Progress In Electromagnetics Research B最新文献

英文中文

A Hermite-interpolation discretization and a uniform path deformation for the spatial spectral domain integral equation method in multilayered media for TE polarization 多层介质中TE偏振空间谱域积分方程法的hermite插值离散化和均匀路径变形

Q3 Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

Pub Date : 2018-03-17 DOI: 10.2528/PIERB17112104

Rj Roeland Dilz, M. C. Beurden

Two alternative approaches to the spatial spectral integral equation method are proposed. The first enhancement comprises a Hermite interpolation as the set of basis functions instead of the Gabor frame. The continuity, differentiability, equidistant spacing, and small support of these basis functions allows for an efficient and accurate numerical implementation. The second approach encompasses a method to transform between the spatial domain and the deformed path in the complexplane spectral domain. This method allows for more general path shapes, thereby removing the need to decompose the complex-plane spectral-domain path into distinct straight sections. Both enhancements are implemented for the case of TE polarization, and the results are validated against the finite element method and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis.

提出了两种替代空间谱积分方程方法。第一增强包括埃尔米特插值作为基函数集合而不是Gabor帧。这些基函数的连续性、可微性、等距间距和小的支持允许高效和准确的数值实现。第二种方法包括在空间域和复平面光谱域中的变形路径之间进行变换的方法。该方法允许更通用的路径形状，从而无需将复杂的平面谱域路径分解为不同的直线部分。这两种增强都是针对TE偏振的情况实现的，并通过有限元方法和严格的耦合波分析验证了结果。

引用次数: 1

Eliminate Crosstalk Using Symmetry in MIMO Arrays of Inductive Antennas: an Introduction to Pie-Chart Antennas 利用对称性消除感应天线MIMO阵列中的串扰：饼图天线简介

Q3 Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

Pub Date : 2017-07-26 DOI: 10.2528/PIERB17021204

J. Douarville-Blaise, D. Pouhè, Jun Hirai

We present a topology of MIMO arrays of inductive antennas exhibiting inherent high crosstalk cancellation capabilities. A single layer PCB is etched into a 3-channels array of emitting/receiving antennas. Once coupled with another similar 3-channels emitter/receiver, we measured an Adjacent Channel Rejection Ratio (ACRR) as high as 70 dB from 150 Hz to 150 kHz. Another primitive device made out of copper wires wound around PVC tubes to form a 2-channels “non-contact slip-ring” exhibited 22 dB to 47 dB of ACRR up to 15MHz. In this paper we introduce the underlying theoretical model behind the crosstalk suppression capabilities of those so-called “Pie-Chart antennas”: an extension of the mutual inductance compensation method to higher number of channels using symmetries. We detail the simple iterative building process of those antennas, illustrate it with numerical analysis and evaluate there effectiveness via real experiments on the 3-channels PCB array and the 2-channels rotary array up to the limit of our test setup. The Pie Chart design is primarily intended as an alternative solution to costly electronic filters or cumbersome EM shields in wireless AND wired applications, but not exclusively.

我们提出了一种表现出固有的高串扰消除能力的电感天线的MIMO阵列的拓扑结构。单层PCB被蚀刻成发射/接收天线的3通道阵列。一旦与另一个类似的3通道发射器/接收器耦合，我们测量到从150 Hz到150 kHz的相邻通道抑制比（ACRR）高达70 dB。另一种由铜线缠绕在PVC管上形成2通道“非接触滑环”的原始设备在15MHz的ACRR范围内表现出22dB至47dB的ACRR。在本文中，我们介绍了那些所谓的“饼图天线”的串扰抑制能力背后的基本理论模型：将互感补偿方法扩展到使用对称性的更多信道。我们详细介绍了这些天线的简单迭代构建过程，用数值分析进行了说明，并通过在3通道PCB阵列和2通道旋转阵列上的实际实验评估了其有效性，直到我们的测试设置的极限。饼图设计主要是作为无线和有线应用中昂贵的电子滤波器或笨重的EM屏蔽的替代解决方案，但并非唯一。

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引用次数: 1

Investigating Electron Beam Deflections by a Long Straight Wire Carrying a Constant Current using Direct Action, Emission-based and Field Theory Approaches of Electrodynamics 用电动力学的直接作用、发射和场论方法研究恒流长直导线对电子束的偏转

Q3 Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2528/PIERB17021103

Ray T. Smith, S. Maher

Results are presented for the transverse de ection of an electron beam by a long, straight wire carrying direct current. The experimental de ections are compared with three calculation methods based on the Lorentz force law (field theory) and both the Weber (direct action) and Ritz (emission) force formulae. The Lorentz force calculation is the conventional approach expressed in terms of electric and magnetic eld components. By contrast the force formulae of Weber and Ritz do not contain any eld vectors relating to E or B. The Weber force is based on direct action whereas the Ritz force expression is based on an emission/ballistic principle and is formulated in terms of a dimensionless constant, λ. The experimental beam de ections are for low speed (non-relativistic) electrons. Good agreement between experiment and theory is demonstrated for each approach. In fact, for the case of an innitely long wire, all three calculation methods give identical results. Finally, the three approaches are contrasted when applied to the case of high speed electrons.

