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A Review of Solar Energy Prospects in Palestine 巴勒斯坦太阳能前景综述
Pub Date : 2019-07-08 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190503.11
Eman Ajlouni, H. Alsamamra
Energy is the main player in the community’s development in several aspects. Palestine is an occupied developing country which has a complicated energy sector. Renewable Energy (RE) resources are considered the optimal practical solution to mitigate or resolve the energy crisis in Palestine. Most of Palestine receives solar radiation about 3000 hours annually, and the average solar radiation values range from 5.4 kWh/m2.day to 6.0 kWh/m2.day. These results of solar radiation, in addition to the absence of political restrictions on the use of solar energy technology, make solar energy the most viable and feasible choice among other renewable sources. This work objective is to introduce a comprehensive review of the solar energy prospects in Palestine, its geographical data, applications, legislative, and economic potential in contrast to established projects and modules. This review is based on introducing analyzed information about solar energy characteristics in Palestine, Applied solar systems and technology, the policies and legislation, and a recap of strengths, drawbacks, and recommendations. Results showed that best locations for PV solar energy exploitation are Gaza and south West Bank, and worst is Jericho, which leads to resolve many developmental issues in both rural and urban areas.
能源在几个方面都是社区发展的主要参与者。巴勒斯坦是一个被占领的发展中国家,其能源部门十分复杂。可再生能源资源被认为是缓解或解决巴勒斯坦能源危机的最佳实际解决方案。巴勒斯坦大部分地区每年接受太阳辐射约3000小时,平均太阳辐射值在5.4 kWh/m2之间。至6.0 kWh/m2.day。太阳辐射的这些结果,加上对使用太阳能技术没有政治上的限制,使太阳能成为其他可再生能源中最可行和最可行的选择。这项工作目标是全面审查巴勒斯坦的太阳能前景、其地理数据、应用、立法和经济潜力,并与已建立的项目和模块进行比较。本文介绍了巴勒斯坦的太阳能特点、应用太阳能系统和技术、政策和立法等方面的分析资料,并对巴勒斯坦的优势、不足和建议进行了概述。结果表明,光伏太阳能开发的最佳地点是加沙和西南西岸,最差地点是杰里科,从而解决了农村和城市地区的许多发展问题。
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引用次数: 9
Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in Central River Region of the Gambia, West Africa from 1984 to 2017 1984 - 2017年西非冈比亚中部河流地区土地利用和土地覆盖动态
Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190502.11
Omar Ali Bah, T. Koné, Sidat Yaffa, M. Ndiaye
This study is focused on land use and land cover dynamics observed in Central River Region. It aims to determine the direction and rate of change in land use as a means of assessing the impact of climate change in Central River Region (CRR) of The Gambia. Decadal satellite images were used to measure changes in land use and land cover from 1984 to 2017 using supervised classification. Eight land use and land cover types were identified and mapped in this study namely: Crop lands, Gambia River, Halophytic vegetation, Irrigated crops, Mangrove, Settlement, Shrub/Wood savanna and Wooded savanna. The areas of crop lands, halophytic vegetation and settlement expanded between 1984 and 2017. River Gambia, irrigated crops, mangrove, shrub/wood savanna and wooded savanna areas decreased during the same period. Transition to less savanna was higher than transition to more settlement. In addition, physicochemical parameters were analyzed during the rainy and dry seasons for correlation with climate data. Socioeconomic surveys based on structured questionnaires were also conducted with 70 households in 6 villages in CRR. Land clearing for agriculture, tree cutting for firewood and charcoal, settlement and livestock grazing were mainly cited by the respondents as the main culprit inducing land cover change in CRR. This study shows that deforestation and forest degradation are still in progress despite the implementation of a management plan for a full rotation. We therefore proposed best management practices in order to control the agricultural clearing of land in the region such as agricultural intensification and soil fertility improvement.
