Respuestas最新文献

{"title":"CO2 flux behavior in the maritorium of San Andres Islands on 2019","authors":"Juan Guillermo Popayán-Hernández, Orlando Zúñiga-Escobar","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2336","url":null,"abstract":"This document estimated the behavior of the CO2 flux in the San Andres Islas maritime for the first half of 2019. This behavior was established based on the thermodynamic relationship between the sea surface temperature, the partial pressures of CO2 in the atmosphere and the water column, this from data derived from remote sensors. The satellite data were derived from the MODIS aqua sensors and the MERRA model for sea surface temperature and wind speed respectively. Satellite images were obtained from NASA databases, subsequently processed and specialized in ArcGis 10.1. Finally, the behavior of the CO2 flux is shown for the San Andres Islas maritime, finding that it does not have a tendency to capture CO2, so acidification processes are discarded for the selected study period.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83821997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the quality of the silage obtained from the uniformization pruning in intensive silvopastoral systems","authors":"Juan David Londoño-Carmona, Liliana Mahecha-Ledezma, Joaquín Angulo-Arizala","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2822","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present work was to evaluate the nutritional composition of the silage made from the material collected from the uniformization pruning in an intensive SSP with buttercup. (Tithonia diversifolia) y tilo (Sambucus nigra), and mixed in different proportions with sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and King grass (Pennisetum hybridum), using a commercial additive of lactic acid bacteria and ruiminal content (rumination). Six treatments were evaluated with five repetitions and a weight of 10 kg per treatment, distributed as follows: T1:  25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 50% S. officinarum with commercial additive (BTCac), T2: T1 with ruiminal content (BTCru), T3: 25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 50% + P. hybridum with commercial additive (BTPac), T4: T3 with ruiminal content (BTPru) T5: 25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 25% S. officinarum + 25% P. hybridum with commercial additive (BTCPac), T6: T5 with ruiminal content (BTCPru). With the obtained data an asymmetric factorial design of two levels was carried out, the analyzed variables were: dry matter (MS), ash (CEN), crude protein (PC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin (LIG) processed by NIRS , through agreement U of A - DaryCaby and pH. The CEN presented significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (11.92%), BTCru (11.62%) and BTCPac (14.76%), BTCPru (14.80%), BTPac (14 , 66%), BTPru (13.86%), but not between additives or interaction between treatment and additives, the NDF presented significant difference (p = 0.0375) among additives (58.08% and 60.39% commercial and ruiminal content respectively), but not between treatments or interaction between additive and treatments, lignin (LIG) presented a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (5.1%) and BTCPru (7.5%) ), BTPac (7.6%), BTPru (6.8%), and interaction between additive and treatments and there was no significant difference between treatments, the pH presented a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (4.1), BTCru (4.2) and BTCPac (4.7), BTCPru (4.6), BTPac (4.6), BTPru (4.8), and there was no difference between additives or interaction between additive and treatments, the MS and Pc did not present a significant difference among treatments, or interaction between additive and treatments, with averages of 16.5% and 10.7% respectively.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72798841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of altitude and size of livestock farms on productive and reproductive aspects in the south-western region of Norte de Santander","authors":"G. M. Báez-Sandoval, Diana E. Gutiérrez-Lizarazo","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.1782","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate milk production (LP), daily gain of weight in calves (GDP), interval between births (IEP) and use of artificial insemination in Cacota, Chitagá, Pamplona, Pamplonita, Silos, and Mutiscua, a sample of farms was selected (n=113) and a direct survey was applied. Two sizes of farms were characterized: up to 10 animals (47.8%) and >10 animals (52.2%). The farms were grouped by quartiles of altitude in meters above sea level (MSNM) (Q1: 1600-2300 (n=27), Q2: 2300-2600 (n=28), Q3: 2600-2800 (n=28), Q4: 2800-3800 (n=30). The Normande race predominates (38.2%), followed by Holstein (23.0%). The presence of Normande decreases with