Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.3390/reactions4010002
Åshild Moi Sørskår, Helge Ø. K. Stenstrøm, Y. Stenstrøm, S. Antonsen
The alkyne zipper reaction is an internal-to-terminal alkyne isomerization reaction with many interesting applications in synthetic chemistry, as it constitutes an efficient means of achieving acetylene functionalization. A review of its applications in synthesis processes is presented in this paper, with a brief overview of the mechanistic features of the alkyne zipper reaction, as well as a brief overview of its future potential.
{"title":"The Alkyne Zipper Reaction: A Useful Tool in Synthetic Chemistry","authors":"Åshild Moi Sørskår, Helge Ø. K. Stenstrøm, Y. Stenstrøm, S. Antonsen","doi":"10.3390/reactions4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010002","url":null,"abstract":"The alkyne zipper reaction is an internal-to-terminal alkyne isomerization reaction with many interesting applications in synthetic chemistry, as it constitutes an efficient means of achieving acetylene functionalization. A review of its applications in synthesis processes is presented in this paper, with a brief overview of the mechanistic features of the alkyne zipper reaction, as well as a brief overview of its future potential.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89688067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.3390/reactions4010001
D. Navas
This review is based on hydrothermal synthetic procedures that generate different vanadium oxide microstructures with mixed oxidation states, where different vanadium (V5+) precursors (vanadate, vanadium oxide, vanadium alkoxide, etc.,) are used to obtain various types of morphologies and shapes, such as sea urchins, cogs, stars, squares, etc., depending on the amphiphilic molecules (usually surfactants) exhibiting a structural director role containing an organic functional group such as primary amines and thiols, respectively. The performance of sol–gel methodology, where intercalation processes sometimes take place, is crucial prior to the hydrothermal treatment stage to control the V4+/V5+. In every synthesis, many physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, reaction time., etc., are responsible for influencing the reactions in order to obtain different products; the final material usually corresponds to a mixed oxidation state structure with different content rates. This feature has been used in many technological applications, and some researchers have enhanced it by functionalizing the products to enhance their electrochemical and magnetic properties. Although some results have been auspicious, there are a number of projects underway to improve the synthesis in many ways, including yield, secondary products, size distribution, oxidation state ratio, etc., to achieve the best benefits from these microstructures in the large number of technological, catalytic, and magnetic devices, among other applications.
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Microstructures with Mixed Oxidation States","authors":"D. Navas","doi":"10.3390/reactions4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4010001","url":null,"abstract":"This review is based on hydrothermal synthetic procedures that generate different vanadium oxide microstructures with mixed oxidation states, where different vanadium (V5+) precursors (vanadate, vanadium oxide, vanadium alkoxide, etc.,) are used to obtain various types of morphologies and shapes, such as sea urchins, cogs, stars, squares, etc., depending on the amphiphilic molecules (usually surfactants) exhibiting a structural director role containing an organic functional group such as primary amines and thiols, respectively. The performance of sol–gel methodology, where intercalation processes sometimes take place, is crucial prior to the hydrothermal treatment stage to control the V4+/V5+. In every synthesis, many physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, reaction time., etc., are responsible for influencing the reactions in order to obtain different products; the final material usually corresponds to a mixed oxidation state structure with different content rates. This feature has been used in many technological applications, and some researchers have enhanced it by functionalizing the products to enhance their electrochemical and magnetic properties. Although some results have been auspicious, there are a number of projects underway to improve the synthesis in many ways, including yield, secondary products, size distribution, oxidation state ratio, etc., to achieve the best benefits from these microstructures in the large number of technological, catalytic, and magnetic devices, among other applications.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86187490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040043
M. Pizzolato, Giulia Da Pian, E. Ghedini, A. di Michele, F. Menegazzo, G. Cruciani, M. Signoretto
This study focuses on the synthetic approach influence in morphostructural features and catalytic performances for Ni/CeO2 catalysts. Incipient wetness impregnation, coprecipitation and nitrate combustion were studied as catalyst preparation approaches, and the materials were then tested at 700 °C for methane dry reforming (MDR). The morphostructural properties of the materials were deeply studied using several techniques, such as temperature programmed reduction (TPR), to investigate reducibility and support-metal interaction, N2 physisorption to evaluate the porosity and the surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to estimate Ni dispersion, and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) to identify the type and amount of coke formed on catalysts’ surface after reaction. From the data obtained, coprecipitation turned out to be the most suitable technique for this application because this catalyst was able to reach 70% of CO2 conversion and 30% methane conversion, with an H2 yield of 15% and 30% yield of CO at the end of the 30 h test. Moreover, it was also the catalyst with the highest metal dispersion, the strongest interaction with the support, and the lowest coke deposition.
