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Rivet and the analysis preservation in heavy-ion collisions experiments 重离子碰撞实验中的铆钉与分析保存
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.31349/SuplRevMexFis.3.040909
Antonio Carlos Oliveira da Silva
The comparison of experimental data and theoretical predictions is important for our understanding of the mechanisms for interactions and particle production in hadron collisions, both at the Large Hadron Collider and at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider experiments. Several tools were ideated to help with that. Rivet (Robust Independent Validation of Experiment and Theory) is a framework that facilitates the comparison between measurements from high-energy physics experiments and Monte Carlo event generators able to produce outputs using the HepMC package. Rivet contains a repository with analysis algorithms developed by experiments, providing analysis documentation and preservation. The recent developments for the implementation of centrality and multiplicity classes in Rivet are presented in this contribution.
实验数据和理论预测的比较对于我们理解大型强子对撞机和相对论重离子对撞机实验中强子碰撞中相互作用和粒子产生的机制非常重要。有几个工具被用来帮助解决这个问题。Rivet(实验和理论的鲁棒独立验证)是一个框架,用于比较高能物理实验和蒙特卡罗事件生成器之间的测量结果,这些事件生成器能够使用HepMC包产生输出。Rivet包含一个由实验开发的分析算法库,提供分析文档和保存。在这个贡献中介绍了在Rivet中实现中心性和多重类的最新发展。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the shear viscosity and light quark diffusivity of QGP with two-particle correlation functions 用双粒子相关函数测定QGP的剪切粘度和轻夸克扩散系数
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040904
C. Pruneau
We discuss measurements of general balance functions recently reported by the ALICE collaboration in the context of a two-stage quark production model and towards the determination of light quark diffusivity.
我们讨论了最近由ALICE合作在两阶段夸克产生模型的背景下报道的一般平衡函数的测量和对光夸克扩散率的确定。
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引用次数: 1
Heavy Flavor and Quarkonia Physics at sPHENIX 斯芬尼克斯的重味和夸克尼亚物理
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040919
T. Marshall
The sPHENIX detector, being constructed at BNL’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), will begin measuring a plethora of Heavy Flavor and Quarkonia observables with unprecedented statistics and kinematic reach at RHIC energies starting in 2023. This includes the largest recorded sample of b-flavored hadron decays from Heavy Ion collisions at RHIC, allowing for precise probes of the QGP using charm and beauty quarks. These measurements are enabled by the excellent vertexing of the MAPS-based micro-VerTeX detector (MVTX), timing of the INTermediate silicon strip Tracker (INTT), precision tracking by the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), and the ElectroMagnetic and Hadronic Calorimetry systems (EMCal and HCal, respectively), the latter of which is deployed for the first time at RHIC. The sPHENIX collaboration has created the reconstruction software stack as well as realistic data simulations, which allow for testing and optimization of the software and physics selections.
在BNL的相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)上建造的sPHENIX探测器将从2023年开始以前所未有的统计数据和RHIC能量的运动范围测量大量的重味和夸克观测值。这包括RHIC重离子碰撞中b味强子衰变的最大记录样本,允许使用魅力夸克和美丽夸克对QGP进行精确探测。这些测量是由基于map的微顶点探测器(MVTX)的出色顶点定位、中间硅条跟踪器(INTT)的定时、时间投影室(TPC)的精确跟踪以及电磁和强子量热系统(分别为EMCal和HCal)实现的,后者是RHIC首次部署。sPHENIX合作创建了重建软件堆栈以及真实的数据模拟,可以对软件和物理选择进行测试和优化。
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引用次数: 0
Results on light (anti)nuclei production in Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC 大型强子对撞机ALICE对Pb-Pb碰撞产生轻(反)核的结果
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040905
E. Bartsch
The high collision energies reached at the LHC lead to significant production yields of light (anti)nuclei in proton-proton, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions. Light (anti)nuclei are identified using their specific energy loss (dE/dx), measured in the Time Projection Chamber, and their velocity using the Time-Of-Flight detector. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities of the ALICE experiment, as well as its low material budget, make this detector unique for measurements of these rarely produced particles. Results on (anti)deuteron, (anti)triton, (anti)3He and (anti) He production in Pb–Pb collisions at p  sNN = 5.02 TeV, including their transverse momentum (pT) spectra, production  yields and coalescence parameters BA, are presented. These results will be compared to the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronization models to obtain information on the production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, the first measurements of the d and 3He absorption cross section are shown.
在质子-质子、p-Pb和Pb-Pb碰撞中,LHC达到的高碰撞能量导致了轻(反)核的显著产率。光(反)核是用它们的比能量损失(dE/dx)来识别的,在时间投影室测量,它们的速度使用飞行时间探测器。ALICE实验出色的跟踪和粒子识别能力,以及它的低材料预算,使这个探测器对这些很少产生的粒子的测量是独一无二的。本文给出了在p sNN = 5.02 TeV条件下Pb-Pb碰撞产生(反)氘核、(反)氚、(反)3He和(反)He的结果,包括它们的横向动量(pT)谱、产率和聚结参数BA。这些结果将与聚结和统计强子化模型的预期进行比较,以获得重离子碰撞中轻(反)核产生机制的信息。此外,给出了d和3He吸收截面的第一次测量结果。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature of the QGP: a brief overview QGP的温度:简要概述
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040915
M. Sas
These proceedings give a br.ief overview of the measurements of the effective temperature of the quark-gluon plasma.