altitude descent, being different between Q4 and Q1 (P=0.009). Genotypes of Cebuins (Gyr, Brahman) appear in Q2 and increase in Q1 (P=0.03). The PL was 5.5±0.2 L/cow*day, with higher productions in Chitagá and Mutiscua (6.4±0.6 and 6.1±0.4 L/cow*day respectively), and lower (P=0.005) in Pamplonita 4.4±0.4 L/cow*day. The GDP was 367±17 g/day, and tended to be lower (P = 0.09) in farms with up to 10 animals (336±23.3 g/day, n=46) compared to farms with more than 10 animals (393±23.7 g/day, n=53). The larger farms (>10 animals) had a lower average IEP with 393±5.5 days (n=59), compared to farms with up to 10 animals (419±11.4 days, n=54; P= 0.04). For quartile Q1, the IEP was higher (438 days, P = 0.01) than Q4 (382 days). The use of semen from nine breeds for artificial insemination was reported, 48.8% corresponding to specialized dairy breeds (Jersey 27.9%, Ayrshire 11.6%, and Holstein 9.3%), 30.2% dual purpose European breeds (Normandy 27.9%, Simmental 2.3%), and 21.0% zebuin breeds or their crosses (Gyr 11.7%, Guzera 4.7%, Girolando 2.3%, and Brahman 2.3%). The present characterization allows us to diagnose the current state of the livestock industry in the region studied and to project technical guidelines for improvement","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80475573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the six sigma methodology in the area of paste preparation of a company in the ceramic sector","authors":"Diana Carolina Alvarez-Rozo, O. Ortíz-Rodriguez, Ivanhoe Rozo-Rojas","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2825","url":null,"abstract":"At present, there are a large number of quality improvement techniques, making it difficult for companies to decide which to apply. In this research, the paste preparation area of ​​a ceramic tile manufacturing company was studied, and the result of this stage is directly reflected in the quality of the final product. The general objective was to apply the Six Sigma methodology in the paste preparation process of a ceramic company; likewise, to evaluate the measurements of the variables that intervene in the paste preparation area of ​​the productive process of a ceramic company and the causes that affect the quality. The application of the six sigma methodology requires the application of statistical tools because the term sigma represents the standard deviation of a distribution and is key to know its variability (Sharma, Bhardwaj, & Kumar, 2013). The implemented methodology is the one proposed in the DMAMC cycle: Design, Measurement, Analysis, Improvement, and Control or DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). The critical quality variables were established for each of the three stages of the pasta preparation area: raw materials, grinding, and atomization. The data obtained in the technological tests were organized in tables and graphs, to analyze the results qualitatively and quantitatively, using Minitab and SPSS. As a result, the evaluation of the paste preparation area is obtained, as well as the processing capacity of the different variables of the raw material stage, which exceeds 95%, except for the variables of loss by fire and viscosity. As for the grinding stage, the variable viscosity (Z = 1.45), with a processing capacity equivalent to approximately 85%. There are statistically significant differences. Finally, the variables of the atomization stage have a higher process capacity, 98%.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77938785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in a carbon/epoxy composite shaft, for torsional loads and rotational speed","authors":"Brian Morales-Hernández, H. Sánchez-Acevedo, G. Díaz-Ramírez","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2204","url":null,"abstract":"The study carried out is based on the analysis of the behavior of the angle-ply of a composite shaft, in terms of its resistance to torsional loads and speeds of rotation. For reference, a composite shaft of carbon fiber and an epoxy polymer matrix is optimally designed. The orientations of the laminas in the laminate were selected to ensure their manufacture by the filaments winding method. For the specific case of study, it can be concluded that the pairs of laminas with angles of 45 ° and -45 ° optimally satisfy the design parameters of the shaft. The orientations at 0 ° and 90 °, are useful when the critical speed and torsional buckling are more restrictive.