Justin Rae Nichols, Asmita Kaphle, P. Tunby, Dave Van Horne, R. González‐Pinzón
Wildfires within the Southwest are expected to increase in frequency and severity, and are known to change terrestrial ecosystems, soil hydrophobicity, and a watershed's runoff response to precipitation. While wildfires' impact on a watershed and its localized effect on nearby stream reaches are well documented, what remains uncertain is how wildfire disturbances on water quality and stream metabolism propagate longitudinally through a fluvial system. To further our understanding of wildfire longitudinal impacts, we utilized five high-frequency in-situ sonde sites downstream of the Hermits Peak Calf Canyon (HPCC) wildfire, the largest wildfire in New Mexico state history, covering 192 km of the Gallinas Creek that included the Las Vegas, NM municipality and Santa Rosa Lake. Our results show a significant increase in turbidity (p-values < 0.05) at monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake during periods of high discharge. During these periods, a significant reduction was observed in gross primary production at all monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake (p-value < 0.05). Unlike the monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake, the site downstream did not experience a significant change in turbidity (p-value = 0.12) and had a significant increase in gross primary production (p-values < 0.05). Stream metabolic fingerprints also indicated increased scouring, DOC, and sediments at sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake, while the site downstream remained relatively stable. Our novel results demonstrate how a large-scale wildfire can cause localized impacts to water quality and stream metabolism and propagate through a fluvial system spanning multiple stream orders impacting downstream water quality and ecosystem services, and how a large lake was able to buffer those disturbances halting their propagation.
{"title":"Fluvial Propagation of Wildfire Disturbances From the Largest Wildfire Recorded in New Mexico","authors":"Justin Rae Nichols, Asmita Kaphle, P. Tunby, Dave Van Horne, R. González‐Pinzón","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2877","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires within the Southwest are expected to increase in frequency and severity, and are known to change terrestrial ecosystems, soil hydrophobicity, and a watershed's runoff response to precipitation. While wildfires' impact on a watershed and its localized effect on nearby stream reaches are well documented, what remains uncertain is how wildfire disturbances on water quality and stream metabolism propagate longitudinally through a fluvial system. To further our understanding of wildfire longitudinal impacts, we utilized five high-frequency in-situ sonde sites downstream of the Hermits Peak Calf Canyon (HPCC) wildfire, the largest wildfire in New Mexico state history, covering 192 km of the Gallinas Creek that included the Las Vegas, NM municipality and Santa Rosa Lake. Our results show a significant increase in turbidity (p-values < 0.05) at monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake during periods of high discharge. During these periods, a significant reduction was observed in gross primary production at all monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake (p-value < 0.05). Unlike the monitoring sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake, the site downstream did not experience a significant change in turbidity (p-value = 0.12) and had a significant increase in gross primary production (p-values < 0.05). Stream metabolic fingerprints also indicated increased scouring, DOC, and sediments at sites upstream of Santa Rosa Lake, while the site downstream remained relatively stable. Our novel results demonstrate how a large-scale wildfire can cause localized impacts to water quality and stream metabolism and propagate through a fluvial system spanning multiple stream orders impacting downstream water quality and ecosystem services, and how a large lake was able to buffer those disturbances halting their propagation.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117108978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Olivine Mineral Chemistry of Volcanic Flows in the Northeastern Potrillo Volcanic Field","authors":"Mikayla Earnest, J. Thines","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121896447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Blake, S. Murphy, Elizabeth Tomaszewski, M. Hornberger
{"title":"Potential post-wildfire water quality effects in uranium-rich regions","authors":"J. Blake, S. Murphy, Elizabeth Tomaszewski, M. Hornberger","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Timmons, Rob Pine, J. Ross, G. Rawling, R. Hobbs, T. Newton
{"title":"NM Water data initiative project: Groundwater level monitoring network planning","authors":"S. Timmons, Rob Pine, J. Ross, G. Rawling, R. Hobbs, T. Newton","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123261998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometry, kinematics, and timing of Proterozoic shear zones in New Mexico and northwestern Arizona: a record of multiple orogenic pulses?","authors":"John M. Bailey","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133974962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barker, M. Sandoval, A. Mahar, Jay Chapman, P. Goodell, A. Arribas
