During February 2020, a 300m 3 slope failure occurred within a trunk road earthwork at Brecon, Wales, leading to the initial closure of all four lanes of the dual carriageway. As part of Welsh Government's strategy for climate resilient infrastructure and in accordance with the CD622 Managing Geotechnical Risk framework, the site investigation commenced in 2020 and proceeded through various phases to the completion of remedial works in 2022. This paper discusses the approach to management of geotechnical risk for the scheme, from desk study through implementation of an on-slope ground investigation and interim risk mitigation, to design and implementation of the remedial measures. The paper describes the nature and trigger of the landslide case study, adaptations in the design phase to provide resilience to geohazards and future climatic conditions, the constraints that were overcome during the site works and measures taken to manage residual risk and ensure ease of maintenance. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geo-resilience and infrastructure collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geo-resilience-and-infrastructure
{"title":"A40 Brecon Bypass landslide: investigation, remediation and asset management for climate resilience","authors":"Thomas W. St. John, Hana Oliphant, Matt Butler","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2024-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2024-026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During February 2020, a 300m\u0000 3\u0000 slope failure occurred within a trunk road earthwork at Brecon, Wales, leading to the initial closure of all four lanes of the dual carriageway. As part of Welsh Government's strategy for climate resilient infrastructure and in accordance with the CD622 Managing Geotechnical Risk framework, the site investigation commenced in 2020 and proceeded through various phases to the completion of remedial works in 2022. This paper discusses the approach to management of geotechnical risk for the scheme, from desk study through implementation of an on-slope ground investigation and interim risk mitigation, to design and implementation of the remedial measures. The paper describes the nature and trigger of the landslide case study, adaptations in the design phase to provide resilience to geohazards and future climatic conditions, the constraints that were overcome during the site works and measures taken to manage residual risk and ensure ease of maintenance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thematic collection:\u0000 This article is part of the Geo-resilience and infrastructure collection available at:\u0000 https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geo-resilience-and-infrastructure\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the 18th Glossop Lecture","authors":"David Hight","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2024-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2024-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The establishment of a quantitative relationship between land subsidence and its influencing factors is a crucial task to develop prevention strategies of land subsidence in specific areas. In this study, we examine the dynamic patterns of land subsidence before and after establishing the South-North Water Division Project (SNWDP) in Tianjin Plain (TJP) which aims at reducing groundwater extractions in certain areas. We used a statistical analyses to determine the key attributing factors contributing to land subsidence which was subsequently used to derive so called ‘critical water levels of land subsidence’(CWLS) used to manage groundwater extractions with objective to minimize further land subsidence. The main obtained results are as follows: Under the influence of the SNWDP, the groundwater level in the TJP has stopped declining and the water level has risen in most areas. The area of the ‘strong subsidence’, defined as the area with a rate larger than 50mm/y, has decreased from 16.0% before the SNWDP to 2.5% after the SNWDP. The results of the multi-scale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR) revealed that groundwater drawdown the 2 nd and 3 rd confined aquifer are the main contributors to the land subsidence areas which were classified as ‘strong’ and ‘medium’ land subsidence areas. Following the reduction in groundwater extractions, The behavior of surface deformation can be grouped into two categories. First, a rebound in surface elevation was observed. Second, continuous compression with lower subsidence rate. The first mode mainly occurs in the area of ‘medium’ and ‘weak’ subsidence . The second mode mainly occurs in the ‘strong subsidence’ area. Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7103611