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83269552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD modelling of biomass boilers - a review of the state of the art","authors":"Gabriel García-Sánchez, J. Chacón-Velasco, David Fuentes-Díaz, Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra, J. Martínez-Morales","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2462","url":null,"abstract":"Combustion is the main method of converting biomass to energy, either by direct heating systems or by boilers. By means of CFD models, it is possible to optimize the behavior of those systems and improve significantly its performance, without incurring the economic and environmental cost of experimental studies. However, modelling of biomass combustion is a complex process that requires a large number of sub-models and computational resources for a detailed description, therefore, different approaches have been developed which depend on the system and simulation objective. In this work, a review of the state of art of modelling of solid biomass combustion in the last years is presented, including classification, description and analysis of several of the main models about the subject.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83936755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of maturity in civil construction works in Colombia","authors":"H. Castro-Silva, Gonzalo Andrés Rodríguez-Cañas, Hollman Harley López-Márquez","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2668","url":null,"abstract":"Project management is one of the disciplines with the greatest academic interest in recent years, due to the importance of projects for the economy and strategic positioning of both an organization and a region or country. The maturity of project management in organizations is related to the search for a competitive advantage in the market through excellence in the projects and various models of maturity have been proposed in the organizations. The objective of this study is to characterize the maturity in the management of construction projects in Colombia, based on the perception of a representative sample of project managers in the sector. The results show that, at each of the maturity levels, such as standardization, measurement, control and continuous improvement, project managers, mostly the project management processes, have techniques and tools for project management implemented. However, the basic orientation of construction project management towards the processes of knowledge areas that make up the so-called iron triangle of projects, such as scope, schedule, budget and quality, is evident. The results of this research show the need to implement appropriate strategies by construction companies to improve the level of maturity in processes related to the management of resources (mainly human resources), project knowledge management, risk management and communication management among the different stakeholder groups of the project, in order to increase the success rate of projects in this sector. the construction.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86528810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar potential evaluation and political, economic and social analysis (PES) in the department Cesar – Colombia","authors":"M. Vanegas-Chamorro, Danilo Hernández, E. Villicaña-Ortiz","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2656","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEsta investigacion presenta la estimacion de la irradiacion directa, difusa y total del departamento del Cesar (Colombia) a traves del uso del modelo de Bird y Hulstrom y parametrizaciones del modelo de Machler e Iqbal. Los datos empleados para tal fin fueron recopilados por las estaciones meteorologicas instaladas por el Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM) y corresponden a un rango de recopilacion y analisis de mas de 20 anos comprendido entre 1993 y 2013, periodo de estudio adecuado para un estudio solarimetrico exhaustivo. Se estimaron los datos de irradiacion teniendo en cuenta cuatro tipos de escenarios climaticos que dependieron del tipo de atmosfera presente en la zona de estudio. Se encontro que el potencial solar del departamento del Cesar ubicado en la Costa Caribe colombiana, presenta promedios de irradiaciones totales que van desde 6.2 kWh/m2dia en atmosferas muy turbias hasta 6.8 kWh/m2dia en atmosferas extremadamente limpias, constituyendose en una de las regiones con mayores valores de irradiacion en Colombia. Este panorama permite visualizar el gran potencial existente en la region para la implementacion de proyectos con tecnologias solares tanto termica como fotovoltaica. Este estudio ademas fue complementado con un analisis politico, economico y social de Colombia y Estados Unidos para determinar las oportunidades de mejora en Colombia. EnglishThis research shows the estimation of direct, diffuse and total irradiation in the department of Cesar (Colombia) through the use of the Bird and Hulstrom model and parameterizations of the Machler and Iqbal model. The data used for this purpose were collected by the meteorological stations installed by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies of Colombia (IDEAM) corresponding to the range of collection and analysis with more than 20 years