这些诉讼程序是有价值的。夸克-胶子等离子体有效温度测量概述。
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引用次数: 0
Lattice-QCD-based equations of state at finite temperature and density 有限温度和密度下基于点阵qcd的状态方程
Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040907
J. Karthein, D. Mroczek, A. N. Acuna, J. Noronha-Hostler, P. Parotto, D. Price, C. Ratti
The equation of state (EoS) of QCD is a crucial input for the modeling of heavy-ion-collision (HIC) and neutron-star-merger systems. Calculations of the fundamental theory of QCD, which could yield the true EoS, are hindered by the infamous Fermi sign problem which only allows direct simulations at zero or imaginary baryonic chemical potential. As a direct consequence, the current coverage of the QCD phase diagram by lattice simulations is limited. In these proceedings, two different equations of state based on first-principle lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations are discussed. The first is solely informed by the fundamental theory by utilizing all available diagonal and non-diagonal susceptibilities up to O(µ 4 B) in order to reconstruct a full EoS at finite baryon number, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials. For the second, we go beyond information from the lattice in order to explore the conjectured phase structure, not yet determined by LQCD methods, to assist the experimental HIC community in their search for the critical point. We incorporate critical behavior into this EoS by relying on the principle of universality classes, of which QCD belongs to the 3D Ising Model. This allows one to study the effects of a singularity on the thermodynamical quantities that make up the equation of state used for hydrodynamical simulations of HICs. Additionally, we ensure that these EoSs are valid for applications to HICs by enforcing conditions of strangeness neutrality and fixed charge-to-baryonnumber ratio.
QCD的状态方程(EoS)是重离子碰撞(HIC)和中子星合并系统建模的重要输入。QCD基本理论的计算,可以产生真正的EoS,被臭名昭著的费米符号问题所阻碍,该问题只允许在零或假想的重子化学势下直接模拟。作为一个直接的后果,目前覆盖的QCD相图晶格模拟是有限的。本文讨论了两种基于第一原理晶格QCD (LQCD)计算的不同状态方程。第一种方法完全由基本理论提供信息,利用所有可用的对角线和非对角线磁化率高达O(µ4 B),以便在有限重子数,电荷和奇异化学势下重建完整的EoS。其次,我们超越了来自晶格的信息,以探索尚未被LQCD方法确定的推测相结构,以帮助实验HIC社区寻找临界点。我们通过依赖普适性类的原则将临界行为纳入到该EoS中,其中QCD属于3D Ising模型。这使得人们可以研究奇点对热力学量的影响,这些热力学量构成了用于HICs流体动力学模拟的状态方程。此外,我们通过实施奇异性中性和固定电荷重子数比的条件,确保这些eos对HICs的应用有效。
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引用次数: 0
Femtoscopic study on the ΛΛ-NΞ interaction ΛΛ-NΞ相互作用的飞镜研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.0308124
Y. Kamiya, K. Sasaki, T. Fukui, T. Hyodo, K. Morita, K. Ogata, A. Ohnishi, T. Hatsuda
The correlation functions of pΞ − and ΛΛ pairs from high-energy pp collisions are investigated in the coupled-channel formalism. The NΞΛΛ coupled-channel potentials obtained in the lattice QCD calculation at almost physical quark masses are employed. The pΞ − correlation function shows the large enhancement from the pure Coulomb case, while the ΛΛ correlation function shows the moderate enhancement from the pure quantum statistics case. This agreement indicates that both the NΞ and ΛΛ interactions are moderately attractive without having quasibound or bound state.
用耦合通道形式研究了高能pp碰撞中pΞ−和ΛΛ对的相关函数。采用了几乎物理夸克质量的晶格QCD计算中得到的NΞΛΛ耦合通道势。pΞ−相关函数显示纯库仑情况下有较大的增强,而ΛΛ相关函数显示纯量子统计情况下有中等的增强。这种一致性表明NΞ和ΛΛ相互作用都具有中等吸引力,而不具有准束缚态或束缚态。
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引用次数: 0
Plasma screening and the critical end point in the QCD phase diagram 血浆筛选和QCD相位图中的临界终点
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040917
A. Ayala, Bilgai Almeida Zamora, J. J. Cobos-Mart'inez, S. Hern'andez-Ortiz, L. A. Hern'andez, A. Raya, M. E. Tejeda-Yeomans
In heavy-ion collisions, fluctuations of conserved charges are known to be sensitive observables to probe criticality for the QCD phase transition and to locate the position of the putative critical end point (CEP). In this work we seek to show that the Linear Sigma Model with quarks produces an effective description of the QCD phase diagram in which deviations from a Hadron Resonance Gas are due to plasma screening effects, encoded in the contribution of the ring diagrams. Accounting for these, it is possible to include in the description the effect of long-range correlations. To set the model parameters we use LQCD results for the crossover transition at vanishing chemical potential. Finally, studying baryon number fluctuations from the model, we show that the CEP can be located within the HADES and/or the lowest end of the NICA energy domain, √ sNN ∼ 2 GeV.
