N. Bollot, Guillaume Pierre, A. Devos, P. Lutz, Sarah Ortonovi
Investigations of hydric and hydrogeological mechanisms that contribute to the current reactivation of mass-movements feed predictive models that can be useful for risk management. Ours are based on an approach combining 1/ a large scale analysis of the landforms, using LiDAR imagery and field observations, 2/ a characterization of the groundwater (piezometry, conductivity and temperature), both in the landslide and in the stable slope, and 3/ electrical resistivity profiles. These combined data allow the reconstruction of the structure of the landslide to determine its influence on groundwater flow. The Saint Maur landslide bars the main aquifer of the Upper Ypresian sands whose slow flow results in lower piezometric level fluctuations and stronger mineralization than found in the unconfined aquifer on either side of the slip. The confined aquifer emptying occurs through the sliding plane so that the landslide aquifer is fed essentially by capillary rise from the shear plane and to a lesser extent by surface infiltration. Therefore, the amount of water in the landslide and the resulting probability of mass movement are weakly correlated with rainfall events. In addition, the wide dispersion of the conductivity values of the landslide aquifer reflects a weak mixing of the water. Groundwater circulation modelling allows to correct in situ – i.e. underground – the flows causing reactivations, and confirms stabilization by hydro-geological action to be more efficient than a surface drainage.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Role of water in destabilizing slopes collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/role-of-water-in-destabilizing-slopes
{"title":"Hydrogeology of a landslide: a case study in the Montagne de Reims (Paris basin, France)","authors":"N. Bollot, Guillaume Pierre, A. Devos, P. Lutz, Sarah Ortonovi","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-041","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of hydric and hydrogeological mechanisms that contribute to the current reactivation of mass-movements feed predictive models that can be useful for risk management. Ours are based on an approach combining 1/ a large scale analysis of the landforms, using LiDAR imagery and field observations, 2/ a characterization of the groundwater (piezometry, conductivity and temperature), both in the landslide and in the stable slope, and 3/ electrical resistivity profiles. These combined data allow the reconstruction of the structure of the landslide to determine its influence on groundwater flow. The Saint Maur landslide bars the main aquifer of the Upper Ypresian sands whose slow flow results in lower piezometric level fluctuations and stronger mineralization than found in the unconfined aquifer on either side of the slip. The confined aquifer emptying occurs through the sliding plane so that the landslide aquifer is fed essentially by capillary rise from the shear plane and to a lesser extent by surface infiltration. Therefore, the amount of water in the landslide and the resulting probability of mass movement are weakly correlated with rainfall events. In addition, the wide dispersion of the conductivity values of the landslide aquifer reflects a weak mixing of the water. Groundwater circulation modelling allows to correct in situ – i.e. underground – the flows causing reactivations, and confirms stabilization by hydro-geological action to be more efficient than a surface drainage.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Role of water in destabilizing slopes collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/role-of-water-in-destabilizing-slopes","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Sajjad Karrari, M. Heidari, J. Hamidi, Mohammad Khaleghi-Esfahani, E. S. Teshnizi
First of all, the authors would like to thank Nick Shirlaw for his interest in the paper and for providing us with the opportunity to present additional comments and clarify certain aspects of our paper that may not have been clear.
{"title":"Reply to the discussion on ‘Predicting tunnel boring machine penetration rate utilizing geomechanical properties’ by Karrari et al. 2022 (QJEGH, 55, qjegh2021-126)","authors":"Seyed Sajjad Karrari, M. Heidari, J. Hamidi, Mohammad Khaleghi-Esfahani, E. S. Teshnizi","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-070","url":null,"abstract":"First of all, the authors would like to thank Nick Shirlaw for his interest in the paper and for providing us with the opportunity to present additional comments and clarify certain aspects of our paper that may not have been clear.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Thomas, MJ Riding, Jdf Robinson, Sja Brown, C. Taylor
Ammonium is a common contaminant found in the soils and groundwater at former gasworks, associated with historical gas production and the storage and disposal of by-product. However, it can also be present in groundwater at gasworks sites from a variety of natural and other anthropogenic sources. This study evaluates the use of nitrogen isotope analysis at eight former gasworks sites in the UK, as a forensic tool to differentiate between ammonium from gasworks and non-gasworks sources. It also provides an understanding of how the parent coal, gas making technology and by-product processing can influence the presence of ammonium on a former gasworks and the importance of understanding the site layout when sampling.Results of this study indicate that, gasworks sources would be typically indicated by a δ15N of between -3.2‰ and +10.7‰, which correlate to published isotopic ranges specifically for coal and coal by-products. This broad range includes published values for the isotopic signature of parent coal (δ15N -3.2‰ to +6.3‰,), Coal pyrolysis residue/tar (δ15N +4.2‰ to +10.7‰,), gas purifier waste (δ15N +2‰ to +5‰) and coking works derived ammonium sulfate (δ15N -0.5‰). This suggests that gas purification waste may have a distinct isotopic range as compared to coal tar, a finding supported by results from Site A. Gasworks-sourced nitrogen typically had a lower δ15N value than non-gasworks sources and predominantly in the δ15N(NH4) form. This study demonstrates nitrogen isotope analysis, coupled with traditional hydrochemistry and a detailed site investigation and is shown to have potential for use as part of the environmental forensic toolkit.