between 1993 and 2013, a period of study suitable for a comprehensive solarimetric study. Irradiation data were estimated taking into account four types of climate scenarios that depended on the type of atmosphere present in the study area. It was found that the solar potential of the department of Cesar, located on the Colombian Caribbean Coast, presents average total irradiations ranging from 6.2 kWh/m2day in very turbid atmospheres to 6.8 kWh/m2 day in extremely clean atmospheres, making it one of the regions with the highest irradiation values in Colombia. This panorama allows to visualize the great potential that exists in the region for the implementation of projects with both thermal and photovoltaic solar technologies. This study was also complemented with a political, economic and social analysis of Colombia compared to the United State to determine the improvement opportunities in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"31 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87969833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diseño de techos verdes y jardines verticales como sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible en edificaciones","authors":"Carlos Alexis Bonilla Granados, Alba Yajaira Sánchez Delgado, Diego Ivan Sanchez Tapiero","doi":"10.22463/0122820x.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.3206","url":null,"abstract":"La urbanización reduce las áreas verdes en entornos construidos que producen el aumento de la escorrentía, promoviendo las inundaciones en eventos de precipitación. En este trabajo se desarrolló un diseño de techos verdes y jardines verticales en las edificaciones de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia, como alternativa útil del sistema urbano de drenaje sostenible. En este sentido, se realizó el análisis estructural de las edificaciones con el software Etabs ®, en donde se comparó el diseño original con las cargas que generan las distintas categorías de techos. También, se revisaron las condiciones climáticas y ambientales para establecer las características adecuadas de los componentes de las cubiertas verdes. Se obtuvo mediante los análisis que los edificios “Bienestar” y “Civil” se encuentran capacitadas para resistir las cargas añadidas por un sistema de techo verde extensivo, siendo factible su implementación. En el diseño se generaron imágenes de los techos verdes y jardines verticales. La implementación de los sistemas de cubierta verde en las edificaciones representa una herramienta para mitigar los impactos de la urbanización y mejorar las condiciones paisajística.","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86933569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis de volátiles en el proceso de fermentado de cacao, mediante una nariz electrónica para el control de calidad del producto en Norte de Santander-Cúcuta","authors":"Alexander Flórez-Martínez, Cristhian Manuel Durán-Acevedo, Jeniffer Katerine Carrillo-Gómez","doi":"10.22463/0122820X.2955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2955","url":null,"abstract":"El presente estudio consiste de una nariz electrónica compuesta de 10 sensores de gases de tipo MQ para la clasificación de muestras de CLON ICS-95 de cacao. El desarrollo de las pruebas fue de tipo cualitativo, obteniendo una huella digital que caracterizó cada clase, las cuales fueron: Fermentado deseado: 144 horas, sobre-fermentado y mala fermentación cacao infectado con monilia. Todos los sensores usados en las diferentes pruebas fueron de material de óxidos metálicos con capacidad de medir diversos tipos de gases, butanos, propanos, alcoholes, monóxido de carbono en diferentes concentraciones, donde al hacer contacto con los volátiles asociados producen una alteración en el voltaje de salida. Las señales se adquirieron mediante un sistema de adquisición de datos basado en tarjeta Arduino y uso del software Labview, permitiendo el almacenamiento de los datos. El algoritmo para la extracción de parámetros, pre-procesamiento y procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante el uso de software Python. Los resultados se analizaron implementando análisis de componente principales PCA y ejecución de dos métodos de pre-procesamiento de datos, como el centrado y escalado de datos, logrando un porcentaje de varianza en los componentes principales de 97.8% y con el método Manhattan se obtuvo un 93.8% del porcentaje de varianza en la componente principal PC1. Con estos resultados se logró observar que el sistema de olfato electrónico fue capaz de clasificar los datos de acuerdo a las clases definidas, fermentado deseado: 144 horas, sobre-fermentado y mala fermentación cacao infectado con monilia","PeriodicalId":20991,"journal":{"name":"Respuestas","volume":"61 1","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84892915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}