterize the benzene samples taken from different regions, and the results showed that they contain carbon and hydrogen that are the main component of benzene, in addition many elements harmful to the environment such as (Pb, Hg and Zn), which can cause cancer diseases, and can also cause great harms to animals, plants and soil.
{"title":"Characterization of Benzene Samples Taken from Different Areas in Sudan Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)","authors":"Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed Dawod, N. A. Muslet, A. Taher","doi":"10.11648/j.ajme.20200604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200604.11","url":null,"abstract":"Protecting the environment from all types of pollution is a key issue, especially air pollution in particular, because of that, the ecosystem as a whole is under threat. Sudan is one of the vast African countries, covering an area of about one million square miles, and suffering from air pollution. One of the causes of this pollution is the large number of cars and factories that use gasoline. Car exhausts and factory nozzles emit kinds of gases such as carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur and other gases that contribute to air pollution. Due to the large volume of use of gasoline in cars and factories, the low quality of purification and treatment leads to the production of gases that are extremely harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and determine the components of benzene used in Sudan. The technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used to characterize the benzene samples taken from different regions, and the results showed that they contain carbon and hydrogen that are the main component of benzene, in addition many elements harmful to the environment such as (Pb, Hg and Zn), which can cause cancer diseases, and can also cause great harms to animals, plants and soil.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128012780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190506.11
Tesfaye Hailu Estifanos, Bogale Gebremariam
Impacts of land use/cover change on water resources are the result of complex interactions between diverse site-specific factors and offsite conditions; standardized types of responses will rarely be adequate. The knowledge of how land use/cover change influence watershed hydrology will enable local governments and policy makers to formulate and implement effective and appropriate response strategies to minimize the undesirable effects of future land use/cover change or modifications. In this research SWAT model was used for analyzing the land use and land cover change of the watershed and its impact on reservoir sedimentation. The main objective of the research was to model the hydrological processes that will predict the impact of land use/cover changes on soil erosion and sedimentation in the Omo-gibe basin. In this paper the influence of land use changes on catchment’s sediment yield is observed. The delineated watershed was divided into 62 sub basins and 372 HRUs by the model. Model calibration and validation was done at Abelti station. In addition to this the model efficiency was checked at this station. Based on this values for coefficient of determination (r²), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and percentage of bias (PBIAS) were found to be in the acceptable range for 1990 and 2010 land use land cover maps in both calibration and validation period. To analyze the impact of land use change on sediment yield different comparison criteria were applied. The first was selecting sub basins having higher sediment yield and found around the main course of the river. The second was selecting and analyzing sub basins having lower sediment yield and the third criterion was based on availability of varied land use classes specially sub basins covered by forest land. While analyzing the impact of land use/cover in all criteria using 1990 and 2010 land use/cover map, it shows an increase in sediment yield. SWAT estimated the sediment yield from the watershed to the reservoir for both 1990 and 2010 land use/cover maps. Therefore 1.1 M tons annual sediment load was entered to the reservoir during 1990 and 1.3 M tons annual sediment load was entered to the reservoir during 2010 land use/cover data. This shows that there is 16.57% increment of sediment yield in 2010 as compared to 1990 land use/cover data.
土地利用/覆被变化对水资源的影响是不同场址特定因素和场外条件复杂相互作用的结果;标准化类型的反应很少是足够的。了解土地利用/覆盖变化如何影响流域水文将使地方政府和决策者能够制定和执行有效和适当的应对战略，以尽量减少未来土地利用/覆盖变化或修改的不良影响。本研究采用SWAT模型分析了流域土地利用和土地覆被变化及其对水库沉积的影响。这项研究的主要目的是模拟水文过程，以预测Omo-gibe流域土地利用/覆盖变化对土壤侵蚀和沉积的影响。本文研究了土地利用变化对流域产沙量的影响。该模型将流域划分为62个子流域和372个hru。模型标定和验证在Abelti站完成。除此之外，还在该站对模型效率进行了检查。基于该决定系数(r²)的值，发现Nash-Sutcliffe模型效率(NSE)和偏差百分比(PBIAS)在1990年和2010年土地利用土地覆盖图的校准和验证期内都在可接受的范围内。为了分析土地利用变化对产沙量的影响，采用了不同的比较标准。第一步是选择主要河道周围产沙量较大的子流域。第二个标准是选择和分析产沙量较低的子流域，第三个标准是根据各种土地利用类别的可用性，特别是森林覆盖的子流域。利用1990年和2010年的土地利用/覆被图对各指标进行影响分析时，显示出产沙量的增加。SWAT在1990年和2010年的土地利用/覆被图中估算了从流域到水库的产沙量。因此，1990年的年输沙量为1.1 M t, 2010年土地利用/覆被数据的年输沙量为1.3 M t。与1990年的土地利用/覆被数据相比，2010年的产沙量增加了16.57%。