The main goal of this study is to determine the mineralization timing and origin of the unique Y+HREE (heavy rare earth element) deposit hosted by Round Top Mountain in the Sierra Blanca laccolith cluster in west Texas and compare it to fluorite deposits elsewhere in west Texas and southern New Mexico. Initial operations at the Round Top deposit are underway and the project is estimated to have a mine life of >20 years. Whole-rock geochemistry reveals that the magmatic rocks at the Sierra Blanca cluster are high-K, metaluminous rhyolites. A detailed mineralogical review shows that most of the Y + HREEs reside within the Ca-deficient yttrofluoride, yttrocerite, fluocerite, xenotime and cheralite. New zircon and xenotime U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology data from the Sierra Blanca area indicate magmatism occurred from 38-34 Ma. Inherited zircon show a cluster of ~1.1 Ga dates, which suggest the involvement of granitic basement similar to the 1.1 Ga Red Bluff Granite exposed in the Franklin Mountains. Zircon Lu-Hf (-4 to -10 εHf t ) and zircon δ 18 O (5.5-6.5 ‰) isotopic data from the Sierra Blanca area suggest enriched mantle-derived magma sources. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains caldera (ca. 36 Ma) and the Red Bluff Granite was investigated using LA-ICP-MS for U-Pb dating and REE concentrations to compare with the Round Top deposit. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains contained significant common Pb and did not yield reliable ages, but the data suggests that mineralization occurred during the Cenozoic. Fluorite from the Red Bluff Granite is significantly more enriched in REE (~9000 ppm REE+Y) than the Organ Mountains fluorite (~400 ppm REE+Y). In addition to fluorite, another purple-colored, REE-bearing mineral was identified in the Red Bluff Granite that is tentatively thought to be hydrothermal zircon with up to 10 wt. % REE=Y. U-Pb analysis of this mineral yields an age of 1.05 ± 0.05 Ga. These new data and our ongoing investigations will help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genesis of the Round Top HREEs deposit and the generation of REE-enriched fluorite mineralization throughout the region.
{"title":"Timing and Origin of Hree-Enriched Fluorite Mineralization in West Texas and Southern New Mexico, Including Sierra Blanca and the Franklin Mountains","authors":"J. Barker, M. Sandoval, A. Mahar, Jay Chapman, P. Goodell, A. Arribas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2905","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this study is to determine the mineralization timing and origin of the unique Y+HREE (heavy rare earth element) deposit hosted by Round Top Mountain in the Sierra Blanca laccolith cluster in west Texas and compare it to fluorite deposits elsewhere in west Texas and southern New Mexico. Initial operations at the Round Top deposit are underway and the project is estimated to have a mine life of >20 years. Whole-rock geochemistry reveals that the magmatic rocks at the Sierra Blanca cluster are high-K, metaluminous rhyolites. A detailed mineralogical review shows that most of the Y + HREEs reside within the Ca-deficient yttrofluoride, yttrocerite, fluocerite, xenotime and cheralite. New zircon and xenotime U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology data from the Sierra Blanca area indicate magmatism occurred from 38-34 Ma. Inherited zircon show a cluster of ~1.1 Ga dates, which suggest the involvement of granitic basement similar to the 1.1 Ga Red Bluff Granite exposed in the Franklin Mountains. Zircon Lu-Hf (-4 to -10 εHf t ) and zircon δ 18 O (5.5-6.5 ‰) isotopic data from the Sierra Blanca area suggest enriched mantle-derived magma sources. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains caldera (ca. 36 Ma) and the Red Bluff Granite was investigated using LA-ICP-MS for U-Pb dating and REE concentrations to compare with the Round Top deposit. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains contained significant common Pb and did not yield reliable ages, but the data suggests that mineralization occurred during the Cenozoic. Fluorite from the Red Bluff Granite is significantly more enriched in REE (~9000 ppm REE+Y) than the Organ Mountains fluorite (~400 ppm REE+Y). In addition to fluorite, another purple-colored, REE-bearing mineral was identified in the Red Bluff Granite that is tentatively thought to be hydrothermal zircon with up to 10 wt. % REE=Y. U-Pb analysis of this mineral yields an age of 1.05 ± 0.05 Ga. These new data and our ongoing investigations will help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genesis of the Round Top HREEs deposit and the generation of REE-enriched fluorite mineralization throughout the region.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123162026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relative influence of rainfall and watershed characteristics in controlling runoff in ephemeral channel systems is difficult to interrogate with current field datasets. First, runoff-producing rainstorms are rare in the environments that host ephemeral channels. Compounding this, there are at least three dimensions of variability in rainfall that affect runoff: rainfall intensity, total depth of high-intensity rainfall (or, equivalently, duration of high-intensity rainfall), and spatial extent of high-intensity rainfall. As a result, there is rarely enough field data to fully cover this variable space. Beyond this, influences such as lithology, vegetation, and soil and their effect on infiltration – both on hillslopes and in channels – are difficult to incorporate. We are developing a new runoff and rainfall monitoring dataset for the Arroyo de