{"title":"Distinguishing Sources of Ammonium in Groundwater at Former Gasworks sites using Nitrogen Isotopes.","authors":"R. Thomas, MJ Riding, Jdf Robinson, Sja Brown, C. Taylor","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-139","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium is a common contaminant found in the soils and groundwater at former gasworks, associated with historical gas production and the storage and disposal of by-product. However, it can also be present in groundwater at gasworks sites from a variety of natural and other anthropogenic sources. This study evaluates the use of nitrogen isotope analysis at eight former gasworks sites in the UK, as a forensic tool to differentiate between ammonium from gasworks and non-gasworks sources. It also provides an understanding of how the parent coal, gas making technology and by-product processing can influence the presence of ammonium on a former gasworks and the importance of understanding the site layout when sampling.Results of this study indicate that, gasworks sources would be typically indicated by a δ15N of between -3.2‰ and +10.7‰, which correlate to published isotopic ranges specifically for coal and coal by-products. This broad range includes published values for the isotopic signature of parent coal (δ15N -3.2‰ to +6.3‰,), Coal pyrolysis residue/tar (δ15N +4.2‰ to +10.7‰,), gas purifier waste (δ15N +2‰ to +5‰) and coking works derived ammonium sulfate (δ15N -0.5‰). This suggests that gas purification waste may have a distinct isotopic range as compared to coal tar, a finding supported by results from Site A. Gasworks-sourced nitrogen typically had a lower δ15N value than non-gasworks sources and predominantly in the δ15N(NH4) form. This study demonstrates nitrogen isotope analysis, coupled with traditional hydrochemistry and a detailed site investigation and is shown to have potential for use as part of the environmental forensic toolkit.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Northumbrian Water abstract groundwater from the Fell Sandstone Formation (part of the Carboniferous Border Group) in north Northumberland, which is a groundwater-only water resource zone providing drinking water to Berwick-Upon-Tweed and surrounding area.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrogeology-of-sandstone
{"title":"A revised hydrogeological conceptual model of the Fell Sandstone Aquifer, Northumberland and its impact on interpretation of long-term nitrate trends","authors":"J. Dearlove, M. Swartz","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-018","url":null,"abstract":"Northumbrian Water abstract groundwater from the Fell Sandstone Formation (part of the Carboniferous Border Group) in north Northumberland, which is a groundwater-only water resource zone providing drinking water to Berwick-Upon-Tweed and surrounding area.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrogeology-of-sandstone","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Good evening ladies and gentlemen and welcome to you all in this wonderful setting. It is indeed an honour, and gives me great pleasure, to introduce to you past-president David Shilston, who will this evening present the 21st Glossop Lecture.
{"title":"Introduction to the Twenty-first Glossop Lecture","authors":"D. French","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-071","url":null,"abstract":"Good evening ladies and gentlemen and welcome to you all in this wonderful setting. It is indeed an honour, and gives me great pleasure, to introduce to you past-president David Shilston, who will this evening present the 21st Glossop Lecture.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44867127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How did the geology and geomorphology of a site become the way it is today? And what are the practical engineering geological applications of that knowledge to civil engineering and environmental projects? The answer is much more than a description of the materials logged in an excavation or a borehole, or a description of a site's geological history. It requires a mental time machine that enables us to investigate and understand the conditions, processes and materials that occur over geological time and recently (including human-induced, anthropogenic impacts).In this paper, by means of some short case study examples, I explore and describe how the application of a time machine approach is an essential tool for engineering geologists, both in the field and back at their desks.