本研究以中部河流区土地利用和土地覆盖动态为研究对象。它的目的是确定土地利用变化的方向和速度,作为评估冈比亚中部河流地区(CRR)气候变化影响的一种手段。采用监督分类方法,利用年代际卫星图像测量1984 - 2017年土地利用和土地覆盖的变化。本研究确定并绘制了8种土地利用和土地覆盖类型:作物地、冈比亚河、盐生植被、灌溉作物、红树林、聚落、灌木/森林稀树草原和树木繁茂的稀树草原。1984年至2017年间,农田、盐生植被和聚落面积均有所扩大。同期冈比亚河、灌溉作物、红树林、灌木/树木稀树草原和树木繁茂的稀树草原面积减少。向稀树草原较少过渡的比例高于向聚落较多过渡的比例。此外,还分析了雨季和旱季的理化参数与气候数据的相关性。基于结构化问卷的社会经济调查还对该区6个村的70户家庭进行了调查。调查对象认为,农业土地开垦、柴火和木炭采伐、定居和放牧是导致CRR土地覆盖变化的主要原因。这项研究表明,尽管实施了全面轮作的管理计划,毁林和森林退化仍在继续。因此,我们提出了控制该地区农业清理土地的最佳管理措施,如农业集约化和土壤肥力改善。
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引用次数: 11
Modified Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLOCE and Modified Levelized Avoidable Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLACE and Decision Making 修正的电力或能源平准化成本,MLOCE和修正的电力或能源平准化可避免成本,MLACE和决策
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJME.20190501.11
H. M. Çekirge, S. Erturan
LCOE is the Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy, which is an economic measure of the minimum price at which energy can be produced over the lifetime of the power plant. This value determines the minimum value at which energy could be sold during the lifetime of the installation, and this value is considered as the net present value of unit cost electricity. It is estimated dividing the net present value of the total expenditure by the total production. The LACE is the Levelized Avoided Cost of Electricity or Energy which is a measure of income for the unit value of electricity. Of course, the value of LCOE should be less than the LACE for considering the project, these metrics are necessary but not sufficient to start the project. For overcoming these difficulties, in this paper MLCOE (Modified Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy) and MLACE (Modified Avoided Cost of Electricity or Energy) are introduced to the calculations for considering dominant factors of construction of a plant and these are the actual estimations of CAPEX (Capital Expenses) and OPEX (Operation Expenses) through the payback period. The methodology presented in this paper will be an important supporting tool for power plant investments of go - or - not go decision.
LCOE是电力或能源的平准化成本,这是发电厂在整个生命周期内可以生产能源的最低价格的经济指标。这个值决定了在装置的生命周期内可以出售的能量的最小值,这个值被认为是单位成本电力的净现值。它是用总支出的净现值除以总产值来估计的。LACE是电力或能源的平准化避免成本,是单位电力价值的收入衡量标准。当然,考虑项目时LCOE的值应该小于LACE,这些指标是必要的,但不足以启动项目。为了克服这些困难,本文将修正平准化电力或能源成本MLCOE (Modified Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy)和修正避免电力或能源成本MLACE (Modified avoid Cost of Electricity or Energy)引入到考虑电厂建设的主导因素的计算中,即在整个投资回收期内对资本支出(CAPEX)和运营支出(OPEX)的实际估计。本文提出的方法将为电厂投资决策提供重要的支持工具。
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引用次数: 8
Introduction to Energy Efficiency Through Bioclimatic Design: Case Studies, Quantitative Verifications and Regulatory Management 介绍能源效率通过生物气候设计:案例研究,定量验证和监管管理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210705.12
Maria Jose Panvini, Romina Saldi
: Optional Curriculum Subject "Introduction to energy efficiency for housing" seeks to internalize in students the need to conceive project idea through an integral thought that contemplates design guidelines with passive architecture criteria and link theoretical topics taught in different subjects of Architecture career in relation to energy efficiency to be applied in the project practice in a concrete way. It is essential to introduce the importance of using natural and climatic resources responsibly, these being crucial for people, society and environment. Investigating a series of project resources allows mitigating and reducing environmental impact generated by a building as a contribution to climate change. Digital tools and calculation methods will allow verification of the correct location of construction on site, study orientations, solar radiation, prevailing winds and efficient envelope design preferably materialized with materials from the region. The knowledge of site and climate and correct control and management of energy and materials, are aspects that make the project sustainable, therefore, they are taken into account in the teaching of the subject as a starting point in the student's task as a future professional of architecture. The proposed practical exercise must comply certain items that are partially and methodologically resolved as the theory is taught. We work on three types of single-family homes on ground floor implanted in a bioclimatic area of your choice. Students must analyze them according to climatic principles and strategies to determine which typology is best adapted according to the passive design criteria and recommendations for said area. This implies verifying dimensional and energy indicators and building thermal quality of buildings. Through modality of integration seminar that consists of a graphic and quantitative synthesis, debate and exchange of ideas and final reflections are carried out. The objectives indicated from the teaching-learning were successfully achieved, with the theoretical topics applied correctly. Use of digital tools, thermographic images and 3D modeling was evidenced.
