Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1097/01.css.0000741536.13901.f3
Erik B. Gerlach, Mark A. Plantz, Alpesh A. Patel
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on March 31, 2023. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify key drivers of health care costs in spine surgery. 2. Define normal and abnormal patterns of health care utilization after elective spine surgery. 3. Explain patient-based factors that lead to predict high health care utilization among post-surgical spine patients.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。此活动将于2023年3月31日截止。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。确定脊柱外科医疗费用的主要驱动因素。2. 确定择期脊柱手术后正常和异常的医疗保健利用模式。3.解释导致预测脊柱术后患者高卫生保健利用率的基于患者的因素。
{"title":"Drivers of Costs and Predictors of Health Care Utilization After Elective Spinal Surgery","authors":"Erik B. Gerlach, Mark A. Plantz, Alpesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1097/01.css.0000741536.13901.f3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.css.0000741536.13901.f3","url":null,"abstract":"Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on March 31, 2023. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify key drivers of health care costs in spine surgery. 2. Define normal and abnormal patterns of health care utilization after elective spine surgery. 3. Explain patient-based factors that lead to predict high health care utilization among post-surgical spine patients.","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133474974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000734864.37046.9B
James Foley, W. Hsu
{"title":"Effectiveness of Bioskills Training in Spinal Surgery","authors":"James Foley, W. Hsu","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000734864.37046.9B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000734864.37046.9B","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000732584.27178.17
P. Bovonratwet, Aaron Z. Chen, Chirag H. Chaudhary, C. Gang, S. Qureshi
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on January 31, 2023. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify advantages and disadvantages of surface technologies currently used in spine surgery. 2. Describe the current application of additive manufacturing in spine surgery and its future directions.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。此活动将于2023年1月31日到期。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。识别目前用于脊柱外科的表面技术的优点和缺点。2. 描述增材制造在脊柱外科中的应用现状及其未来发展方向。
{"title":"Surface Technology: History, Basic Science, and Where We Are Today in Spine Surgery","authors":"P. Bovonratwet, Aaron Z. Chen, Chirag H. Chaudhary, C. Gang, S. Qureshi","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000732584.27178.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000732584.27178.17","url":null,"abstract":"Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on January 31, 2023. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify advantages and disadvantages of surface technologies currently used in spine surgery. 2. Describe the current application of additive manufacturing in spine surgery and its future directions.","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130115149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000725292.78555.c8
Roberto J. Perez-Roman, Jason I. Liounakos, Michael Y. Wang
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on December 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe the critical components of a telemedicine encounter. 2. Explain the basic steps of performing a physical examination remotely. 3. Identify the disadvantages and future dir ections of telemedicine in spine surgery.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。此活动将于2022年12月31日结束。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。描述远程医疗会面的关键组成部分。2. 解释远程体检的基本步骤。3.确定远程医疗在脊柱外科中的缺点和未来发展方向。
{"title":"Telemedicine in Spine Surgery: Current Concepts and Future Directions","authors":"Roberto J. Perez-Roman, Jason I. Liounakos, Michael Y. Wang","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000725292.78555.c8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000725292.78555.c8","url":null,"abstract":"Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on December 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe the critical components of a telemedicine encounter. 2. Explain the basic steps of performing a physical examination remotely. 3. Identify the disadvantages and future dir ections of telemedicine in spine surgery.","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126682846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000723300.01321.de
Nicholas C. Arpey, Alpesh A. Patel
{"title":"Patient Expectations and Spine Surgery","authors":"Nicholas C. Arpey, Alpesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000723300.01321.de","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000723300.01321.de","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000719852.30079.be
Yu-po Lee, C. Yeung, M. Oh, N. Bhatia