{"title":"The 21st Glossop Lecture: Engineering geology and the geoscience time machine","authors":"D. Shilston","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-026","url":null,"abstract":"How did the geology and geomorphology of a site become the way it is today? And what are the practical engineering geological applications of that knowledge to civil engineering and environmental projects? The answer is much more than a description of the materials logged in an excavation or a borehole, or a description of a site's geological history. It requires a mental time machine that enables us to investigate and understand the conditions, processes and materials that occur over geological time and recently (including human-induced, anthropogenic impacts).In this paper, by means of some short case study examples, I explore and describe how the application of a time machine approach is an essential tool for engineering geologists, both in the field and back at their desks.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors have analysed approximately 20 km of tunnelling using a double shielded hard rock TBM. The study is interesting because the tunnelling encountered a variety of rock types, providing a comparison of the field performance.
{"title":"Discussion on ‘Predicting tunnel boring machine penetration rate utilizing geomechanical properties’ by Karrari et al. 2022 (QJEGH, 55, qjegh2021-126)","authors":"J. Nick Shirlaw","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-045","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have analysed approximately 20 km of tunnelling using a double shielded hard rock TBM. The study is interesting because the tunnelling encountered a variety of rock types, providing a comparison of the field performance.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44977797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the action of periodic seismic disturbance stress, the rock mass surrounding buried structures will show fatigue damage under the action of cyclic load. In order to explore the fatigue characteristics and mechanical degradation mechanism of this kind of rock mass under seismic stress wave, fatigue loading and uniaxial compression tests were carried out on gypsum rock samples. The conclusions are as follows: With the increase of seismic wave amplitude, the stress loading and unloading velocity gradually increases, and the opening of the stress-strain hysteresis loop gradually increases; With the increase of seismic wave frequency, the dip Angle of hysteresis loops gradually incline to σ axis, and the variation amplitude of hysteresis loops on ε axis decreases gradually. It shows that the greater the amplitude of seismic wave, the lower the frequency, the greater the damage of rock. Under the seismic wave disturbance, with the increase of the number of disturbances, the original cracks in the sample gradually spread and infiltrated, and the secondary cracks gradually developed, indicating that the physical and mechanical properties of the rock gradually deteriorated under the seismic wave disturbance. There is a strong correlation between the acoustic emission phenomenon of samples and the stages of the stress-time curve in the whole process of uniaxial compression. According to the acoustic emission characteristics, the stress-time curve in the whole process of uniaxial compression can be divided into four stages: initial loading stage, stable crack growth stage, unstable crack growth to failure stage, and post-peak stage. Compared with the sample before fatigue, the peak strain decreases significantly and the impact energy index increases significantly after fatigue loading. It indicates that some original cracks in the sample are compressed under seismic disturbance, the brittleness of the sample is enhanced, and the rockburst tendency is greatly enhanced.