:可选课程科目“住房能源效率导论”旨在让学生通过整体思维来构思项目理念,将设计准则与被动式建筑标准结合起来,并将建筑职业不同学科中与能源效率相关的理论主题联系起来,以具体的方式应用于项目实践。必须介绍负责任地利用自然和气候资源的重要性,这些资源对人类、社会和环境至关重要。调查一系列项目资源可以减轻和减少建筑对气候变化产生的环境影响。数字工具和计算方法将允许验证建筑在现场的正确位置、研究方向、太阳辐射、盛行风和有效的围护结构设计,最好使用来自该地区的材料。场地和气候的知识,以及对能源和材料的正确控制和管理,都是使项目可持续发展的方面,因此,在课程教学中,它们被考虑为学生作为未来建筑专业人员任务的起点。建议的实践练习必须符合某些项目,这些项目在讲授理论时已经部分和方法上得到了解决。我们设计了三种类型的单户住宅,在一楼植入你选择的生物气候区域。学生必须根据气候原则和策略对其进行分析,以根据被动式设计标准和建议确定哪种类型最适合该地区。这意味着验证建筑的尺寸和能源指标以及建筑热质量。通过图形和数量综合的综合研讨会形式,进行辩论和思想交流,并进行最后的反思。在正确运用理论课题的前提下,成功地实现了教学目标。数字工具、热成像图像和3D建模的使用得到了证明。
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引用次数: 0
Okhotsk Sea Renewable Energy Options for Japan’s Energy Import Diversification 日本能源进口多元化的鄂霍次克海可再生能源选择
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20220801.11
M. Berezkin, O. Sinyugin
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of a Hybrid Power Generation System (A Case Study of Oke Eda, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria) 混合发电系统的仿真(以尼日利亚Ondo州Akure的Oke Eda为例)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20190502.14
Babalola Abayomi Danlami
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Household Lighting Fuel Choice in Rwanda: Multinomial Logit Model 卢旺达家庭照明燃料选择分析:多项Logit模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210704.14
Niyonshuti Emmanuel
: The overdependence on using traditional fuels for lighting purposes is closely associated to indoor air pollution, environmental humiliation and high opportunity cost for women and children and consequently affect household well-being, the social economic welfare of deprived population in developing nations to be improved there should consider the adoption and usage of modern lighting services as very important . This paper identifies the determining control factors that influence the fuel energy choice for lighting purposes in Rwanda by applying the Multinomial logit regression to the national representative survey at household level data. The study revealed that the households with higher income are adopting to use the cleaner and modern fuel energy source, confirming the hypothesis for energy ladder. Not only household income exerting impact on the fuel energy choice for lighting, the other fuel choices significant determining variables in Rwanda are: number of the rooms occupied by household, type of dwelling for household, age of the household head, whether the household head has formal education level, the household size, type of the habitant for the household and the location of the household. This paper suggests deployment and utilization of solar potentiality for supplying the cleaner and modern fuel energy for lighting purposes in the remote area of Rwanda.
:过度依赖使用传统燃料的照明目的与室内空气污染,环境羞辱和妇女和儿童的高机会成本密切相关,从而影响家庭福祉,发展中国家贫困人口的社会经济福利要得到改善,应该考虑采用和使用现代照明服务非常重要。本文通过将多项logit回归应用于家庭层面的全国代表性调查数据,确定了影响卢旺达照明目的燃料能源选择的决定性控制因素。研究表明,收入较高的家庭正在采用更清洁、更现代的燃料能源,这证实了能源阶梯假说。不仅家庭收入对照明燃料能源的选择产生影响,卢旺达其他燃料选择的重要决定变量还包括:家庭占用的房间数、家庭住宅类型、户主年龄、户主是否受过正规教育、家庭规模、家庭居民类型和家庭所在地。本文建议在卢旺达偏远地区部署和利用太阳能潜力,为照明目的提供更清洁和现代的燃料能源。
{"title":"Analysis of Household Lighting Fuel Choice in Rwanda: Multinomial Logit Model","authors":"Niyonshuti Emmanuel","doi":"10.11648/j.ajme.20210704.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20210704.14","url":null,"abstract":": The overdependence on using traditional fuels for lighting purposes is closely associated to indoor air pollution, environmental humiliation and high opportunity cost for women and children and consequently affect household well-being, the social economic welfare of deprived population in developing nations to be improved there should consider the adoption and usage of modern lighting services as very important . This paper identifies the determining control factors that influence the fuel energy choice for lighting purposes in Rwanda by applying the Multinomial logit regression to the national representative survey at household level data. The study revealed that the households with higher income are adopting to use the cleaner and modern fuel energy source, confirming the hypothesis for energy ladder. Not only household income exerting impact on the fuel energy choice for lighting, the other fuel choices significant determining variables in Rwanda are: number of the rooms occupied by household, type of dwelling for