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on October 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe endoscopic decompression techniques. 2. Evaluate the limitations and benefits of endoscopic spine surgery in selected patients.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。此活动将于2022年10月31日结束。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。描述内窥镜减压技术。2. 评估内镜下脊柱手术对选定患者的局限性和益处。
{"title":"Endoscopic Spine Surgery","authors":"Yu-po Lee, C. Yeung, M. Oh, N. Bhatia","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000719852.30079.be","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000719852.30079.be","url":null,"abstract":"Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on October 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe endoscopic decompression techniques. 2. Evaluate the limitations and benefits of endoscopic spine surgery in selected patients.","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000717532.16116.22
W. Ryu, N. A. Mehta, J. O’toole
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on September 30, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe regional anesthetic techniques available for posterior spine surgery. 2. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of various regional anesthetic agents. 3. Explain the basic techniques of regional anesthesia as used in spine surgery.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。此活动将于2022年9月30日结束。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。描述可用于后路脊柱手术的区域麻醉技术。2. 评估不同区域麻醉剂的优势和局限性。3.解释脊柱外科区域麻醉的基本技术。
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Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000696056.33487.3f
S. Raffa, S. Burks, Michael Y. Wang
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on August 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Describe regional anatomy of the lumbosacral plexus, iliopsoas muscle, and spinal column. 2. Identify pitfalls to avoid during lateral access and anterior longitudinal ligament release surgery. 3. Interpret advanced technical aspects of the lateral lumbar retroperitoneal approach and anterior longitudinal ligament release.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。该活动将于2022年8月31日到期。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。描述腰骶神经丛、髂腰肌和脊柱的区域解剖。2. 确定在外侧通路和前纵韧带松解手术中应避免的陷阱。3.解读腰椎外侧腹膜后入路和前纵韧带松解的高级技术方面。
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Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000689552.57650.21
J. Steinberger, S. Qureshi
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on July 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Explain the evolution of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in spine surgery and identify where opportunity lies in the future. 2. Summarize the advantages of AR over standard navigation. 3. Describe how VR has been used to advance education of residents and fellows in the past 5 years.
Lippincott继续医学教育研究所，Inc.是由继续医学教育认证委员会认证的，为医生提供继续医学教育。Lippincott继续医学教育研究所(Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc.)将这种持久材料指定为最高1.5 AMA PRA第1类信用标准。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。该活动将于2022年7月31日到期。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。解释虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)在脊柱外科中的发展，并确定未来的机会在哪里。2. 总结AR相对于标准导航的优势。3.描述在过去的5年里，VR是如何被用于促进住院医师和研究员的教育的。
{"title":"The Role of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Contemporary Spine Surgery","authors":"J. Steinberger, S. Qureshi","doi":"10.1097/01.CSS.0000689552.57650.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSS.0000689552.57650.21","url":null,"abstract":"Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on July 31, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Explain the evolution of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in spine surgery and identify where opportunity lies in the future. 2. Summarize the advantages of AR over standard navigation. 3. Describe how VR has been used to advance education of residents and fellows in the past 5 years.","PeriodicalId":209002,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Spine Surgery","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125489210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000661652.29766.79
R. Nunna, Ricardo B V Fontes, John E. OʼToole
Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on April 30, 2022. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, the spine surgeon should be better able to: 1. Identify the most common and significant medical comorbid conditions encountered in the adult spinal deformity population. 2. Describe the pathophysiology of these disease states and their effect on surgical outcome. 3. Evaluate optimized surgical considerations in spinal deformity patients with significant medical comorbid conditions.
利平科特继续医学教育学院是由继续医学教育认证委员会认可的，为医生提供继续医学教育。利平科特继续医学教育研究所指定这种持久材料的最高1.5 AMA PRA 1类信用。医生只应主张与其参与活动的程度相称的功劳。要获得CME学分，您必须阅读CME文章并完成随附表格上的测验和评估评估调查，正确回答至少70%的测验问题。该活动将于2022年4月30日到期。学习目标:参加本CME活动后，脊柱外科医生应能更好地:1。确定成人脊柱畸形人群中遇到的最常见和最重要的医学合并症。2. 描述这些疾病状态的病理生理学及其对手术结果的影响。3.评估脊柱畸形患者有明显合并症的最佳手术考虑。
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