{"title":"Study on mechanical degradation mechanism of rock under seismic disturbance stress","authors":"Pan Yisha, Wang Chongyang, Wang Yidi","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-007","url":null,"abstract":"During the action of periodic seismic disturbance stress, the rock mass surrounding buried structures will show fatigue damage under the action of cyclic load. In order to explore the fatigue characteristics and mechanical degradation mechanism of this kind of rock mass under seismic stress wave, fatigue loading and uniaxial compression tests were carried out on gypsum rock samples. The conclusions are as follows: With the increase of seismic wave amplitude, the stress loading and unloading velocity gradually increases, and the opening of the stress-strain hysteresis loop gradually increases; With the increase of seismic wave frequency, the dip Angle of hysteresis loops gradually incline to σ axis, and the variation amplitude of hysteresis loops on ε axis decreases gradually. It shows that the greater the amplitude of seismic wave, the lower the frequency, the greater the damage of rock. Under the seismic wave disturbance, with the increase of the number of disturbances, the original cracks in the sample gradually spread and infiltrated, and the secondary cracks gradually developed, indicating that the physical and mechanical properties of the rock gradually deteriorated under the seismic wave disturbance. There is a strong correlation between the acoustic emission phenomenon of samples and the stages of the stress-time curve in the whole process of uniaxial compression. According to the acoustic emission characteristics, the stress-time curve in the whole process of uniaxial compression can be divided into four stages: initial loading stage, stable crack growth stage, unstable crack growth to failure stage, and post-peak stage. Compared with the sample before fatigue, the peak strain decreases significantly and the impact energy index increases significantly after fatigue loading. It indicates that some original cracks in the sample are compressed under seismic disturbance, the brittleness of the sample is enhanced, and the rockburst tendency is greatly enhanced.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The benefits of InSAR to the civil engineering industry have been demonstrated on many occasions, however there is still a limited uptake by end-users, due to perceived differences between data providers and uncertainty around how to interpret results. This paper critically compares three datasets for London: Radarsat-2 (RS2) from 2011 to 2015, TerraSAR-X (TSX) from 2011 to 2017, and Sentinel-1 (STL1) from 2015 to 2017. Two of the datasets (TSX & RS2) were processed by commercial data providers, while the STL1 data were processed using ENVI® SARscape® by the authors. The results show an inverse relationship between the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and absolute total displacement of Persistent Scatterers (PS). There is a strong correlation between datasets for total displacement greater than 5 mm, but a weak or no correlation in the 0-3 mm range. Consequently, standard commercial InSAR datasets, processed with no a priori knowledge of the area of interest, have error margins below 3-5 mm but correctly detect all deformation phenomena exceeding this threshold. RS2-TSX both capture the spatial extent of the investigated area of dewatering induced subsidence, however STL1 measures a much broader, less pronounced zone of heave than TSX.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets
{"title":"Are measured InSAR displacements a function of the chosen processing method?","authors":"J. Scoular, R. Ghail, P. Mason, Jamesf . Lawrence","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-049","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of InSAR to the civil engineering industry have been demonstrated on many occasions, however there is still a limited uptake by end-users, due to perceived differences between data providers and uncertainty around how to interpret results. This paper critically compares three datasets for London: Radarsat-2 (RS2) from 2011 to 2015, TerraSAR-X (TSX) from 2011 to 2017, and Sentinel-1 (STL1) from 2015 to 2017. Two of the datasets (TSX & RS2) were processed by commercial data providers, while the STL1 data were processed using ENVI® SARscape® by the authors. The results show an inverse relationship between the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and absolute total displacement of Persistent Scatterers (PS). There is a strong correlation between datasets for total displacement greater than 5 mm, but a weak or no correlation in the 0-3 mm range. Consequently, standard commercial InSAR datasets, processed with no a priori knowledge of the area of interest, have error margins below 3-5 mm but correctly detect all deformation phenomena exceeding this threshold. RS2-TSX both capture the spatial extent of the investigated area of dewatering induced subsidence, however STL1 measures a much broader, less pronounced zone of heave than TSX.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64018397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The large number of remote sensing datasets available necessitates the development of efficient methods when assessing change between such data. A series of techniques, optimising the analysis of change detection, specifically on large remote sensing dataset collections, is demonstrated. Iterative (online) statistical measures for mean and standard deviation give the ability to gain a measure of change over potentially hundreds of datasets without excessive computing power being needed. From this, the coefficient of variation can be used to provide further insight. Using such measures, seasonal change can be detected on outcrop (as opposed to vegetation), illustrating that change detection can be used to further extend a spectral signature for rocks. Twelve Sentinel-2 scenes over a three-year period were used in this study.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets
{"title":"Innovative use of change detection in large numbers of satellite scenes, with geological applications","authors":"P. Cole, H. Coetzee","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-048","url":null,"abstract":"The large number of remote sensing datasets available necessitates the development of efficient methods when assessing change between such data. A series of techniques, optimising the analysis of change detection, specifically on large remote sensing dataset collections, is demonstrated. Iterative (online) statistical measures for mean and standard deviation give the ability to gain a measure of change over potentially hundreds of datasets without excessive computing power being needed. From this, the coefficient of variation can be used to provide further insight. Using such measures, seasonal change can be detected on outcrop (as opposed to vegetation), illustrating that change detection can be used to further extend a spectral signature for rocks. Twelve Sentinel-2 scenes over a three-year period were used in this study.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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