在重离子碰撞中,已知守恒电荷的波动是探测QCD相变临界性和确定假定临界终点(CEP)位置的敏感观测值。在这项工作中,我们试图证明具有夸克的线性西格玛模型产生了对QCD相图的有效描述,其中与强子共振气体的偏差是由于等离子体筛选效应,编码在环图的贡献中。考虑到这些因素,就有可能在描述中包括远程相关性的影响。为了设置模型参数,我们使用LQCD结果来计算化学势消失时的交叉跃迁。最后,通过研究模型中的重子数波动,我们发现CEP可以位于HADES和/或NICA能量域的最低端,√sNN ~ 2 GeV。
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引用次数: 1
Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and QCD evolution equations 横向动量依赖的部子分布函数和QCD演化方程
Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.020728
M. Hentschinski
We provide an overview over Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). While we will also comment on TMD PDFs in general, we will focus on their use for the description of hadronic reactions in the so-called low x limit. Here $x = M^2/s$ and $M$ is the hard scale of the process, while $sqrt{s}$ is the center of mass energy of the reaction. We will explain why this are interesting quantities whose exploration serves a manifold purpose. In particular we will explain why these are interesting quantities both for the accurate description of LHC data and why exploration of such quantities is a central goal of the future Electron Ion Collider. In a second part of this talk we will then discuss how perturbative QCD allows us to formulate and solve differential equations, which describe the dependence of this TMD PDFs on various kinematic variables.
我们提供了横向动量依赖(TMD)的部分分布函数(pdf)的概述。虽然我们也将一般地评论TMD pdf,但我们将重点关注它们在所谓的低x极限下用于描述强子反应的用途。这里$x = M^2/s$和$M$是过程的硬标度,而$sqrt{s}$是反应的质能中心。我们将解释为什么这是有趣的量,其探索服务于多种目的。特别是,我们将解释为什么这些量对于LHC数据的准确描述是有趣的,以及为什么探索这些量是未来电子离子对撞机的中心目标。在本演讲的第二部分,我们将讨论摄动QCD如何使我们能够制定和求解微分方程,这些微分方程描述了TMD pdf对各种运动变量的依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
A Semi-analytical Method of Calculating Nuclear Collision Trajectory in the QCD Phase Diagram 计算QCD相图中核碰撞轨迹的半解析方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.040920
Zi-Wei Lin, T. Mendenhall
The finite nuclear thickness affects the energy density (t) and conserved-charge densities such as the net-baryon density nB(t) produced in heavy ion collisions. While the effect is small at high collision energies where the Bjorken energy density formula for the initial state is valid, the effect is large at low collision energies, where the nuclear crossing time is not small compared to the parton formation time. The temperature T(t) and chemical potentials µ(t) of the dense matter can be extracted from the densities for a given equation of state (EOS). Therefore, including the nuclear thickness is essential for the determination of the T-µB trajectory in the QCD phase diagram for relativistic nuclear collisions at low to moderate energies such as the RHIC-BES energies. In this proceeding, we will first discuss our semi-analytical method that includes the nuclear thickness effect and its results on the densities є(t), nB(t), nQ(t), and nS(t). Then, we will show the extracted T(t), µB(t), µQ(t), and µS(t) for a quark-gluon plasma using the ideal gas EOS with quantum or Boltzmann statistics. Finally, we will show the results on the T-µB trajectories in relation to the possible location of the QCD critical end point. This semi-analytical model provides a convenient tool for exploring the trajectories of nuclear collisions in the QCD phase diagram.
有限核厚度影响重离子碰撞产生的能量密度(t)和守恒电荷密度(如净重子密度nB(t))。当初始态的比约肯能量密度公式成立时,在高碰撞能量下影响很小,而在低碰撞能量下影响很大,在低碰撞能量下,核穿越时间与部分子形成时间相比并不小。稠密物质的温度T(T)和化学势µ(T)可以从给定状态方程(EOS)的密度中提取出来。因此,在中低能量(如RHIC-BES能量)相对论性核碰撞的QCD相图中,包括核厚度对于确定T-µB轨迹至关重要。在本程序中,我们将首先讨论我们的半解析方法,其中包括核厚度效应及其对密度的影响,包括_ (t), nB(t), nQ(t)和nS(t)。然后,我们将展示使用具有量子或玻尔兹曼统计的理想气体EOS提取的夸克-胶子等离子体的T(T),µB(T),µQ(T)和µS(T)。最后,我们将展示与QCD临界终点可能位置相关的T-µB轨迹的结果。这种半解析模型为研究QCD相图中的核碰撞轨迹提供了方便的工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Suplemento de la Revista Mexicana de Física
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