{"title":"Study of the Synthetic Approach Influence in Ni/CeO2-Based Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming","authors":"M. Pizzolato, Giulia Da Pian, E. Ghedini, A. di Michele, F. Menegazzo, G. Cruciani, M. Signoretto","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040043","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the synthetic approach influence in morphostructural features and catalytic performances for Ni/CeO2 catalysts. Incipient wetness impregnation, coprecipitation and nitrate combustion were studied as catalyst preparation approaches, and the materials were then tested at 700 °C for methane dry reforming (MDR). The morphostructural properties of the materials were deeply studied using several techniques, such as temperature programmed reduction (TPR), to investigate reducibility and support-metal interaction, N2 physisorption to evaluate the porosity and the surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to estimate Ni dispersion, and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) to identify the type and amount of coke formed on catalysts’ surface after reaction. From the data obtained, coprecipitation turned out to be the most suitable technique for this application because this catalyst was able to reach 70% of CO2 conversion and 30% methane conversion, with an H2 yield of 15% and 30% yield of CO at the end of the 30 h test. Moreover, it was also the catalyst with the highest metal dispersion, the strongest interaction with the support, and the lowest coke deposition.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88260135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040042
D. Osipov, K. S. Korzhenko, V. Osyanin
A new three-component condensation of β-ketonitriles, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, and secondary cyclic amines was developed. A possible reaction mechanism has been proposed including Knoevenagel condensation followed by aromatic nucleophilic substitution. It was found that in the case of 3-oxopropanenitrile bearing the 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil moiety, the reaction is not accompanied by fluorine substitution in the Knoevenagel adduct, and the Michael addition of a secondary amine occurs followed by oxidation.
{"title":"Three-Component Condensation of β-Ketonitriles, 4-Fluorobenzaldehyde, and Secondary Cyclic Amines","authors":"D. Osipov, K. S. Korzhenko, V. Osyanin","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040042","url":null,"abstract":"A new three-component condensation of β-ketonitriles, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, and secondary cyclic amines was developed. A possible reaction mechanism has been proposed including Knoevenagel condensation followed by aromatic nucleophilic substitution. It was found that in the case of 3-oxopropanenitrile bearing the 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil moiety, the reaction is not accompanied by fluorine substitution in the Knoevenagel adduct, and the Michael addition of a secondary amine occurs followed by oxidation.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75369573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040041
Takumi Hamada, Kento Iwai, N. Nishiwaki
A systematic study of the Diels–Alder reaction of α-nitrocinnamate was performed. The reaction of p-substituted α-nitrocinnamate with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadienes smoothly proceeded regardless of the p-substituent, which was either an electron-donating or -withdrawing group. A control reaction revealed that α-nitrocinnamate isomerized during the reaction. Danishefsly’s diene (1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene) facilitated cycloaddition under mild conditions to afford a cycloadduct without the alternation of the diastereomeric ratio. Moreover, the desilylation of the cycloadduct furnished multiple functionalized cyclohexanones.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Multiple Functionalized Cyclohexanone Using Diels–Alder Reaction of α-Nitrocinnamate","authors":"Takumi Hamada, Kento Iwai, N. Nishiwaki","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040041","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic study of the Diels–Alder reaction of α-nitrocinnamate was performed. The reaction of p-substituted α-nitrocinnamate with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadienes smoothly proceeded regardless of the p-substituent, which was either an electron-donating or -withdrawing group. A control reaction revealed that α-nitrocinnamate isomerized during the reaction. Danishefsly’s diene (1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene) facilitated cycloaddition under mild conditions to afford a cycloadduct without the alternation of the diastereomeric ratio. Moreover, the desilylation of the cycloadduct furnished multiple functionalized cyclohexanones.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85789240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040040
Mane Samruddhi, Akash Bhatkar, M. Prabu, S. Mekala, P. Gogoi, G. Mohapatra, Raja Thirumalaiswamy
Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.