文中给出了电子束被直流长直导线横截的结果。将实验结果与基于洛伦兹力定律（场论）和Weber（直接作用）和Ritz（发射）力公式的三种计算方法进行了比较。洛伦兹力计算是用电场和磁场分量表示的传统方法。相比之下，Weber和Ritz的力公式不包含任何与E或B有关的场矢量。Weber力基于直接作用，而Ritz力表达式基于发射/弹道原理，并根据无量纲常数λ进行公式化。实验束流是针对低速（非相对论性）电子的。每种方法都证明了实验和理论之间的良好一致性。事实上，对于局长导线的情况，所有三种计算方法都给出了相同的结果。最后，将这三种方法应用于高速电子的情况时进行了对比。

引用次数: 10

DESIGN OF MEDICAL RADIOMETER FRONT-END FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE. 提高医用辐射计性能的前端设计。

Q3 Engineering

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.2528/pierb10101204

O Klemetsen, Y Birkelund, S K Jacobsen, P F Maccarini, P R Stauffer

We have investigated the possibility of building a singleband Dicke radiometer that is inexpensive, small-sized, stable, highly sensitive, and which consists of readily available microwave components. The selected frequency band is at 3.25-3.75 GHz which provides a reasonable compromise between spatial resolution (antenna size) and sensing depth for radiometry applications in lossy tissue. Foreseen applications of the instrument are non-invasive temperature monitoring for breast cancer detection and temperature monitoring during heating. We have found off-the-shelf microwave components that are sufficiently small (< 5 mm × 5 mm) and which offer satisfactory overall sensitivity. Two different Dicke radiometers have been realized: one is a conventional design with the Dicke switch at the front-end to select either the antenna or noise reference channels for amplification. The second design places a matched pair of low noise amplifiers in front of the Dicke switch to reduce system noise figure.Numerical simulations were performed to test the design concepts before building prototype PCB front-end layouts of the radiometer. Both designs provide an overall power gain of approximately 50 dB over a 500 MHz bandwidth centered at 3.5 GHz. No stability problems were observed despite using triple-cascaded amplifier configurations to boost the thermal signals. The prototypes were tested for sensitivity after calibration in two different water baths. Experiments showed superior sensitivity (36% higher) when implementing the low noise amplifier before the Dicke switch (close to the antenna) compared to the other design with the Dicke switch in front. Radiometer performance was also tested in a multilayered phantom during alternating heating and radiometric reading. Empirical tests showed that for the configuration with Dicke switch first, the switch had to be locked in the reference position during application of microwave heating to avoid damage to the active components (amplifiers and power meter). For the configuration with a low noise amplifier up front, damage would occur to the active components of the radiometer if used in presence of the microwave heating antenna. Nevertheless, this design showed significantly improved sensitivity of measured temperatures and merits further investigation to determine methods of protecting the radiometer for amplifier first front ends.

我们已经研究了建造一种廉价、小尺寸、稳定、高灵敏度的单波段迪克辐射计的可能性，它由现成的微波元件组成。所选频段为3.25-3.75 GHz，这为有损耗组织中的辐射测量应用提供了空间分辨率(天线尺寸)和传感深度之间的合理折衷。该仪器的预期应用是用于乳腺癌检测的非侵入性温度监测和加热过程中的温度监测。我们已经发现现成的微波元件足够小(< 5毫米× 5毫米)，并提供令人满意的整体灵敏度。已经实现了两种不同的迪克辐射计:一种是传统的设计，在前端有迪克开关来选择天线或噪声参考通道进行放大。第二种设计在Dicke开关前放置一对匹配的低噪声放大器，以降低系统噪声系数。在构建辐射计的原型PCB前端布局之前，进行了数值模拟以测试设计概念。这两种设计在以3.5 GHz为中心的500 MHz带宽上提供了大约50 dB的总功率增益。尽管使用三级联放大器配置来增强热信号，但没有观察到稳定性问题。在两个不同的水浴中校准后，测试了原型的灵敏度。实验表明，与迪克开关在前面的其他设计相比，在迪克开关之前(靠近天线)实现低噪声放大器时，灵敏度更高(36%)。在交替加热和辐射读数期间，还在多层模体中测试了辐射计的性能。经验测试表明，首先配置Dicke开关时，在微波加热应用过程中，开关必须锁定在参考位置，以免损坏有源元件(放大器和功率计)。对于前面有一个低噪声放大器的配置，如果在微波加热天线的存在下使用，将会损坏辐射计的有源组件。尽管如此，这种设计显示出对测量温度的显着提高的灵敏度，值得进一步研究以确定保护放大器第一前端辐射计的方法。

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引用次数: 43

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