los Pinos watershed in central New Mexico to help bridge this gap. Our goal is to use the diverse geology of the basin to advance understanding of runoff generation and channel conveyance loss. The 32 km 2 watershed has three important lithologic classes: limestone bedrock, sandstone-shale bedrock, and weakly-lithified alluvial basin fill. Here, we present two years of monitoring data from this watershed. Runoff only occurs during the summer monsoon season, in instances when high-intensity thunderstorms linger long enough over the watershed. An approximate 15-minute intensity threshold for runoff production is 0.2 mm/min. Runoff is produced most readily in limestone sub-basins, followed by sandstone, and least readily in alluvial fill, a pattern that is consistent with the increasing hydraulic conductivity of the three lithologies. Rainfall intensity is a stronger predictor of the runoff ratio than rainfall depth, particularly in smaller subbasins and in limestone-dominated subbasins. This is consistent with observations of infiltration-excess overland flow throughout the watershed during high-intensity storms. In general, larger subbasins have lower runoff ratios, due to high transmission losses as bed infiltration in the ephemeral channel network. However, the mix of lithologies in the larger subbasins complicates the interpretation
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Runoff Response of an Ephemeral Watershed to High-Intensity Rain: Arroyo De Los Pinos, NM","authors":"D. Cadol, Loc Luong, Sandra Glasgo, M. Richards","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2893","url":null,"abstract":"The relative influence of rainfall and watershed characteristics in controlling runoff in ephemeral channel systems is difficult to interrogate with current field datasets. First, runoff-producing rainstorms are rare in the environments that host ephemeral channels. Compounding this, there are at least three dimensions of variability in rainfall that affect runoff: rainfall intensity, total depth of high-intensity rainfall (or, equivalently, duration of high-intensity rainfall), and spatial extent of high-intensity rainfall. As a result, there is rarely enough field data to fully cover this variable space. Beyond this, influences such as lithology, vegetation, and soil and their effect on infiltration – both on hillslopes and in channels – are difficult to incorporate. We are developing a new runoff and rainfall monitoring dataset for the Arroyo de los Pinos watershed in central New Mexico to help bridge this gap. Our goal is to use the diverse geology of the basin to advance understanding of runoff generation and channel conveyance loss. The 32 km 2 watershed has three important lithologic classes: limestone bedrock, sandstone-shale bedrock, and weakly-lithified alluvial basin fill. Here, we present two years of monitoring data from this watershed. Runoff only occurs during the summer monsoon season, in instances when high-intensity thunderstorms linger long enough over the watershed. An approximate 15-minute intensity threshold for runoff production is 0.2 mm/min. Runoff is produced most readily in limestone sub-basins, followed by sandstone, and least readily in alluvial fill, a pattern that is consistent with the increasing hydraulic conductivity of the three lithologies. Rainfall intensity is a stronger predictor of the runoff ratio than rainfall depth, particularly in smaller subbasins and in limestone-dominated subbasins. This is consistent with observations of infiltration-excess overland flow throughout the watershed during high-intensity storms. In general, larger subbasins have lower runoff ratios, due to high transmission losses as bed infiltration in the ephemeral channel network. However, the mix of lithologies in the larger subbasins complicates the interpretation","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124295768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geochemical and isotopic data from the literature for aquifers around El Paso del Norte area is gathered and analyzed to identify mixing patterns and study their hydraulic connectivity. Most of the aquifers are recognized as part of the Rio Grande aquifer system and represent an interlinked series of basins. Existing information on groundwater flow direction and interbasin flow help interpret the data. Using environmental tracers, groundwater groups were identified and characterized, including possible instances of mixing among them. The results were then compared to dendrograms produced from a multivariate analysis of the data as well as to published classification schemes. This study specifically identifies a number of samples in the Valle de Juárez aquifer that match the signature of groundwater groups found near the Jornada-Mesilla divide as well as mixing with the Hueco Bolson endmembers. Groundwater from Conejos-Médanos resembles a mix of at least two distinct water types identified in the Laguna de Patos aquifer; their similarities with a number of samples in the Mesilla Basin, Diablo Plateau, and southern Hueco Bolson suggest mixing and/or a common source or lithology. Springs from the Diablo Plateau and Red Light Draw located at normal faults along the southeastern Hueco boundary are discharging groundwater with similar characteristics. A number of regional geochemical trends were also identified. The results illustrate aquifer dynamics and highlight the importance of data integration for the analysis of regional and local systems, which has implications for water management, quality, and availability topics.