苯甲醚是一种稻草色的芳香化合物，主要用于制造溶剂、调味剂、香水、燃料添加剂和合成工业。苯甲醚，又称甲氧基苯，是用各种甲基化剂由苯氧化钠或苯酚合成的。二甲醚(DME)作为烷基化剂在文献中很少报道。本文采用苯酚与二甲醚的o -烷基化工艺合成苯甲醚，实现了零排放。利用Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems)软件模拟了苯酚与二甲醚反应的热力学平衡。用磷钨酸(PTA)在适宜酸度的γ-Al2O3上对苯酚的o -烷基化反应进行了研究。研究了不同比例的活性金属负载，在280℃条件下，转化率为46.57%，选择性为88.22%。用液相色谱法对连续搅拌反应器的液体产物进行了分析，并计算了其转化率和选择性。考察了苯酚在不同温度、反应物配比、停留时间和可回收性条件下的o -烷基化和c -烷基化反应，以及这些因素对苯甲醚收率的影响。采用XRD、BET、HR-TEM、FE-SEM、元素映射、XPS和DRIFT等方法对催化剂进行了表征。
{"title":"Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether","authors":"Mane Samruddhi, Akash Bhatkar, M. Prabu, S. Mekala, P. Gogoi, G. Mohapatra, Raja Thirumalaiswamy","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040040","url":null,"abstract":"Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040039
O. Manaenkov, O. Kislitsa, E. Ratkevich, Yu. Kosivtsov, V. Sapunov, V. Matveeva
Studies of the processes of the hydrolytic oxidation of disaccharides are the first step towards the development of technologies for the direct conversion of plant polysaccharides, primarily cellulose, into aldonic and aldaric acids, which are widely used in chemical synthesis and various industries. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts based on a porous matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) and noble metals (Pt, Au, Ru, and Pd) were proposed for the hydrolytic oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic and glucaric acids. The catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, electron microscopy, and other methods. In particular, it was shown that the Pt-containing catalyst contained, on average, six times more active centers on the surface, which made it more promising for use in this reaction. At a temperature of 145 °C, an O2 pressure of 5 bars, and a substrate/catalyst weight ratio of 4/1, the yields of gluconic and glucaric acids reached 21.6 and 63.4%, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the mathematical model of the cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation kinetics in the presence of 3% Pt/HPS MN270 was developed, and the parameter estimation was carried out. The formal description of the kinetics of cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation was obtained.
