Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2174/0124055204268474230922054143
Zheng Jia, Mingjun Pang, Rui Niu
Bubbly suspensions can be often run into in natural and industrial processes. The addition of bubbles with different sizes can lead to a significant change in the rheological properties of a matrix liquid. It is extremely significant to fully understand the rheological properties of bubbly suspensions for improving process efficiencies and optimizing productive processes. Bubbly suspensions can be often run into in natural and industrial processes. The addition of bubbles of different sizes can greatly change the rheological properties of matrix liquid. It is extremely significant to fully understand the rheological properties of bubbly suspensions for improving process efficiencies and optimizing productive processes. The objective of this study is to explore qualitatively the physical law and internal mechanism of the apparent viscosity of suspensions formed by a Newtonian liquid containing different bubbles. Based on the parallel plate model of shear flow, the volume of fluid method (VOF) was used to investigate the effect of bubble arrangement and volume fraction on the apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions at low volume fractions. The piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) method was applied to reconstruct the interface based on the phase function. The present results show that the relative viscosity (ηr) of bubbly suspensions shows a nonlinear change with an increase in bubble volume fraction (ϕ). When the capillary number (Ca) is less than 0.6, ηr shows a nonlinear increase with an increase in ϕ (ηr increases from 1 to 1.03 with an increase in ϕ from 0 to 2.94% at Ca=0.1). However, Ca is greater than or equal to 0.6, ηr shows a nonlinear decrease with an increase in ϕ (ηr decreases from 1 to 0.92 with an increase in ϕ from 0 to 2.94% at Ca=2.5). Even if ϕ is the same, different arrangements of bubbles can lead to different magnitudes of apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions As ϕ increases, the region of low shear rate increases, which leads to a non−linear decrease in the relative viscosity. When ϕ is the same, the different arrangements of bubbles can lead to different effects on bubble dynamics and flow fields. This results in different viscous dissipation in bubbly suspensions. Thus, the apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions is different. Nothing
{"title":"Numerical Investigation on Effect of Bubbles Arrangement and Volume Fraction on Apparent Viscosity of Bubbly Suspensions","authors":"Zheng Jia, Mingjun Pang, Rui Niu","doi":"10.2174/0124055204268474230922054143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0124055204268474230922054143","url":null,"abstract":"Bubbly suspensions can be often run into in natural and industrial processes. The addition of bubbles with different sizes can lead to a significant change in the rheological properties of a matrix liquid. It is extremely significant to fully understand the rheological properties of bubbly suspensions for improving process efficiencies and optimizing productive processes. Bubbly suspensions can be often run into in natural and industrial processes. The addition of bubbles of different sizes can greatly change the rheological properties of matrix liquid. It is extremely significant to fully understand the rheological properties of bubbly suspensions for improving process efficiencies and optimizing productive processes. The objective of this study is to explore qualitatively the physical law and internal mechanism of the apparent viscosity of suspensions formed by a Newtonian liquid containing different bubbles. Based on the parallel plate model of shear flow, the volume of fluid method (VOF) was used to investigate the effect of bubble arrangement and volume fraction on the apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions at low volume fractions. The piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) method was applied to reconstruct the interface based on the phase function. The present results show that the relative viscosity (ηr) of bubbly suspensions shows a nonlinear change with an increase in bubble volume fraction (ϕ). When the capillary number (Ca) is less than 0.6, ηr shows a nonlinear increase with an increase in ϕ (ηr increases from 1 to 1.03 with an increase in ϕ from 0 to 2.94% at Ca=0.1). However, Ca is greater than or equal to 0.6, ηr shows a nonlinear decrease with an increase in ϕ (ηr decreases from 1 to 0.92 with an increase in ϕ from 0 to 2.94% at Ca=2.5). Even if ϕ is the same, different arrangements of bubbles can lead to different magnitudes of apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions As ϕ increases, the region of low shear rate increases, which leads to a non−linear decrease in the relative viscosity. When ϕ is the same, the different arrangements of bubbles can lead to different effects on bubble dynamics and flow fields. This results in different viscous dissipation in bubbly suspensions. Thus, the apparent viscosity of bubbly suspensions is different. Nothing","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/2405520416666230301112734
A. Vimal, Gauresh Sharma
Enzymes are highly specific and highly sensitive biocatalyst proteins that play important roles in various life processes. As they are proteins, thus, they are composed of amino acids joined together to form chains. These amino acids are linked by peptide bonds that form between the amino-terminal and carboxylic end. There is the multifaceted application of enzymes in various sectors that include food, textile, paints, pharmaceuticals, leather, oil industries, etc. There is a wide range of sources available for the extraction of enzymes. The commercially important enzymes are generally harvested from microbial sources. Some enzymes are produced extracellularly while some enzymes are produced intracellularly. The production of this bioactive compound could be enhanced by applying suitable optimization techniques, genetic engineering tools, and other modern techniques. One of the major challenges in the commercial production of enzymes is their extraction in pure form without losing their properties. Extraction of enzymes starts from upstream processing that mainly includes two types of fermentation; one is submerged fermentation and another one is solid-state fermentation. After upstream processing, downstream processing is followed which includes cell disruption, filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation, flocculation and coagulation, and chromatography. Then, enzyme purification strategies are followed (salting-out method, dialysis, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis. The purpose of down streaming is to purify and concentrate the enzyme from the complex bulk matrix. A significant amount of total production cost is contributed by downstream processing. The review discusses the industrial importance of enzymes and their downstream processing techniques economically and sustainably.