{"title":"Unraveling influencing hydrogeological factors contributing to land subsidence in the Tianjin Plain of China by a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model and monitoring data","authors":"Zhao Long, Li Yumei, Luo Yong","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The establishment of a quantitative relationship between land subsidence and its influencing factors is a crucial task to develop prevention strategies of land subsidence in specific areas. In this study, we examine the dynamic patterns of land subsidence before and after establishing the South-North Water Division Project (SNWDP) in Tianjin Plain (TJP) which aims at reducing groundwater extractions in certain areas. We used a statistical analyses to determine the key attributing factors contributing to land subsidence which was subsequently used to derive so called ‘critical water levels of land subsidence’(CWLS) used to manage groundwater extractions with objective to minimize further land subsidence. The main obtained results are as follows: Under the influence of the SNWDP, the groundwater level in the TJP has stopped declining and the water level has risen in most areas. The area of the ‘strong subsidence’, defined as the area with a rate larger than 50mm/y, has decreased from 16.0% before the SNWDP to 2.5% after the SNWDP. The results of the multi-scale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR) revealed that groundwater drawdown the 2\u0000 nd\u0000 and 3\u0000 rd\u0000 confined aquifer are the main contributors to the land subsidence areas which were classified as ‘strong’ and ‘medium’ land subsidence areas. Following the reduction in groundwater extractions, The behavior of surface deformation can be grouped into two categories. First, a rebound in surface elevation was observed. Second, continuous compression with lower subsidence rate. The first mode mainly occurs in the area of ‘medium’ and ‘weak’ subsidence . The second mode mainly occurs in the ‘strong subsidence’ area.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Supplementary material:\u0000 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7103611\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban landslides are a deadly and costly hazard. Human actions, such as altering the grade, composition, and vegetation-cover of hillslopes, can increase the threat of mass movements. Here, we use an interdisciplinary approach to examine the spatial distribution, timing, and cause of landslides affecting a state highway and adjacent buildings along the top of a steep, urban riverbank in the mid-latitude, humid-temperate state of Vermont. Using over 100 years of mapping, photographs, and written records, we demonstrate that most mass movements in our field area occurred on slopes over-steepened by the addition of uncompacted artificial fill – added without engineering considerations. Emplaced atop glacial and post-glacial sediment with low hydraulic conductivity, the fill, having little to no cohesion, expanded buildable areas, but the new infrastructure sat on unstable ground. Over the following decades, repeated failures, (n=20), mostly shallow translational landslides in fill material along with several deeper-seated rotational slides, sent buildings, trees, and segments of road into the river below. Solutions include incentivizing the removal of structures built on fill and limiting further filling activities through changes in zoning regulations and more effective enforcement of existing municipal codes. The approach we use provides a framework for similar geographic settings and can inform urban planning and risk assessment. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology of the Anthropocene collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology-of-the-anthropocene Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7103608
{"title":"A century of urban landslides: the legacy and consequences of altering riverbank landscapes","authors":"Isabella B. Bennett, P. Bierman","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-032","url":null,"abstract":"Urban landslides are a deadly and costly hazard. Human actions, such as altering the grade, composition, and vegetation-cover of hillslopes, can increase the threat of mass movements. Here, we use an interdisciplinary approach to examine the spatial distribution, timing, and cause of landslides affecting a state highway and adjacent buildings along the top of a steep, urban riverbank in the mid-latitude, humid-temperate state of Vermont. Using over 100 years of mapping, photographs, and written records, we demonstrate that most mass movements in our field area occurred on slopes over-steepened by the addition of uncompacted artificial fill – added without engineering considerations. Emplaced atop glacial and post-glacial sediment with low hydraulic conductivity, the fill, having little to no cohesion, expanded buildable areas, but the new infrastructure sat on unstable ground. Over the following decades, repeated failures, (n=20), mostly shallow translational landslides in fill material along with several deeper-seated rotational slides, sent buildings, trees, and segments of road into the river below. Solutions include incentivizing the removal of structures built on fill and limiting further filling activities through changes in zoning regulations and more effective enforcement of existing municipal codes. The approach we use provides a framework for similar geographic settings and can inform urban planning and risk assessment.\u0000 \u0000 Thematic collection:\u0000 This article is part of the Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology of the Anthropocene collection available at:\u0000 https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology-of-the-anthropocene\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Supplementary material:\u0000 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7103608\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huaichang Yu, Zirui Wang, Zhongyu Zhang, Zhuoran Wang