household, age of the household head, whether the household head has formal education level, the household size, type of the habitant for the household and the location of the household. This paper suggests deployment and utilization of solar potentiality for supplying the cleaner and modern fuel energy for lighting purposes in the remote area of Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":208155,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Energy","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121115736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Simplified Calibration of Liquid Hold-Up and Film Thickness in Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipe 水平管内环空流动中液持率和膜厚的简化校准
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210703.12
Osokogwu Uche
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引用次数: 0
Selection of Rainwater Harvesting Sites by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Dawa Sub Basin Southern Ethiopia 基于遥感和GIS技术的雨水收集点选择——以埃塞俄比亚南部达瓦盆地为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200604.12
Getachew Haile Wondimu
Water is one of the vital requirements for life, economic and social development. Water scarcity affects the environmental, economic and developmental activities of an area. The rainfall in the sub-basins is often very local, erratic, unreliable and unevenly distributed over the whole area of Dawa sub-basin. The pastoral and agro-pastoral communities are usually vulnerable to drought. The present study was an attempt to describe the state of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) techniques and the contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for this RWH in the Dawa Sub basin. The study was conducted using physiographic factors of Dawa sub basin. Landsat image with spatial resolution 30m were used to identify LU/LC types. The thematic layers used were land use/land cover, slope, soil, drainage and runoff from derived from Landsat and collateral data. The image processing software Erdas IMAGINE and GIS software were used to process the image and to establish a geo information system by comprising digital data set of satellite image, topography, soil, metrology, drainage density and metrology. This data was used to study RWH was used to study the watershed network in the Dawa sub basin and to identify areas generally suitable for water harvesting in order to determine water harvesting techniques for those sites. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate weighting and the analysis result indicates that the sub-basin supports promising opportunity for the establishment and development of RWH structures. From the total area of 17,402.7 km 2 , The GIS evaluation predicts that 3,092.342 km 2 (22.853%) is extremely suitable, 4,524.221 km 2 (33.435%) is very suitable, 2,968.685 km 2 (21.939%) is suitable, 1,988.986 km 2 (14.7%) is less Suitable and 957.18 km 2 (7.07%) is not suitable for RWH. Keywords: GIS, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), Remote Sensing (RS), Dawa Sub Basin DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-9-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
水是生活、经济和社会发展的重要需求之一。缺水会影响一个地区的环境、经济和发展活动。大洼子盆地的降水往往是局部性的、不稳定的、不可靠的,在整个地区分布不均匀。牧区和农牧社区通常容易受到干旱的影响。本研究试图描述达瓦子盆地雨水收集技术的现状以及遥感和GIS技术对雨水收集技术的贡献。利用大洼次盆地的地理因素进行研究。利用30m空间分辨率的Landsat图像识别LU/LC类型。使用的主题层是土地利用/土地覆盖、坡度、土壤、排水和径流,这些数据来自Landsat和附属数据。利用影像处理软件Erdas IMAGINE和GIS软件对影像进行处理,建立了由卫星影像、地形、土壤、计量、排水密度、计量等数字数据集组成的地理信息系统。该数据用于研究RWH,用于研究Dawa子流域的流域网络,并确定一般适合集水的地区,以便确定这些地点的集水技术。采用层次分析法(AHP)进行权重计算,分析结果表明该次盆地为RWH构造的建立和发展提供了良好的机会。在17402.7 km²的总面积中,GIS评价预测:3092.342 km²(22.853%)极适宜、4524.221 km²(33.435%)极适宜、2986.685 km²(21.939%)适宜、1988.986 km²(14.7%)不适宜、957.18 km²(7.07%)不适宜。关键词:GIS,雨水收集,遥感,达瓦子流域DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-9-03出版日期:2020年9月30日
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引用次数: 5
Biogas Production from Mixture of Fruit Peels Co-Digestion with Cattle Manure Under Anaerobic Condition 厌氧条件下果皮与牛粪混溶产沼气研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajme.20210706.11
Desta Lamore Erebo
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引用次数: 0
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American Journal of Modern Energy
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