收集并分析了El Paso del Norte地区周围含水层的地球化学和同位素数据，以确定混合模式并研究其水力连通性。大多数含水层被认为是格兰德河含水层系统的一部分，代表了一系列相互联系的盆地。现有的地下水流向和流域间流动信息有助于解释这些数据。使用环境示踪剂，确定和表征了地下水群，包括它们之间可能混合的实例。然后将结果与多变量数据分析产生的树形图以及已发表的分类方案进行比较。这项研究特别确定了Juárez含水层中的一些样本，这些样本与Jornada-Mesilla分水岭附近发现的地下水群的特征相匹配，并且与Hueco Bolson端成员混合。conejos - m达诺斯河的地下水类似于在拉古纳德帕托斯含水层中发现的至少两种不同类型的水的混合物;它们与Mesilla盆地、Diablo高原和Hueco Bolson南部的许多样品相似，表明混合和/或有共同的来源或岩性。位于Hueco边界东南部正断层上的Diablo高原和Red Light Draw的泉水也在排出具有类似特征的地下水。还确定了若干区域地球化学趋势。研究结果说明了含水层动态，并强调了数据集成对区域和地方系统分析的重要性，这对水管理、质量和可用性主题具有重要意义。
{"title":"Groundwater signatures and mixing patterns around El Paso del Norte area of the Rio Grande aquifer system using environmental tracers","authors":"Astrid Y. Lozano Acosta","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2874","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemical and isotopic data from the literature for aquifers around El Paso del Norte area is gathered and analyzed to identify mixing patterns and study their hydraulic connectivity. Most of the aquifers are recognized as part of the Rio Grande aquifer system and represent an interlinked series of basins. Existing information on groundwater flow direction and interbasin flow help interpret the data. Using environmental tracers, groundwater groups were identified and characterized, including possible instances of mixing among them. The results were then compared to dendrograms produced from a multivariate analysis of the data as well as to published classification schemes. This study specifically identifies a number of samples in the Valle de Juárez aquifer that match the signature of groundwater groups found near the Jornada-Mesilla divide as well as mixing with the Hueco Bolson endmembers. Groundwater from Conejos-Médanos resembles a mix of at least two distinct water types identified in the Laguna de Patos aquifer; their similarities with a number of samples in the Mesilla Basin, Diablo Plateau, and southern Hueco Bolson suggest mixing and/or a common source or lithology. Springs from the Diablo Plateau and Red Light Draw located at normal faults along the southeastern Hueco boundary are discharging groundwater with similar characteristics. A number of regional geochemical trends were also identified. The results illustrate aquifer dynamics and highlight the importance of data integration for the analysis of regional and local systems, which has implications for water management, quality, and availability topics.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132420814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Arroyo de los Pinos is a tributary of the Rio Grande that transports relatively coarse sediment into the river annually through flash flood events. This coarse-grained sediment can lead to problems for downstream infrastructure, such as sedimentation in reservoirs and increased channel maintenance requirements for flow conveyance. Over the past five years, a comprehensive database of bedload, suspended sediment, and meteorological-hydrologic measurements have been developed at the confluence of the channel to the Rio Grande. Bedload flux is monitored by three Reid-type slot samplers at 1-minute resolution, flow stage is continuously monitored with pressure transducers, and surface flow velocity is measured periodically using large scale particle imagery velocimetry (LSPIV) to produce a stage-discharge rating curve. Bed material samples have been collected and sieved, and channel geometry has been mapped in detail using drone imagery and structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. This dataset enables assessment of predicted bedload using a wide range of well-established equations including Meyer-Peter and Müller, Wilcock and Crowe, Einstein, Parker, Ackers-White, and Engelund-Hansen which are calculated and compared in HEC-RAS and BedloadWeb. Crucially, we can compare the quality of prediction from these methods against the observed bedload transport at a range of flow depths between 5 – 50 cm (discharge at 0.25 – 10 m3/s). The Pinos dataset provides an excellent opportunity to compare a range of transport equations and consider their relative performance in ephemeral, semi-arid, flash flood driven fluvial systems. Successful equation selection will enable the extension of our temporally-limited direct bedload measurements to approximate annual bedload yields from the Arroyos de los Pinos, as well as from other similar ephemeral tributaries to the Rio Grande and elsewhere. The best fitting bedload transport equations for the Arroyo de los Pinos are the Meyer-Peter and Müller and the Wilcock and Crowe equations.