Creep and acoustic emission tests were conducted under uniaxial compression on sandstone samples with 0, 1, and 2 prefabricated fractures collected from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir area using the RLJW-2000 rock microcomputer-controlled rheology servo test system and the PCI-2 acoustic emission testing equipment, respectively. The change laws of the acoustic emission amplitudes, peak frequencies, acoustic emission events, and b values of samples with different fracture numbers were systematically analyzed. The differences between the prediction made by acoustic emission b value and cumulative ringing count for the precursor time of creep failure in a rock mass was comparatively studied, thereby identifying the effects of fracture number on the creep and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone. According to the study results: (1) With the increase in the prefabricated fracture number, the acoustic emission signal counts of samples increased within the amplitude intervals of 60–80 dB and 80–100 dB. The signal counts were especially high in the high-amplitude interval of 80–100 dB, but they decreased within the low-amplitude interval of 45–60 dB. (2) Under each stress level, the total acoustic emission event counts generated by the single-fracture and double-fracture samples were 1.90 and 2.36 times that generated by the intact sample, respectively. Under the last stress level, the event counts generated by the single-fracture and double-fracture samples were 4.64 and 6.19 times the event count generated by the intact sample, respectively. A higher prefabricated fracture number implied higher total acoustic emission event counts generated by samples and higher acoustic emission event counts generated under the last stress level. (3) Under the same stress level, the frequency band concentration of the acoustic emission signals of samples became more pronounced as the prefabricated fracture number increased. Under the last stress level, as the prefabricated fracture number increased, the peak frequencies of the acoustic emission signals of samples were concentrated in more numbers of frequency ranges (four, seven, and eight frequency ranges, respectively). (4) With the increase in the prefabricated fracture number, the average acoustic emission b values of samples presented an overall declining trend, with an increased Δ b range. (5) The plunge rates of the acoustic emission b values of the single-fracture and double-fracture samples before accelerated creep failure increased by 8.0% and 11.2%, respectively, as compared with the intact sample. (6) The acoustic emission b value curves and cumulative ringing count curves of samples with different fracture numbers predicted creep failure in rock mass earlier than the strain curves. For all samples, the precursor time points of creep failure in rock mass predicted by acoustic emission b value curves were all earlier than those predicted by corresponding cumulative ringing count curves. As t
利用RLJW-2000岩石微机控制流变伺服试验系统和PCI-2声发射试验设备，分别对小浪底储层区采集的0、1、2条预制裂缝的砂岩样品进行了单轴压缩蠕变试验和声发射试验。系统分析了不同断裂数样品的声发射振幅、峰值频率、声发射事件和 b 值的变化规律。比较研究了声发射 b 值和累积振铃次数对岩体蠕变破坏前兆时间预测的差异，从而确定了断裂数对砂岩蠕变和声发射特性的影响。研究结果表明：（1）随着预制断裂数的增加，样品的声发射信号计数在 60-80 dB 和 80-100 dB 的振幅区间内增加。特别是在 80-100 dB 的高振幅区间内，信号数量较多，但在 45-60 dB 的低振幅区间内，信号数量有所减少。(2) 在每个应力水平下，单断口和双断口样品产生的声发射事件总数分别是完整样品的 1.90 倍和 2.36 倍。在最后一个应力水平下，单断口和双断口样品产生的事件数分别是完整样品的 4.64 倍和 6.19 倍。预制断裂数量越多，意味着样品产生的声发射事件总计数越高，在最后一个应力水平下产生的声发射事件计数也越高。(3) 在同一应力水平下，随着预制断裂数的增加，样品声发射信号的频带集中度越高。在最后一个应力水平下，随着预制断裂数目的增加，样品声发射信号的峰值频率集中在更多的频段（分别为 4 个、7 个和 8 个频段）。(4）随着预制断裂数的增加，样品的平均声发射 b 值总体呈下降趋势，Δ b 范围增大。(5) 与完整样品相比，加速蠕变失效前的单断口和双断口样品的声发射 b 值的骤降率分别增加了 8.0% 和 11.2%。(6) 不同断裂数样品的声发射 b 值曲线和累积振铃次数曲线比应变曲线更早地预测了岩体的蠕变破坏。对于所有样品，声发射 b 值曲线预测的岩体蠕变破坏前兆时间点均早于相应的累积振铃次数曲线预测的时间点。随着预制裂缝数量的增加，声发射 b 值曲线预测的岩体蠕变破坏前兆时间点更早。 专题文集：本文是 "人类世工程地质与水文地质学 "论文集的一部分，可从以下网址获取：https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology-of-the-anthropocene
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Effects of Fracture Number on the Creep and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandstone","authors":"Huaichang Yu, Zirui Wang, Zhongyu Zhang, Zhuoran Wang","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Creep and acoustic emission tests were conducted under uniaxial compression on sandstone samples with 0, 1, and 2 prefabricated fractures collected from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir area using the RLJW-2000 rock microcomputer-controlled rheology servo test system and the PCI-2 acoustic emission testing equipment, respectively. The change laws of the acoustic emission amplitudes, peak frequencies, acoustic emission events, and b values of samples with different fracture numbers were systematically analyzed. The differences between the prediction made by acoustic emission b value and cumulative ringing count for the precursor time of creep failure in a rock mass was comparatively studied, thereby identifying the effects of fracture number on the creep and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone. According to the study results: (1) With the increase in the prefabricated fracture number, the acoustic emission signal counts of samples increased within the amplitude intervals of 60–80 dB and 80–100 dB. The signal counts were