{"title":"Modeling-impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Sediment Yield (Case Study on Omo-gibe Basin, Gilgel Gibe III Watershed, Ethiopia)","authors":"Tesfaye Hailu Estifanos, Bogale Gebremariam","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20190506.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20190506.11","url":null,"abstract":"Impacts of land use/cover change on water resources are the result of complex interactions between diverse site-specific factors and offsite conditions; standardized types of responses will rarely be adequate. The knowledge of how land use/cover change influence watershed hydrology will enable local governments and policy makers to formulate and implement effective and appropriate response strategies to minimize the undesirable effects of future land use/cover change or modifications. In this research SWAT model was used for analyzing the land use and land cover change of the watershed and its impact on reservoir sedimentation. The main objective of the research was to model the hydrological processes that will predict the impact of land use/cover changes on soil erosion and sedimentation in the Omo-gibe basin. In this paper the influence of land use changes on catchment’s sediment yield is observed. The delineated watershed was divided into 62 sub basins and 372 HRUs by the model. Model calibration and validation was done at Abelti station. In addition to this the model efficiency was checked at this station. Based on this values for coefficient of determination (r²), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and percentage of bias (PBIAS) were found to be in the acceptable range for 1990 and 2010 land use land cover maps in both calibration and validation period. To analyze the impact of land use change on sediment yield different comparison criteria were applied. The first was selecting sub basins having higher sediment yield and found around the main course of the river. The second was selecting and analyzing sub basins having lower sediment yield and the third criterion was based on availability of varied land use classes specially sub basins covered by forest land. While analyzing the impact of land use/cover in all criteria using 1990 and 2010 land use/cover map, it shows an increase in sediment yield. SWAT estimated the sediment yield from the watershed to the reservoir for both 1990 and 2010 land use/cover maps. Therefore 1.1 M tons annual sediment load was entered to the reservoir during 1990 and 1.3 M tons annual sediment load was entered to the reservoir during 2010 land use/cover data. This shows that there is 16.57% increment of sediment yield in 2010 as compared to 1990 land use/cover data.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130104538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190505.11
G. Ofualagba, O. Ejofodomi
Nigeria currently generates approximately 81,122 MWH (or 3,380 MWH/H) of electricity for national consumption, which is far less than the daily electricity demand of the country, leading to a need for allotted power distribution within the country. A power optimization software owned and patented by RACETT NIGERIA LTD. was used to perform automated distribution of electricity from the National Grid for October 1, 2019. The software automatically calculated and deducted the power transmission loss in transporting the electricity from the generating stations to the distribution companies by the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). The total power available for distribution was automatically shared to 11 distribution companies based on the established electricity grid percentage allocation. After deducting the distribution losses for each distribution companies, the remaining electricity was distributed among constituent states, and the hours of electricity supplied to each state selected, with priority given to the peak demand period of 8:00 p.m. -11: 00 p.m. The distribution results show that Nigeria is currently able to provide 4 hours of electricity across the nation from 8:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. Eight (8) states received electricity for only 4 hours of the day, while some states like Lagos State received as much as 24 hours. The percentage grid allocation to the distribution companies needs to be revised to improve even distribution of electricity across the nation, and transmission and distribution losses need to be drastically reduced. Further analysis revealed that Nigeria presently needs to generate 240,000 MWH (or 19, 583 MWH/H) of electricity in order to provide 24 hours of electricity to every state across the nation. Future work includes power generation analysis to investigate the effect of new generating stations on each electricity distribution region in Nigeria.