阿罗约德洛斯皮诺斯河是里约热内卢格兰德河的一条支流，每年通过山洪事件将相对较粗的沉积物输送到河中。这种粗粒度沉积物可能会给下游基础设施带来问题，例如水库的沉积和水流输送对河道维护要求的增加。在过去的五年中，在河道与里约热内卢格兰德的汇合处建立了一个综合的河床、悬浮泥沙和气象水文测量数据库。通过三个reid型槽式采样器以1分钟的分辨率监测层载通量，通过压力传感器连续监测流动级，使用大尺度颗粒成像测速仪(LSPIV)定期测量地表流速，以生成级流量额定曲线。收集和筛选了床上物质样本，并使用无人机图像和运动结构(SfM)摄影测量法详细绘制了通道几何形状。该数据集可以使用广泛的成熟方程(包括Meyer-Peter和m ller, Wilcock和Crowe, Einstein, Parker, Ackers-White和Engelund-Hansen)来评估预测的床载，这些方程在HEC-RAS和BedloadWeb中进行计算和比较。至关重要的是，我们可以将这些方法的预测质量与在5 - 50 cm流深范围内(流量为0.25 - 10 m3/s)观测到的层质输运进行比较。Pinos数据集提供了一个很好的机会来比较一系列输运方程，并考虑它们在短暂的、半干旱的、山洪驱动的河流系统中的相对性能。成功的方程选择将使我们暂时有限的直接层载测量得以扩展，以近似Arroyos de los Pinos以及其他类似的短暂支流到里约热内卢Grande和其他地方的年层载产量。最适合阿罗约德洛斯皮诺斯的层质输运方程是Meyer-Peter和m - ller方程和Wilcock和Crowe方程。
{"title":"Comparison of Measured Bedload with Predictions from Transport Equations in an Unarmored Ephemeral Channel","authors":"Rebecca Moskal, D. Cadol","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2942","url":null,"abstract":"The Arroyo de los Pinos is a tributary of the Rio Grande that transports relatively coarse sediment into the river annually through flash flood events. This coarse-grained sediment can lead to problems for downstream infrastructure, such as sedimentation in reservoirs and increased channel maintenance requirements for flow conveyance. Over the past five years, a comprehensive database of bedload, suspended sediment, and meteorological-hydrologic measurements have been developed at the confluence of the channel to the Rio Grande. Bedload flux is monitored by three Reid-type slot samplers at 1-minute resolution, flow stage is continuously monitored with pressure transducers, and surface flow velocity is measured periodically using large scale particle imagery velocimetry (LSPIV) to produce a stage-discharge rating curve. Bed material samples have been collected and sieved, and channel geometry has been mapped in detail using drone imagery and structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. This dataset enables assessment of predicted bedload using a wide range of well-established equations including Meyer-Peter and Müller, Wilcock and Crowe, Einstein, Parker, Ackers-White, and Engelund-Hansen which are calculated and compared in HEC-RAS and BedloadWeb. Crucially, we can compare the quality of prediction from these methods against the observed bedload transport at a range of flow depths between 5 – 50 cm (discharge at 0.25 – 10 m3/s). The Pinos dataset provides an excellent opportunity to compare a range of transport equations and consider their relative performance in ephemeral, semi-arid, flash flood driven fluvial systems. Successful equation selection will enable the extension of our temporally-limited direct bedload measurements to approximate annual bedload yields from the Arroyos de los Pinos, as well as from other similar ephemeral tributaries to the Rio Grande and elsewhere. The best fitting bedload transport equations for the Arroyo de los Pinos are the Meyer-Peter and Müller and the Wilcock and Crowe equations.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquake magnitude scales with the length of the ruptured fault plane (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). Regional earthquake hazard assessments therefore require an understanding of how individual fault segments may link together to produce large earthquakes. Though fault segmentation’s impact on rupture has been explored along strike-slip faults, such as the San Andreas system in California (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984, Nishigami, 2000), similar studies along normal faults