especially high in the high-amplitude interval of 80–100 dB, but they decreased within the low-amplitude interval of 45–60 dB. (2) Under each stress level, the total acoustic emission event counts generated by the single-fracture and double-fracture samples were 1.90 and 2.36 times that generated by the intact sample, respectively. Under the last stress level, the event counts generated by the single-fracture and double-fracture samples were 4.64 and 6.19 times the event count generated by the intact sample, respectively. A higher prefabricated fracture number implied higher total acoustic emission event counts generated by samples and higher acoustic emission event counts generated under the last stress level. (3) Under the same stress level, the frequency band concentration of the acoustic emission signals of samples became more pronounced as the prefabricated fracture number increased. Under the last stress level, as the prefabricated fracture number increased, the peak frequencies of the acoustic emission signals of samples were concentrated in more numbers of frequency ranges (four, seven, and eight frequency ranges, respectively). (4) With the increase in the prefabricated fracture number, the average acoustic emission b values of samples presented an overall declining trend, with an increased\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Δ\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 b range. (5) The plunge rates of the acoustic emission b values of the single-fracture and double-fracture samples before accelerated creep failure increased by 8.0% and 11.2%, respectively, as compared with the intact sample. (6) The acoustic emission b value curves and cumulative ringing count curves of samples with different fracture numbers predicted creep failure in rock mass earlier than the strain curves. For all samples, the precursor time points of creep failure in rock mass predicted by acoustic emission b value curves were all earlier than those predicted by corresponding cumulative ringing count curves. As t","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun Wu, Zhengce Huang, Chao Lyu, Jian Lin, Lei Wang, Ya-Heng Cao
In this study, a series of physical properties of granite were tested after different cooling treatments. Correspondingly, Brazilian splitting combined with acoustic emission testing was conducted on five groups of granite samples at different temperature levels, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of granite. It was found that the P-wave velocity, hardness and thermal conductivity decreased with rising temperature. The tensile strength of granite was deteriorated by temperature action, and the progression of cracks was monitored using AE technology. The scanning electron microscopy results also indicated a significant increase in both number and density of cracks in the granite samples subjected to temperature variations compared to the naturally cooled group. In addition, after heating and cooling at different temperatures, samples with lower tensile strength exhibited rougher fracture surfaces, attributing to the generation of more thermal cracks during the heating and cooling processes. Moreover, a variation mechanism for granite after temperature treatment was proposed.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on physical and tensile mechanical properties of granite after different heating/cooling treatments","authors":"Yun Wu, Zhengce Huang, Chao Lyu, Jian Lin, Lei Wang, Ya-Heng Cao","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a series of physical properties of granite were tested after different cooling treatments. Correspondingly, Brazilian splitting combined with acoustic emission testing was conducted on five groups of granite samples at different temperature levels, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of granite. It was found that the P-wave velocity, hardness and thermal conductivity decreased with rising temperature. The tensile strength of granite was deteriorated by temperature action, and the progression of cracks was monitored using AE technology. The scanning electron microscopy results also indicated a significant increase in both number and density of cracks in the granite samples subjected to temperature variations compared to the naturally cooled group. In addition, after heating and cooling at different temperatures, samples with lower tensile strength exhibited rougher fracture surfaces, attributing to the generation of more thermal cracks during the heating and cooling processes. Moreover, a variation mechanism for granite after temperature treatment was proposed.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on the 18 th Glossop Lecture, asking why, in engineering, ‘understanding the ground’ is critical for the safety and financial success of the project, and yet ground conditions are still frequently misunderstood. It explores what blocks both our understanding of ground variability and the associated risks, why some sediments are predictably more variable than others, and why variability can actually be a good thing. Examples from the Lambeth Group (56.25 to 55 million years) and the London Clay Formation (54.5 to 51.5 million years) of SE England are used (Figure 1) , but most of the concepts covered are also relevant to many other ages and similar types of sedimentary geology, worldwide.