{"title":"Analysis and Optimization of Automated Power Distribution Within Nigeria","authors":"G. Ofualagba, O. Ejofodomi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20190505.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20190505.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria currently generates approximately 81,122 MWH (or 3,380 MWH/H) of electricity for national consumption, which is far less than the daily electricity demand of the country, leading to a need for allotted power distribution within the country. A power optimization software owned and patented by RACETT NIGERIA LTD. was used to perform automated distribution of electricity from the National Grid for October 1, 2019. The software automatically calculated and deducted the power transmission loss in transporting the electricity from the generating stations to the distribution companies by the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). The total power available for distribution was automatically shared to 11 distribution companies based on the established electricity grid percentage allocation. After deducting the distribution losses for each distribution companies, the remaining electricity was distributed among constituent states, and the hours of electricity supplied to each state selected, with priority given to the peak demand period of 8:00 p.m. -11: 00 p.m. The distribution results show that Nigeria is currently able to provide 4 hours of electricity across the nation from 8:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. Eight (8) states received electricity for only 4 hours of the day, while some states like Lagos State received as much as 24 hours. The percentage grid allocation to the distribution companies needs to be revised to improve even distribution of electricity across the nation, and transmission and distribution losses need to be drastically reduced. Further analysis revealed that Nigeria presently needs to generate 240,000 MWH (or 19, 583 MWH/H) of electricity in order to provide 24 hours of electricity to every state across the nation. Future work includes power generation analysis to investigate the effect of new generating stations on each electricity distribution region in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"63 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126056273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial growth and division are fundamental processes relevant to many areas of life science, of particular interest are homeostasis mechanisms, which buffer growth and division from accumulating fluctuations over multiple cycles. These mechanisms operate within single cells, possibly extending over several division cycles. Experimental studies to date have relied on measurements pooled from many distinct cells. The microbial population analysis was carried out through microbial plate count. By analyzing correlations along up to hundreds of generations, we find that the parameter describing effective cell size homeostasis strength varies significantly among cells. The mixed cultured of Bacillus licheniformis and Alcaligenes eutrophus bacterial were capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles in biomass every 2.302 days in Benzene, 2.180 days in Xylene and 2.032 days in Ethylene substrate. Bacillus licheniformis was capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles in biomass every 2.3255 days in Benzene and Ethylene while 2.207 days in Xylene. Alcaligenes eutrophus was capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles every 2.7305 days in Benzene, 2.398days in xylene and 2.3623 days in ethylene substrate. There was higher competition between consortium of two species than single species of the bacterial organism, the consortium of two species will also enhance the degradation of benzene in aromatic compounds contaminated soil. The Bacillus licheniformis and Alcaligenes eutrophus bacteria can be use for bioremediation of aromatic compounds contaminated soil such as benzene and xylene.
{"title":"Dynamics Growth of Bacillus Licheniformis & Alcaligeneseutrophus Bacterial in Gasoline Contaminated Soil, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Omotere Igbahan Odola, Motunrayo Nofiat Odola, C. Owabor, Blessed Akhere Omashavire","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20190504.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20190504.11","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial growth and division are fundamental processes relevant to many areas of life science, of particular interest are homeostasis mechanisms, which buffer growth and division from accumulating fluctuations over multiple cycles. These mechanisms operate within single cells, possibly extending over several division cycles. Experimental studies to date have relied on measurements pooled from many distinct cells. The microbial population analysis was carried out through microbial plate count. By analyzing correlations along up to hundreds of generations, we find that the parameter describing effective cell size homeostasis strength varies significantly among cells. The mixed cultured of Bacillus licheniformis and Alcaligenes eutrophus bacterial were capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles in biomass every 2.302 days in Benzene, 2.180 days in Xylene and 2.032 days in Ethylene substrate. Bacillus licheniformis was capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles in biomass every 2.3255 days in Benzene and Ethylene while 2.207 days in Xylene. Alcaligenes eutrophus was capable of growing at a rate such that the culture doubles every 2.7305 days in Benzene, 2.398days in xylene and 2.3623 days in ethylene substrate. There was higher competition between consortium of two species than single species of the bacterial organism, the consortium of two species will also enhance the degradation of benzene in aromatic compounds contaminated soil. The Bacillus licheniformis and Alcaligenes eutrophus bacteria can be use for bioremediation of aromatic compounds contaminated soil such as benzene and xylene.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129870249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-14DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190503.12
Chen Min
The modules mismatch loss and strings mismatch loss in PV module is theoretically and universally recognized in the PV industry [1]. But for specific projects, how to calculate these losses as well as how to reduce the impact of these losses through external rational wiring was rarely studied. In this paper, the engineering calculation method will be summed up and the relevant formulae suitable for engineering calculation or equipment configuration principles such as cables can finally be obtained by constructing the DC side equivalent circuit model of the photovoltaic power station, and also calculating of modules and strings mismatch loss data based on circuit analysis, which can in turn provide the essential theoretical basis for the accurate efficiency calculation of the photovoltaic power plant system and provide certain theoretical support for engineering drawing optimization design as well.
{"title":"Analysis About Modules and Strings Mismatch Loss in the Photovoltaic Plant","authors":"Chen Min","doi":"10.11648/J.AJME.20190503.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJME.20190503.12","url":null,"abstract":"The modules mismatch loss and strings mismatch loss in PV module is theoretically and universally recognized in the PV industry [1]. But for specific projects, how to calculate these losses as well as how to reduce the impact of these losses through external rational wiring was rarely studied. In this paper, the engineering calculation method will be summed up and the relevant formulae suitable for engineering calculation or equipment configuration principles such as cables can finally be obtained by constructing the DC side equivalent circuit model of the photovoltaic power station, and also calculating of modules and strings mismatch loss data based on circuit analysis, which can in turn provide the essential theoretical basis for the accurate efficiency calculation of the photovoltaic power plant system and provide certain theoretical support for engineering drawing optimization design as well.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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