are limited (DuRoss et al., 2016). The Alamogordo fault is a segmented normal fault in the Tularosa Basin of south-central New Mexico with established seismogenic potential (Koning and Pazzaglia, 2002). A rupture along this fault would threaten critical infrastructure, such as the city of Alamogordo (population >30,000), White Sands Missile Range, and Holloman Air Force Base. Here we assess fault segmentation along the Alamogordo fault using a combination of remote sensing and field-based mapping techniques. Restricted access within the White Sands Missile Range has limited previous mapping efforts, but with the release of new statewide lidar datasets, we are able to conduct more detailed remote sensing-based neotectonic mapping. Our efforts have expanded the mapped extent of the fault by >15 km. Future work will include mapping of offset geomorphic surfaces at the northern and southern ends of the fault to verify remote mapping interpretations and integration of mapped fault geometries into the lithospheric dynamics code ASPECT to create a geodynamic model of the fault zone.
地震震级随破裂断层面的长度而变化(Wells and Coppersmith, 1994)。因此，区域地震危险性评估需要了解单个断层段如何连接在一起产生大地震。虽然断层分割对破裂的影响已经沿着走滑断层进行了探索，如加利福尼亚州的圣安德烈亚斯系统(Schwartz和Coppersmith, 1984, Nishigami, 2000)，但沿着正断层的类似研究有限(DuRoss et al.， 2016)。阿拉莫戈多断层是新墨西哥州中南部图拉罗萨盆地的一条分段正断层，具有确定的发震潜力(Koning and Pazzaglia, 2002)。这条断层的破裂将威胁到关键的基础设施，如阿拉莫戈多市(人口>3万)、白沙导弹靶场和霍洛曼空军基地。在这里，我们使用遥感和基于现场的制图技术相结合的方法评估沿阿拉莫戈多断层的断层分割。限制进入白沙导弹靶场限制了之前的制图工作，但随着新的全州激光雷达数据集的发布，我们能够进行更详细的基于遥感的新构造制图。我们的努力使断层的测绘范围扩大了15公里以上。未来的工作将包括对断层北端和南端的偏移地貌表面进行测绘，以验证远程测绘解释，并将测绘的断层几何形状整合到岩石圈动力学代码ASPECT中，以创建断裂带的地球动力学模型。
{"title":"Evaluating Segmentation Behavior Along the Alamogordo Fault Using Remote Sensing and Field-based Datasets","authors":"G. Pharris, V. Prush, J. Naliboff","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2927","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake magnitude scales with the length of the ruptured fault plane (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). Regional earthquake hazard assessments therefore require an understanding of how individual fault segments may link together to produce large earthquakes. Though fault segmentation’s impact on rupture has been explored along strike-slip faults, such as the San Andreas system in California (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1984, Nishigami, 2000), similar studies along normal faults are limited (DuRoss et al., 2016). The Alamogordo fault is a segmented normal fault in the Tularosa Basin of south-central New Mexico with established seismogenic potential (Koning and Pazzaglia, 2002). A rupture along this fault would threaten critical infrastructure, such as the city of Alamogordo (population >30,000), White Sands Missile Range, and Holloman Air Force Base. Here we assess fault segmentation along the Alamogordo fault using a combination of remote sensing and field-based mapping techniques. Restricted access within the White Sands Missile Range has limited previous mapping efforts, but with the release of new statewide lidar datasets, we are able to conduct more detailed remote sensing-based neotectonic mapping. Our efforts have expanded the mapped extent of the fault by >15 km. Future work will include mapping of offset geomorphic surfaces at the northern and southern ends of the fault to verify remote mapping interpretations and integration of mapped fault geometries into the lithospheric dynamics code ASPECT to create a geodynamic model of the fault zone.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：