{"title":"The 18\u0000 th\u0000 Glossop Lecture: Variability and ground hazards: How does the ground get to be 'unexpected'?","authors":"J. A. Skipper","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2024-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2024-008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is based on the 18\u0000 th\u0000 Glossop Lecture, asking why, in engineering, ‘understanding the ground’ is critical for the safety and financial success of the project, and yet ground conditions are still frequently misunderstood. It explores what blocks both our understanding of ground variability and the associated risks, why some sediments are predictably more variable than others, and why variability can actually be a good thing. Examples from the Lambeth Group (56.25 to 55 million years) and the London Clay Formation (54.5 to 51.5 million years) of SE England are used (Figure 1) , but most of the concepts covered are also relevant to many other ages and similar types of sedimentary geology, worldwide.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fast-moving, rainfall-induced debris flow events are relatively common in the mountainous areas of the UK. The mechanisms of rainfall-induced, fast-moving debris flows are considered as they bridge between slow mass movements and flood phenomena. A series of case studies of debris flow impacts from Scotland and overseas will be described. The assessment of landslide hazards and risks is an essential precursor to landslide risk reduction. This is particularly the case when an authority is responsible for an infrastructure or building portfolio that may be affected by multiple hazards. A framework for risk acceptance is used to set the context, and the use of a semi-quantitative assessment to determine the sites of highest risk is described. These highest risk sites are subject to quantitative risk assessments for road user fatalities as a result of debris flows. A novel approach is taken to assess the socio-economic risks and the use of fragility curves to articulate the vulnerability of road infrastructure, including the newly-developed approach involving systems of assets, is also described. The effects of climate change are considered alongside likely social and/or demographic change. A strategic approach to landslide risk reduction is used to illustrate how a clear focus on the overall goal of risk reduction can be beneficial in developing an effective strategy before homing in on the desired outcomes and the generic approach to achieving those outcomes.
{"title":"The John Mitchell Lecture 2023: Road Asset, Socioeconomic and Fatality Risk from Debris Flow","authors":"M. G. Winter","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-167","url":null,"abstract":"Fast-moving, rainfall-induced debris flow events are relatively common in the mountainous areas of the UK. The mechanisms of rainfall-induced, fast-moving debris flows are considered as they bridge between slow mass movements and flood phenomena. A series of case studies of debris flow impacts from Scotland and overseas will be described. The assessment of landslide hazards and risks is an essential precursor to landslide risk reduction. This is particularly the case when an authority is responsible for an infrastructure or building portfolio that may be affected by multiple hazards. A framework for risk acceptance is used to set the context, and the use of a semi-quantitative assessment to determine the sites of highest risk is described. These highest risk sites are subject to quantitative risk assessments for road user fatalities as a result of debris flows. A novel approach is taken to assess the socio-economic risks and the use of fragility curves to articulate the vulnerability of road infrastructure, including the newly-developed approach involving systems of assets, is also described. The effects of climate change are considered alongside likely social and/or demographic change. A strategic approach to landslide risk reduction is used to illustrate how a clear focus on the overall goal of risk reduction can be beneficial in developing an effective strategy before homing in on the desired outcomes and the generic approach to achieving those outcomes.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fast-moving, rainfall-induced debris flow events are relatively common in the mountainous areas of the UK. The mechanisms of rainfall-induced, fast-moving debris flows are considered as they bridge between slow mass movements and flood phenomena. A series of case studies of debris flow impacts from Scotland and overseas will be described. The assessment of landslide hazards and risks is an essential precursor to landslide risk reduction. This is particularly the case when an authority is responsible for an infrastructure or building portfolio that may be affected by multiple hazards. A framework for risk acceptance is used to set the context, and the use of a semi-quantitative assessment to determine the sites of highest risk is described. These highest risk sites are subject to quantitative risk assessments for road user fatalities as a result of debris flows. A novel approach is taken to assess the socio-economic risks and the use of fragility curves to articulate the vulnerability of road infrastructure, including the newly-developed approach involving systems of assets, is also described. The effects of climate change are considered alongside likely social and/or demographic change. A strategic approach to landslide risk reduction is used to illustrate how a clear focus on the overall goal of risk reduction can be beneficial in developing an effective strategy before homing in on the desired outcomes and the generic approach to achieving those outcomes.