{"title":"Industrial Processing of Commercially Significant Enzymes","authors":"A. Vimal, Gauresh Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2405520416666230301112734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520416666230301112734","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Enzymes are highly specific and highly sensitive biocatalyst proteins that play important roles in various life processes. As they are proteins, thus, they are composed of amino acids joined together to form chains. These amino acids are linked by peptide bonds that form between the amino-terminal and carboxylic end. There is the multifaceted application of enzymes in various sectors that include food, textile, paints, pharmaceuticals, leather, oil industries, etc. There is a wide range of sources available for the extraction of enzymes. The commercially important enzymes are generally harvested from microbial sources. Some enzymes are produced extracellularly while some enzymes are produced intracellularly. The production of this bioactive compound could be enhanced by applying suitable optimization techniques, genetic engineering tools, and other modern techniques. One of the major challenges in the commercial production of enzymes is their extraction in pure form without losing their properties. Extraction of enzymes starts from upstream processing that mainly includes two types of fermentation; one is submerged fermentation and another one is solid-state fermentation. After upstream processing, downstream processing is followed which includes cell disruption, filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation, flocculation and coagulation, and chromatography. Then, enzyme purification strategies are followed (salting-out method, dialysis, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis. The purpose of down streaming is to purify and concentrate the enzyme from the complex bulk matrix. A significant amount of total production cost is contributed by downstream processing. The review discusses the industrial importance of enzymes and their downstream processing techniques economically and sustainably.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80671482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-31DOI: 10.2174/2211334707666150115215545
L. Yongjun, Mengdan Gong, Wubo Fan, Xiaoling Liu, H. Yin, Chengyun Yan
{"title":"Effective Removal of High-Concentration Sulfur Dioxide by Nitrogen-Modified Activated Carbon Fibers","authors":"L. Yongjun, Mengdan Gong, Wubo Fan, Xiaoling Liu, H. Yin, Chengyun Yan","doi":"10.2174/2211334707666150115215545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707666150115215545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88409332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/2211334707999140221165350
Li Yu, Mei Han, Fang He, Yihui Chen
{"title":"Current Patents on Dye Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Li Yu, Mei Han, Fang He, Yihui Chen","doi":"10.2174/2211334707999140221165350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707999140221165350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"39 1","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90942960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/221133470603140411125224
Y. Tao
{"title":"Symposium: Report of the 2013 International Symposium on Adsorption Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","authors":"Y. Tao","doi":"10.2174/221133470603140411125224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221133470603140411125224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"139 1","pages":"194-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/2211334707999140331121333
Jinchang Huang, Yanjin Lu, Qian-ting Wang, F. Lin
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Conformal Cooling Channels with Vacuum Diffusion Bonding","authors":"Jinchang Huang, Yanjin Lu, Qian-ting Wang, F. Lin","doi":"10.2174/2211334707999140331121333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707999140331121333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"62 1","pages":"176-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/2211334707999140331121527
Xiaoshuang Zheng, Jingdong Liu, Long Chen, Jianping Gao, Y. Tao
{"title":"Metal Sulfides/Graphene Nanocomposites: An Overview of Preparation and Applications","authors":"Xiaoshuang Zheng, Jingdong Liu, Long Chen, Jianping Gao, Y. Tao","doi":"10.2174/2211334707999140331121527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707999140331121527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"51 1","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90166716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/2211334707999140221164609
M. Sillanpaa
{"title":"Recent Research and Developments in Biodiesel Production from Renewable Bioresources","authors":"M. Sillanpaa","doi":"10.2174/2211334707999140221164609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707999140221164609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"17 1","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81133646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2174/2211334707999140331121752
D. Gan
Sapphire single-crystals are one of the industrial favorite substrates for GaN film deposition and LED application as well as a model system for oxides’ aqueous interfacial chemistry studies. Contamination control of sapphire substrates is critical to the device fabrication and experimental studies of interfacial properties. Here we reviewed various methods reported in the literature including conventional and new wet-chemical methods, and UV/plasma methods. Special attentions were paid to their cleaning performance in terms of reliably removing organic/particulate/heavy metallic
{"title":"Recent Progress on Critical Cleaning of Sapphire Single-Crystal Substrates: A Mini-Review","authors":"D. Gan","doi":"10.2174/2211334707999140331121752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334707999140331121752","url":null,"abstract":"Sapphire single-crystals are one of the industrial favorite substrates for GaN film deposition and LED application as well as a model system for oxides’ aqueous interfacial chemistry studies. Contamination control of sapphire substrates is critical to the device fabrication and experimental studies of interfacial properties. Here we reviewed various methods reported in the literature including conventional and new wet-chemical methods, and UV/plasma methods. Special attentions were paid to their cleaning performance in terms of reliably removing organic/particulate/heavy metallic","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"26 1","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72971865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2211334711306020003
F. Okasha
{"title":"A Novel Configuration For Fluidized Bed","authors":"F. Okasha","doi":"10.2174/2211334711306020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211334711306020003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20833,"journal":{"name":"Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering)","volume":"4 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90173925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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