{"title":"Hydrolytic Oxidation of Cellobiose Using Catalysts Containing Noble Metals","authors":"O. Manaenkov, O. Kislitsa, E. Ratkevich, Yu. Kosivtsov, V. Sapunov, V. Matveeva","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040039","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the processes of the hydrolytic oxidation of disaccharides are the first step towards the development of technologies for the direct conversion of plant polysaccharides, primarily cellulose, into aldonic and aldaric acids, which are widely used in chemical synthesis and various industries. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts based on a porous matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) and noble metals (Pt, Au, Ru, and Pd) were proposed for the hydrolytic oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic and glucaric acids. The catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, electron microscopy, and other methods. In particular, it was shown that the Pt-containing catalyst contained, on average, six times more active centers on the surface, which made it more promising for use in this reaction. At a temperature of 145 °C, an O2 pressure of 5 bars, and a substrate/catalyst weight ratio of 4/1, the yields of gluconic and glucaric acids reached 21.6 and 63.4%, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the mathematical model of the cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation kinetics in the presence of 3% Pt/HPS MN270 was developed, and the parameter estimation was carried out. The formal description of the kinetics of cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation was obtained.","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91266695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040038
C. Tempelman, Brahim el Arkoubi, Jochem Spaan, Ronny Slevani, V. Degirmenci
A method is presented to study the decomposition of urea deposited on Cu/HZSM-5 SCR catalysts and therewith the ability of the Cu/HZSM-5 SCR catalyst to be regenerated when being overdosed with SCR urea fluids during operation. This straightforward laboratory method could speed up calibration of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. As an example, the removal of adsorbed urea to the SCR substrate due to dosage malfunction is studied. To study the removal of adsorbed urea on the catalyst substrate, FTIR experiments have been conducted to investigate the state of the catalyst. Besides Cu/HZSM-5 also HZSM-5 and CuOx were studied as model compounds to provide more inside on the processes occurring at the Cu/HZSM-5 surface upon urea decomposition. To simulate exposure of the SCR catalyst to overdosing of the urea solution, samples were impregnated with a 32 wt% urea solution, which correlates to that of commercial heavy duty diesel urea solutions. After impregnation, the samples were heated at various temperatures in the 133–400 °C temperature region, typically the operation window of a SCR catalyst. After heating, the samples were cooled to room temperature and measured in FTIR. The obtained spectra were compared with various literature reports to correlate the observed absorption bands to urea, urea related compounds and decomposition compounds. The concentration of these adsorbed species decreases at increased thermolysis temperature and is no longer visible at temperatures >250 °C. Extended heat treatment at 200 °C revealed only minor loss of adsorbents after 6 h and were still observable in the FTIR spectra after 24 h. Urea derived adsorbents were completely removed when simulating catalyst regeneration under SCR operation conditions under continuous air flow with a humidity of 10% and at elevated temperatures (400 °C).
{"title":"Decomposition of Heavy Diesel SCR Urea Fluid Adsorbed in Cu/HZSM-5 SCR Catalysts Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy at Ambient Conditions","authors":"C. Tempelman, Brahim el Arkoubi, Jochem Spaan, Ronny Slevani, V. Degirmenci","doi":"10.3390/reactions3040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040038","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented to study the decomposition of urea deposited on Cu/HZSM-5 SCR catalysts and therewith the ability of the Cu/HZSM-5 SCR catalyst to be regenerated when being overdosed with SCR urea fluids during operation. This straightforward laboratory method could speed up calibration of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. As an example, the removal of adsorbed urea to the SCR substrate due to dosage malfunction is studied. To study the removal of adsorbed urea on the catalyst substrate, FTIR experiments have been conducted to investigate the state of the catalyst. Besides Cu/HZSM-5 also HZSM-5 and CuOx were studied as model compounds to provide more inside on the processes occurring at the Cu/HZSM-5 surface upon urea decomposition. To simulate exposure of the SCR catalyst to overdosing of the urea solution, samples were impregnated with a 32 wt% urea solution, which correlates to that of commercial heavy duty diesel urea solutions. After impregnation, the samples were heated at various temperatures in the 133–400 °C temperature region, typically the operation window of a SCR catalyst. After heating, the samples were cooled to room temperature and measured in FTIR. The obtained spectra were compared with various literature reports to correlate the observed absorption bands to urea, urea related compounds and decomposition compounds. The concentration of these adsorbed species decreases at increased thermolysis temperature and is no longer visible at temperatures >250 °C. Extended heat treatment at 200 °C revealed only minor loss of adsorbents after 6 h and were still observable in the FTIR spectra after 24 h. Urea derived adsorbents were completely removed when simulating catalyst regeneration under SCR operation conditions under continuous air flow with a humidity of 10% and at elevated temperatures (400 °C).","PeriodicalId":20873,"journal":{"name":"Reactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79386085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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