{"title":"The John Mitchell Lecture 2023: Road Asset, Socioeconomic and Fatality Risk from Debris Flow","authors":"M. G. Winter","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-167","url":null,"abstract":"Fast-moving, rainfall-induced debris flow events are relatively common in the mountainous areas of the UK. The mechanisms of rainfall-induced, fast-moving debris flows are considered as they bridge between slow mass movements and flood phenomena. A series of case studies of debris flow impacts from Scotland and overseas will be described. The assessment of landslide hazards and risks is an essential precursor to landslide risk reduction. This is particularly the case when an authority is responsible for an infrastructure or building portfolio that may be affected by multiple hazards. A framework for risk acceptance is used to set the context, and the use of a semi-quantitative assessment to determine the sites of highest risk is described. These highest risk sites are subject to quantitative risk assessments for road user fatalities as a result of debris flows. A novel approach is taken to assess the socio-economic risks and the use of fragility curves to articulate the vulnerability of road infrastructure, including the newly-developed approach involving systems of assets, is also described. The effects of climate change are considered alongside likely social and/or demographic change. A strategic approach to landslide risk reduction is used to illustrate how a clear focus on the overall goal of risk reduction can be beneficial in developing an effective strategy before homing in on the desired outcomes and the generic approach to achieving those outcomes.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper presents an investigation of aquifer structure using a combination of gravity and seismic analyses, calibrated by hydrogeological data. This work illustrates how crucial it is to study geological structures and fault network as preliminary work to understand water and pollutant flow systems and aquifer vulnerability, especially with the increased frequency of drought events and climate change pressures. A Plio-Quaternary coastal northeastern aquifer in Tunisia was chosen as the study case. First, a hydrogeological approach was performed using water wells, and piezometers data shows an important fluctuation in the piezometric level and a notable depression in the piezometric surface observed in the southern part of the study area. Secondly, gravity data were analyzed and calibrated by a seismic profile. The results demonstrate the presence of shallow NE-SW faults less than 300 m under the region's principal wadis as well as deeper faults of varying depths (from 400 m to 2600 m) that influence the basin structure, aquifer geometry, and resulting water flow. The combination of those approaches revealed that the variation of the aquifer thickness, piezometric surface depression zones, and groundwater flow is mainly controlled by the shallow and deep geological structures and their tectonic reactivation.
{"title":"Structure of the Plio-Quaternary Coastal Aquifer (Mediterranean basin, Tunisia): Insights from Gravity and Seismic Analysis","authors":"Sana Ayari, Nesrine Ghouili, H. Gabtni, L. Zouhri","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-084","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper presents an investigation of aquifer structure using a combination of gravity and seismic analyses, calibrated by hydrogeological data. This work illustrates how crucial it is to study geological structures and fault network as preliminary work to understand water and pollutant flow systems and aquifer vulnerability, especially with the increased frequency of drought events and climate change pressures. A Plio-Quaternary coastal northeastern aquifer in Tunisia was chosen as the study case.\u0000 First, a hydrogeological approach was performed using water wells, and piezometers data shows an important fluctuation in the piezometric level and a notable depression in the piezometric surface observed in the southern part of the study area.\u0000 Secondly, gravity data were analyzed and calibrated by a seismic profile. The results demonstrate the presence of shallow NE-SW faults less than 300 m under the region's principal wadis as well as deeper faults of varying depths (from 400 m to 2600 m) that influence the basin structure, aquifer geometry, and resulting water flow.\u0000 The combination of those approaches revealed that the variation of the aquifer thickness, piezometric surface depression zones, and groundwater flow is mainly controlled by the shallow and deep geological structures and their tectonic reactivation.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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